1、 专项复习专项复习定语从句复习思路定语从句复习思路1.1.定语从句分类定语从句分类2 2.关系词关系词3 3.关系代词关系代词及要记住的及要记住的特殊情况特殊情况4 4.主谓一致主谓一致5 5.关系副词关系副词及及介词介词+关系代词关系代词中介词的选择中介词的选择6 6.限制性定语从句和限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句的比较的比较7 7.非限制性定语从句和单句的比较非限制性定语从句和单句的比较8 8.as.as引导定语从句用法引导定语从句用法 定语从句复习定语从句The Restrictive Attributive Clause限制性定语从句The Non-Restricti
2、ve Attributive Clause非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.You must do everything that I do.I have found the book which I lost.I visited the school where I studied.关系代词 关系副词注意事项:1.从句的位置:2.翻译方法:3.构成：先行词 之后“.的”关系词关系代词的用法关系代词在从句中可以：何时可以省略？关系代词的用法 关系代词在从句中可以：何时可以省略？做宾语时可以省略whose=o
3、f which/whom关系代词的用法练习1.The eggs were not fresh.I bought them yesterday.2.The friend was not hungry.He came to supper last night.3.He prefers the cheese.It comes from his parents farm.4.The noodles were delicious.You cooked them.5.I dont like the people.They smoke a lot.The eggs(that/which)I bought t
4、hem were not fresh.The friend who/that he came to supper last night was not hungry.He prefers the cheese that/which it comes from his parents farm.The noodles(which/that)you cooked them were delicious.I dont like the people that/who they smoke a lot.Exercisesv1.The books _ I borrowed from the librar
5、y was newly published.v2.The ID card _ I lost last week was found in a supermarket.v3.The newspapers _ we have collected will be recycled.v4.Most of the cars _ were stolen have not been found yet.v5.The students _ are visiting the natural museum are very interested in the dinosaurs.thatwhichwhichwhi
6、chwho1)A plane is a machine _ can fly.2)The car _ my uncle bought last week was stolen.3)The students _ dont study hardwill not pass the exam.4)The woman _ you saw inthe park is our English teacher.which/thatwhich/thatwho/thatwhom/thatThe house _ we live in is very old.Those are the shoes _ I lost l
7、ast week.That is the man _ found my handbag.Lucy cant eat food _ has chocolate in it.The car _ my uncle bought last month is very beautiful.which/that which/that who/that which/that which/that6.The village _ Guo Peng lives in is very far away.7.The boy_ is wearing the black jacket is very clever.8.I
8、 hate people _ talk much but do little.9.The detective found the thieves _ robbed the Bank of Hawaii.10.My aunt works in a university _ has over five thousand students.which/that who/that who/that who/that which/thatIs this pen _ you bought?Is this the pen _ you bought?the one thatthat只用that的：1.先行词是
9、先行词是指物指物的不定代词，用的不定代词，用that不用不用whichall,little,few,much,none,anything,nothing,everything,the one等时。等时。I didnt understand the words all that he said.(先行词是指人的不定代词：先行词是指人的不定代词：everyoneeveryone，anyone.anyone.反而多用反而多用whowho）Anyone who leaves the room last ought to turn off the light.2.先行词由最高级、序数词所修饰。先行词由最
10、高级、序数词所修饰。This is the most beautiful place that I have been to.3.当先行词被当先行词被the only,few，any，little，no，all，every，the very 等词修饰。等词修饰。He is the only person that is reliable.4.先行词既包括人，也包括物。先行词既包括人，也包括物。They always like to talk about the man and the things that they see on the road.5.当主句是以当主句是以which 或或wh
11、o 开头的特殊疑问句时。开头的特殊疑问句时。Who is the man that opened up the lab.6.当先行词在从句中做表语当先行词在从句中做表语,或关系代词在从或关系代词在从句中做表语时。（句中做表语时。（that 可以省）可以省）He is not the man that he used to be.7.以以There be开头，先行词开头，先行词为物为物时用时用thatThere is a room in the building that is still free.8.That 在从句中做介词宾语，介词不能前置在从句中做介词宾语，介词不能前置Here is t
12、he car that I told you about.这就是我和你谈过的那辆汽车。Fill in the blanks:1.The terrible typhoon killed the people and cattle_ were in the fields.2.The wind blew down the tallest tree _ is in front of our school gate.3.This is the very thing _ I was looking for.4.This is the second novel _ I have ever read.5.Th
