1、(一一)被动语态基本用法被动语态基本用法:当句子的当句子的主语主语是动作的是动作的执行者执行者时，谓语的形式是时，谓语的形式是主动语态主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的当句子的主语是动作的承受者承受者时，谓语要用时，谓语要用被动语态被动语态。被动。被动语态由助动词语态由助动词be+过去分词构过去分词构成，成，时态时态通过通过be表现出来。表现出来。时态时态构成构成一般现在时一般现在时am/is/aredone一般过去时一般过去时was/weredone现在进行时现在进行时Am/is/are+being+done一般将来时一般将来时will/shall/be going tobedone现在完成时现
2、在完成时has/havebeendone含情态动词含情态动词can/must/should/may.bedone 1.被被动语态的构成动语态的构成be+done(二二)被动语态的基本结构被动语态的基本结构:有各种时态的变化有各种时态的变化 英语动词有两种语态：英语动词有两种语态：主动语态主动语态(the Active Voice)被动语态被动语态(the Passive Voice)A.主动语态表示主语是动作的主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者执行者。B.被动语态表示主语是动作的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者承受者。We planted the tree.The tree was planted
3、by us.We speak English.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语English is spoken by us.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态They cleaned the classroom yesterday.昨天他们打扫了教室。昨天他们打扫了教室。The classroom was cleaned by them yesterday.昨天教室被他们打扫了。昨天教室被他们打扫了。1.一般现在时的被动语态结构：一般现在时的被动语态结构：is/are+过去分词过去分词Cars are made in China.The desk is made of wood
4、.English is taught in our school.如何由主动语态变成被动语态呢？by many students.1.Many students study English.Englishis studied2.They make shoes in that factory.Shoesare made by themin that factory.1.一般现在时的被动语态结构：一般现在时的被动语态结构：is/are+过去分词过去分词1.将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。2.将主动语态的谓语动词由主动变为被动将主动语态的谓语动词由主动变为被动
5、3.将主动语态的主语变为被动语态中介词将主动语态的主语变为被动语态中介词by 的宾语放在谓动词之后的宾语放在谓动词之后运用一下吧运用一下吧 They play football on Sunday.Lucy does the homework in the evening.They often use computers in class.We make these machines in Beijing.Football is played by them on Sunday.The homework is done by Lucy in the evening.Computers are
6、often used by them in class.These machines are made in Beijing.1.They bought a computer last term by them last term.2.2.一般过去时的被动语态结构：一般过去时的被动语态结构：was/were+过去分词过去分词last year.Many treeswere plantedA computer was bought They built the tall building last year.He took good care of his little brother yest
7、erday.We cleaned our classroom just now.The tall building was built by them last year.His little brother was taken good care of by him yesterday.Our classroom was cleaned by us just now.They used the rooms for resting.The rooms were used for resting by them.3.3.一般将来时的被动语态结构：一般将来时的被动语态结构：be going to
8、be/will be+过去分词过去分词1.They will finish the work in ten days.by them in ten days.The workwill be finished2.Tom is going to clean the room tomorrow.The room is going to be cleanedby Tom tomorrow.We will held a sports meeting next week.Children will take some photos in the schoolyard tomorrow.The headma
9、ster is going to give a talk this afternoon.A sports meeting will be held by us next week.Some photos will be taken by children in the school tomorrow.A talk is going to be given by the headmaster this afternoon.4.4.含有情态动词的被动语态结构：含有情态动词的被动语态结构：can/may/must/should+be+过去分词过去分词1.Amy can take good care
10、of Gina by Amy.Ginacan be taken good care of1.He can take care of the baby.2.Lucy may draw the pictures.3.You must turn off the lights.4.They should learn English well.The baby can be taken care of by him.The picture may be drawn by Lucy.The lights must be turned off by you.English should be learned
11、 well by them.1.Some workers are painting the rooms nowby some workers now.The roomsare being painted1.We have made a keyby us.A keyhas been made1.Now English _ by more and more people all over the word.A.speaks B.is spoken C.was spoken一般现在时的被动语态：一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are+done2.The lost boy _ at the stre
12、et corner last night.A.was found B.is found C.was looked for一般过去时的被动语态：一般过去时的被动语态：was/were+done3.More man-made satellites _ in the future.A.will send up B.will be sent up C.are sent up一般将来时的被动语态：一般将来时的被动语态：will+be+donebe going to+be+done4.Three bridges _ since last year.A.have built B.were built C.h
