1、语言社会与文化语言社会与文化Language,Culture and SocietyModern English Linguistics Studies L 7 Language and Culture SWHCulture in ELTExercisesIntercultural Communication Language and Society 1.Language and Culture Language is an essential and important part of a given culture and that the impact of culture upon a
2、 given language is something intrinsic and indispensable.Studying the relationship of language and culture in a social situation could provide learners a different perspective to the study of language in terms of some new tendencies and developments in the field of sociolinguistics.1.Language and Cu
3、lture 1.2 Relation Between Language and Culture It has become axiomatic to state that there exists a close relationship between Language and culture.Language is related to cognition,and cognition is related to the cultural setting.1.Language and Culture 1.2 Relation Between Language and Culture More
4、 evidence can be gathered to substantiate this claim if we have a brief survey of what has happened in the field of linguistics over the past century.1.Language and Culture 1.2 Relation Between Language and Culture Since the beginning of the 18th century,the linguistic inquiry of Language has been e
5、ither comparative and historical or structural and formalized in nature,some change,however,was observed at the start of the 20th century:AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL ORIENTATION in the study of Language was developed both in England and in North America.What characterized this new tradition was its study of
6、Language in a sociocultural context.1.Language and Culture 1.2 Relation Between Language and Culture A lot of important and creative work has been done in the research of the relationship between Language and culture.The pioneers in England:Bronislaw Malinowski and John P.Firth.The representatives i
7、n North America:Franz Boas,Edward Sapir,and Benjamin Lee Whorf2.Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis(SWH)Hypothesis:Edward Sapire and Benjamin Whorf,proclaimed that the structure of the language people habitually use influences the ways they think and believe.Language will mould our view of the world.The strong v
8、ersion of the theory emphases the decisive role of Language as the shaper of our thinking patterns.The weak version of this hypothesis suggests that there is a correlation between Language,culture,and thought,but the cross-cultural differences thus produced in our ways of thinking are relative,rathe
9、r than categorical.2.Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis(SWH)Insights:1.There is nowadays a recognition that language,as code,reflects cultural preoccupations and constrains the way people think.2.Context is important in comprehending the meaning encoded in the language.3.Intercultural Communication(IC)Intercult
10、ural Communication(IC)is communication between people whose culture perceptions and symbols systems are distinct enough to alter the communication event.It is frequently used to refer to communication between people from different cultures,which implies a comparison between cultures.3.Intercultural
11、Communication(IC)It centers on significant differences regarding social relations and concept of universe from different perspectives such as language,food,dress,attitude toward time,work habits,social behavior that can cause frustration in communication and contacts.Some illustrations of the cultur
12、al differences in language use which we may often come across in daily life.3.Intercultural Communication(IC)Addressing terms Greetings Thanks and compliments Compliments Color words Privacy and taboos Rounding off numbers Cultural-related idioms,proverbs and metaphorsDifferences inChinese CultureEn
13、glish CultureAddressing terms GreetingsThanksComplimentsIntroductionDepartingOfferingInquiriesTaboos咒语,性,人体器官,生老病死Euphemism ass(donkey),(arse)die,French disease,4.Culture Elements Teaching and Learning Learning a language is inseparable from learning its culture.That is,we should not only learn the
14、imitation of the pronunciation,grammar words and idioms,but also learn the world as native speakers do.Principally,there are at least three objectives for us to teach culture in our Language class.To get the students familiar with cultural differences;To help the students transcend their own culture
15、 and see things as the members of the target culture will;To emphasize the inseparability of understanding Language and understanding culture through various classroom practices.4.Culture Elements Teaching and Learning All this leads to a belief that a good understanding of structural things in some
16、 cases has much to do with a conscious understanding of the cultural background of the target Language from Language learners.In other words,a successful master of a given Language has much to do with an understanding of that culture.Because,as we have shown so far,Language and culture are correlate
17、d with each other at different levels of linguistic structure.5.Language and society The relationship between Language and society has long been recognized and examined.During the whole 20th century,a great deal of efforts has been taken to treat the inquiry of linguistics as a MONISTIC science.Stro
18、ngly influenced by this dominant view of linguistic science,a separation of the structural study of Language from its social context of usage was claimed,justified,and reinforced.5.Language and society Dell Hymes:SPEAKING S:setting and scene;P:participants;E:ends(goal);A:act sequence K:key(means)I:i
19、nstrumentalities(language or dialect)N:norms(rules of speaking)G:Genres(style)5.Language and society Social factors that influence language behave in social context:Class Gender Age Ethnic identity Education background Occupation Religious belief 5.Language and society In 1960s,William Labov investi
20、gated the relationship between speakers social status and phonological vitiations.He found that class and style are two major factors influenced speakers choice of phonological variants.In 1970s,Robin Lakoff studies gender difference in American English.She found gender affects upon speakers linguis
21、tic behavior,and there exists a Woman Register in the language.5.Language and society The features are(because of womens place in society):1.Women use more“fancy”color terms;2.Women use less powerful curse words;3.Women use more intensifiers;4.Women use more tag questions;5.Women use more statement
22、questions;6.Womens linguistic behaviors is more indirect and polite.5.Language and society Sociolinguistics and implications:Sociolinguistics attempts to show the relationship between language and society.And more practice have been going on in classroom and court,thus applied sociolinguistics”.In 1
23、970s,Hymes communicative competence was introduced into language teaching classroom.Language teachers began to pay more attention to the question of how to train students as active and successful language users in a real language context.Sociolinguistics is believed to have provided some important c
24、ontributions.5.Language and society Sociolinguistics and implications:1.Sociolinguistics has contributed to a change of emphasis in the content of language teaching;2.It has also contributed to innovations in materials and activities for the classroom;3.It has contributed to a fresh look at the natu
25、re of language development and use;4.It has contributed to a more fruitful research in the field.6.Questions for Discussion 1.Explain the following municative competence gender difference linguistic sexism linguistic relativity culture difference culture literacy culture awareness social competence
26、2.Answer the following question.1)Why do we need to teach culture in language classroom?2)What will you say to a statement like”one cultures meat is another cultures poison”?3.Group the following English names.Smith,Jackson,Green,Johnson,Richardson,Hill,Black,Lincoln,Stern,Knight Wood,Baker,Young,Ford,French York,White,Kent,Lake,Williamson Little,Robertson,Cook,Taylor,Cornwall (Occupation,Geography,Place Name,Features,Fathers name)欢迎批评指正！欢迎批评指正！谢谢大家谢谢大家！