13、ere is nothing in the world _ can frighten me.6.Who is the man _ is reading under the tree?thatthatthatthatthatthat用用which的：的：1.非限制性定语从句用非限制性定语从句用whichHe was very crude to the customs officer,which of course made things even worse.2.介词后介词后指物指物用用which。Do you know the boy to whom I spoke just now.3.当先
14、行词本身是当先行词本身是that或是或是those且且指物指物时时 Paul has found that which he lost yesterday.4.如有两个定语从句，其中前一句用关系代词如有两个定语从句，其中前一句用关系代词that 则后一句应用则后一句应用which。Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.用用who的：的：1.先行词是先行词是one,ones,anyone,those 指人指人时用时用whoThose who want to go
15、to the Great Wall sign up here.2.先行词是人，后面有较长修饰语时用先行词是人，后面有较长修饰语时用whoDo you know the teacher in blue with a book in his hand who is standing at the gate?3.以以There be开头，先行词开头，先行词为人为人，常用，常用whoThere is a pretty girl who wants to see you.4.先行词是先行词是I,you,he,they等时（多用于谚语中）等时（多用于谚语中）He who doesnt reach the
16、Great Wall is not a true man.5.介词前置时只介词前置时只用用whom。In the dark forest,there was not a single person to whom she could turn for help.6.6.一个句子中指人的先行词有时带有两个定语从一个句子中指人的先行词有时带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用thatthat，另，另一个则多用一个则多用whowho。The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies
17、very hard.难用的 whoseThe house is mine.The window of the house is broken.The house whose window is broken is mine.whose=the houses windowThe house is mine.the window of which is brokenof which the window is broken主谓一致问题主谓一致问题1.先行词决定从句谓语动词的数先行词决定从句谓语动词的数“one of可数名词复数”引导的定语从句而“one of可数名词复数,谓语动词应用复数 而“on
18、e of可数名词复数”前有the，only或 the only修饰，定语从句中的谓语动词用单数。He is one of the students who study very hard at school.He is the(only/the only)one of the students who studies very hard at school关系副词和先行词的关系I still remember the day when I came here.This is the house where I lived last year.There are many reasons why
19、 people like traveling.I dont like the way that you speak.on the day=whenin the house=wherefor the reasons=whyin the way=that关系副词实际上是 介词先行词1.Ill never forget the days_ we worked together.2.Ill never forget the days _ we spent together.3.I went to the place I worked ten years ago.4.I went to the plac
20、e _ I visited ten years ago.5.This is the reason _ he was late.6.This is the reason _ he gave.when/in whichwhichwhere/in whichwhichwhy/for whichthat/which几种易混的情况及物动词及物动词及物动词“介词关系代词介词关系代词”即即“介词介词which”引导定从引导定从注意注意1介词的选用至少要考虑以下的两个因素介词的选用至少要考虑以下的两个因素A.与先行词的搭配关系与先行词的搭配关系1）I will never forget the day _ I
21、 joined the army.2)I will never forget the days _ I worked in the school.3)I will never forget the year _ my sonwent to college.4)I got home at 7:00 p.m.yesterday_ most people had had supper.on whichduring whichin whichby whichB.与从句谓语动词的搭配习惯与从句谓语动词的搭配习惯1）Have you found the book _ I paid29 US dollars
22、?2)Have you found the book _ I spent29 US dollars?3)Have you found the book _ we learnt a lot?4)Have you found the book _ she often talks?for whichon whichfrom whichabout which当关系代词作当关系代词作look after,look for等不能拆开使用等不能拆开使用的及物动词性短语的宾语时的及物动词性短语的宾语时,介词不可以提前。介词不可以提前。固定搭配的动词短语中的介词一般不能提前固定搭配的动词短语中的介词一般不能提前
23、.常见的这类动词短语有常见的这类动词短语有:look for/after/forward to,care for(照顾，喜欢）照顾，喜欢）hear of/about/from,take care of等等.This is the right place Im looking for.The girl whom he is looking after is his sister.用适当的介词补充完整下列定语从句。用适当的介词补充完整下列定语从句。1.I disagree with the facts _ which your argument is based.2.The song,_ whic
24、h he was interested,will never be heard again.3.This is the reason _ which he often comes to school late.4.I will never forget the way _ which my teacher taught me.5.This is the hero _ whom we are proud.on in forinof6.I want to find the very pen _ which I wrote that letter.7.They are the students _
25、whom our teachers are thinking highly.8.It is important to choose good friends _ whom you can share your feelings and thoughts.9.It will not be necessary to name the person _ whom the card belongs.10.I would always like to do business with those people _ whom I can rely.withof withtoon/uponFill in t