13、ave been built现在完成时的被动语态：现在完成时的被动语态：have/has+been+done5.Flowers _ every day.A.has been watered B.should be watered C.should water含有情态动词的被动语态：含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词情态动词+be+done(一一)被动语态基本用法被动语态基本用法:当句子的当句子的主语主语是动作的是动作的执行者执行者时，谓语的形式是时，谓语的形式是主动语态主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的当句子的主语是动作的承受者承受者时，谓语要用时，谓语要用被动语态被动语态。被动。被动语态由助动词语
14、态由助动词be+过去分词构过去分词构成，成，时态时态通过通过be表现出来。表现出来。时态时态构成构成一般现在时一般现在时am/is/aredone一般过去时一般过去时was/weredone现在进行时现在进行时Am/is/are+being+done一般将来时一般将来时will/shall/be going tobedone现在完成时现在完成时has/havebeendone含情态动词含情态动词can/must/should/may.bedone 1.被被动语态的构成动语态的构成be+done(二二)被动语态的基本结构被动语态的基本结构:有各种时态的变化有各种时态的变化1.1.规则动词的过去分
15、词：规则动词的过去分词：1)1)一般情况在动词原形后一般情况在动词原形后加加-ed-edwatch-watched2)2)以不发音以不发音e e结尾的加结尾的加-d-dpractice-practiced3)3)以辅音加以辅音加y y结尾的，去结尾的，去y y变变i i加加-ed-edstudy-studied4)4)以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加辅音字母，再加-ed-edstop-stopped2.2.不规则动词的过去分词不规则动词的过去分词：amisarewaswerebeenhavehashaddodonew
16、ritewrittengogone动词过去分词的变化动词过去分词的变化:(三三)何时使用被动语态？何时使用被动语态？1、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。例如：法说出动作的执行者时。例如：Football is played all over the world 2、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。例如：的执行者时。例如：My bike was stolen 我的自行车被盗了。我的自行车被盗了。3、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如：例如：He was born in Octob
17、er，19894、汉语中含有、汉语中含有“被被”、“由由”等等词时。例如：词时。例如：Tina是被是被Paul叫来的。叫来的。Tina is asked to come by Paul5、汉语中含有、汉语中含有“据说据说”、“据悉据悉”、“据报道据报道”等时。例如：等时。例如：It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and It was reported that her mother died of SARS.众所周知众所周知 It is well known that 据推测说据推测说 It is supposed
18、that(四四)主动语态变被动语态主动语态变被动语态:(1)(1)把把来的来的提到前面作被动语态的提到前面作被动语态的(2)(2)把把谓语动词谓语动词变成变成被动结构被动结构(bebe过去分词过去分词)()(根根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定bebe的形式的形式)。(3)(3)把主动语态中的把主动语态中的主语主语放在介词放在介词byby之后作之后作宾语宾语，将将主格主格改为改为宾格宾格。如：。如：They make the bikes in the factory.The bike
19、sin the factory.are madethemby主变被步骤主变被步骤:1.找宾语找宾语:即动作的承受者即动作的承受者(改为主语改为主语)He washed his car yesterday.His car3.判断判断新主语新主语的单复数的单复数:确定确定be动词的单复数动词的单复数.be4.判断动词的时态判断动词的时态:即即be动词的时态动词的时态.2.修改谓语的语态修改谓语的语态:即即be+原原V.过去分词过去分词 washed5.修改原句的主语修改原句的主语:即即by+主语主语(变宾格变宾格).(by them)yesterday.iswas was1.Tom broke t
20、he window.The window 2.She broke the windows.The windows 3.He cleans the classroom everyday.The classroom was brokenby Tom.were brokenby her.is cleanedby himbe动词的单复数变化动词的单复数变化:everyday.He rides the motorbike to work every day.The motorbikeis riddenA computer computer,use,in our classis usedin our cl
21、assevery day.They bought ten computers last year Ten computerslast year.were bought(by them)1.They will finish the work in ten days.The workin ten days.will be finished(by them)1.Amy can take good care of the catThe cat can be taken good care ofby Amy.在通常情况下，修饰被动语态的在通常情况下，修饰被动语态的副词副词一一定要定要放在助动词放在助动词
22、be与过去分词之间与过去分词之间。如：。如：She was badly paid.她挣的钱很少。她挣的钱很少。The trip was well organized.旅行组旅行组织得很好。织得很好。将副词放在过去分词之后也是可以的。将副词放在过去分词之后也是可以的。2.2.含有双宾语的动词在变为被动语态时，有以下三含有双宾语的动词在变为被动语态时，有以下三种情形：种情形：(1)(1)有些双宾动词有些双宾动词(如如award,buy,give,leave,lend,offer,pay,show,teach,tell等等)在变为被动语态时，在变为被动语态时，既可把间接宾语既可把间接宾语(指人指人)
23、变为被动语态的主语变为被动语态的主语,而把而把直接宾语直接宾语(指事物指事物)保留下来保留下来(称为保留宾语称为保留宾语),),也可也可把直接宾语把直接宾语(指事物指事物)变为被动语态的主语变为被动语态的主语,而把间而把间接宾语改为介词接宾语改为介词to 或或for引起的状语引起的状语(到底用到底用to还是还是for,与所搭配的动词有关与所搭配的动词有关)。比较：。比较：He gave her some money.他给她一些钱。他给她一些钱。She was given Some money was given to her.some money.2.He bought his friend
24、some fruits yesterday.His friend was bought some fruits(by him)yesterday.Some fruits were bought for his friend(by him)yesterday.1.He bought her a watch.A watch was bought for her(by him).She was bought a watch(by him).(2)(2)有些双宾动词有些双宾动词(如如bring,do,make,pass,sell,send,sing,write等等)通常用直接宾语通常用直接宾语(指事物