26、he blanks.1.I still remember the day _ we spent inthe forest.2.I still remember the day _ I first came to Beijing.3.The factory _ we will visit is large.4.The factory _ his father works is large.5.Ill never forget the time _ we work on the farm.6.This is the house _ we lived last year.that/whichwhen
27、/on whichthat/whichwhere/in whichwhen/at whichwhere/in which归纳:关系副词when指时间,关系副词where指地点,在定语从句中作状语。即使先行词是时间地点,若作从句中的宾语，只能用关系代词that,which.非限制性定语从句The town where I live is beautiful.Kenli,where I live,is beautiful.Teachers who are kind are popular with the students.Mr Wang,who is kind,is popular with t
28、he students.非限制性定语从句The town where I live is beautiful.Kenli,where I live,is beautiful.Teachers who are kind are popular with the students.Mr Wang,who is kind,is popular with the students.插入成分修饰限定补充解释能不能.的能否省略非限制性定语从句和单句的比较2.He failed in the exam._ made his parents angry.3.He failed in the exam,_mad
29、e his parents angry.4.He has two sons.Both of _ are teachers.5.He has two sons,both of _ are teachers.Thiswhichwhomthem thatas 引导的非限制性定语从句The earth is round._ is known to all.The earth is round,_ is known to all._ is known to all,the earth is round_ is known to all that the earth is round.Itwhich/as
30、 AsItas 具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：as you know/as you see/as we planned/as we expected定语从句在句首时只能用as,as 引导的非限制性定语从句(1)This is the same pen as I lost.This is the same pen that I lost.Please compare:这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书就是我丢的那本。as 引导的限制性定语从句(2)This is such an interesting book _ we all like.This is so interesti
31、ng a book _ we all like.This is such an interesting book _we all like it.This is so interesting a book _we all like it.asthatPlease complete the following sentences and compare:asthat这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句)这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句)关于as引导定语从句的问题as引导定语从句主要用于非限制性定语从句和引导定语从句主要用于非限制性定语从句和the sameas，suchas，a
32、sas的结构中。的结构中。1.as与与which都可以引导一个非限制性定语从句都可以引导一个非限制性定语从句，并代表前面整个句子或主句中的表语。，并代表前面整个句子或主句中的表语。He married the girl，as(which)was natural.He seemed a foreigner,as(which)in fact he was.不同的是：不同的是：as引导的定语从句可以前置，而引导的定语从句可以前置，而which不行。不行。As was natural,he married the girl.This is such an interesting book _ we a
33、ll like.This is so interesting a book _ we all like.asas这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。定语从句定语从句This is such an interesting book _we all like it.This is so interesting a book _we all like it.thatthat这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。结果状语从句结果状语从句定语从句与同位语定语从句与同位语从句的区分：从句的区分：1.作用不同。定语从句是修饰和限制某一名词和代词的从句，同位语
34、从句则是补充说明某一名词，表示该名次具体内容的从句。2.功能不同。定语从句中关系词在从句中充当句子成分；同位语从句则由连词that引导，引导词不充当任何成分。The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing.The news that he lost his first match was really disappointing.Finish the attributive clauses below:1.The lesson _ we studied yesterday was hard to understand.2
35、.You can take any book _ interests you best.thatwhich/thatRevision3.People like to live in a place _ theres fresh air and little noise.4.The girl _ you saw at the meeting is a well-known swimmer.5.He is the very worker _ picture we saw in the newspaper yesterday.6.He was very happy on the day _ he e
36、ntered the university.where whom/that/whowhoseon whichwhen/7.Alice received an invitation from her boss,_ came as a surprise.8.The weather turned out to be very good,_ was more than we could expect.9._ is expected,the England team won the football match.Aswhichwhich10.Is that the student _ you lent