25、指事物)作被作被动语态的主语，而将间接宾语用作保留宾语动语态的主语，而将间接宾语用作保留宾语(其前其前根据情况用介词根据情况用介词to或或for)：Father made me a doll.A doll was made for me.He wrote her a letter.A letter was written to her.(3)(3)有些双宾动词有些双宾动词(如如answer,deny,envy,refuse,save,spare等等)通常用间接宾语通常用间接宾语(指人指人)作被动语态作被动语态的主语，而将直接宾语用作保留宾语：的主语，而将直接宾语用作保留宾语：He answer
26、ed me that question.I was answered that question by him.3,主动语态的句子里主动语态的句子里一感一感（feel），），二听二听（listen to、hear），），三让三让（let、make、have)五看五看（look、see、watch、notice、observe），），半帮助半帮助（help）在）在主动主动语态语态里常里常省去省去to,但变成但变成被动被动语态时，必须要语态时，必须要补回补回to。例例:主动：主动：I make her do the dishes.被动：被动：She is made to do the dishes
27、 by me 表示主语的表示主语的属性特征的动词属性特征的动词+副词副词well/badly/easily/smoothly,用主动式表被用主动式表被动义动义4.作作“需要需要”讲的讲的need/want/requireneed/want/require的被动形式：的被动形式：物物+need/want/require doing =need/want/require to be done 人人+need/want/require to do Your jacket needs washing.=Your jacket needs to be washed.5.表示表示“开始、结束、运动开始、结
28、束、运动”的动词用的动词用主动式表被动义。主动式表被动义。begin,open,start,stop,end,finish,shut,run,.)The shop opens at 6 am.every day A traffic accident _(happen)just now.happened2.连系动词连系动词（Link.v.)如：如：be,look,seem,feel,sound,smell,taste,get,turn,becomePeking Opera _(sound)beautiful.sounds3.当此动词表示当此动词表示事物的自然属性事物的自然属性(或当它们和或当它们
29、和badly,well,easily等连用时，表示主语的内在品等连用时，表示主语的内在品质或性能且为不及物动词质或性能且为不及物动词)的时候的时候:The pen _(write)very fast.WritesThis kind of sweater _(sell)well.sells1.不及物动词不及物动词（vi.)如如:happen,take place,appear,disappear,不用被动语态的动词：不用被动语态的动词：表示主语的自然属性特征表示主语的自然属性特征well/badly/easily/smoothly),常见动词：常见动词：read,write,sell,wash,
30、clean,wear,lock,open,cook,shut,dry,eat,drink,The books _ well A.were sold B.sell C.have sold D.are being soldThis kind of cloth _ easily A.has washed B.was washed C.washes D.is washed Practice:2 We will build a new lab.A new lab _ _ _.3 They are stopping the traffic now.The traffic _ _ _ now.will be
31、builtisbeing stopped5.If your homework _(do)well,you may go to play.8.The ship model _ be _(make)in two days.is donewillmade9.Im sorry,sirYour recorder录音机isnt ready yetIt _ in the factoryA.is being repairedB.is repairedC.has been repairedD.hasnt been repaired10In warm weather,fruit and meat _ longA.
32、cannot be keptB.dont keepC.mustnt keepD.is not kept11.-Did you hand him the letter yesterday?-No,I _ to him A.brought it B.took it C.had it sent D.carried it 12Alice had a dress _ last week Amade B.make C.to be made D.to makeOral practice-主动句改被动句 1)A car knocked him down yesterday.They are cutting u
33、p a fallen tree He was knocked down by a car yesterday A fallen tree was being cut up by them4).We will put on the play next Sunday5).Workers are building a new teaching building in our school6).They has completed the railway The play will be put on next SundayA new teaching building is being built
34、by workers in our schoolThe railway has been completed 7).We should protect the earth8).You need to paint the wall The earth should be protected by us The wall needs to be painted 或或The wall needs painting.Quiz 11.The steel _ cold A.is felt B.was feeling C.feels D.is being felt2.His plan _ good A.ha
35、s sounded B.is sounding C.is sounded D.sounds3.Work _ at 7 pm.today A.ends B.ended C.was ended D.had ended4.The pen _ smoothly A.was wrote B.writes C.has writing D.is written5.This coat _ easily A.has washed B.was washed C.washes D.is washedCorrecting mistake2.Correct the mistake(s)in each sentence
36、if any:1)Two boys hurt while playing a ball2)The singer lived in London until he was sending to university3)How long do you think the meeting will be lasted?was sentwill lastwere hurt4)Class is begun at 7:30 every day5)His plan is sounded good6)Your coat needs being washedbeginssoundsto be washed/washing