37、your dictionary?to whom在介词后面，指事物用在介词后面，指事物用which，指人用，指人用whom1.George Orwell _ was Eric Arthur,wrote many political novels and essays.A.the real name B.what his real name C.his real name D.whose real nameExercisesD2.Anyway,that evening,_ Ill tell you more about later,I ended up staying at Rachels pla
38、ce.A.when B.where C.what D.which D3.What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it.A.the way B.in the way that C.in the way D.the way whichA4.Luckily,wed brought a road map without _ we would have lost our way.A.it B.that C.this D.whichD5.The English play _ my students acted at the New Year
39、s party was a great success.A.for which B.at which C.in which D.on which 6.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase,_ was very reasonable.A.which price B.the price of which C.its price D.the price of whose7.The two things _ they felt very proud were Jims gold watch and Dellas hair.A.about which B.o
40、f which C.in which D.for which8.She is a teacher of much knowledge,_ much can be learned.A.who B.that C.from which D.from whom9.I have bought two ball pens,_ writes well.A.none of which B.neither of which C.none of them D.neither of themCorrect the mistakes1.Under the big tree are 34 students,many o
41、f them come from class two.2.My mother has a good book,which cover looks terrible.3.This is the very pen that you gave it to me before.4.There is an old woman,that is holding a stick.whomwhosewho5.Im using the pen which he bought it yesterday.6.The man whom I spoke is from Canada.7.July 1,1999 is th
42、e day when well never forget.tothat/which8.Im going to work in the hospital where needs me.9.Those that havent been to the West Lake will gather at the school gate.that/whichwho10.Miss Chen is the only one of the few teachers who give us wonderful English lessons in our school.gives11.Taiwan,that we
43、 know,belongs to China.12.The bike by which I travelled was his.ason13.This is the place where we visited many times during the past ten years.14.They have decided to stay at home,that is,I think,a wise choice.15.The day will come which the people all over the world will enjoy true freedom.where tha
44、t/which或去掉或去掉wherethat whichwhich when16.He is a man of great experience,from who we can learn much.17.Antarctic,which we know very little,is covered with thick ice all the year round.18.It was a meeting which importance I didnt realize at that time.which whose who whomwhich前或前或little后加后加about1.(200
45、7 山东山东)We are just to reach a point _both sides will sit down together and talk.A where B that C when D which Key:A 解析：解析：本句中先行词本句中先行词a point=a stage in sths development 表发展的阶段，地步，表发展的阶段，地步，为抽象地点，故选关系副词为抽象地点，故选关系副词where 引导引导定语从句。定语从句。真题解析真题解析2.The film brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good
46、 care of in that far-away village.A、until B、that C、when D、where key:C 解析：解析：本题考察定语从句，主句中的先本题考察定语从句，主句中的先行词行词the hours被其它成分分割，只要考被其它成分分割，只要考生能够认清真正的先行词，就不难得出生能够认清真正的先行词，就不难得出答案，答案，the hours表示时间，所以应该选表示时间，所以应该选择一个表示时间的关系副词，即择一个表示时间的关系副词，即when。1.2007 山东卷山东卷 Where did you get to know her?It was on the f
47、arm _ we worked.A.that B.there C.which D.where 2.Last week,only two people came to look at the house,_ wanted to buy it.2007 安徽卷安徽卷 A.none of them B.both of them C.none of whom D.neither of whomDD3.After graduation she reached a point in her career _ she needed to decide what to do.2007 江西卷江西卷 A.tha
48、t B.what C.which D.where4.Today,well discuss a number of cases _ beginners of English fail to use the language properly.2007 陕西卷陕西卷 A.which B.as C.why D.whereDD5.Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _ sight matters more than hearing.2007天津卷天津卷 A.when B.whose C.which D.wher
49、eD6.Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree _ they can be controlled on purpose.2007重庆卷重庆卷A.with which B.to which C.of which D.for whichB6.The girl _ is taking care of the baby is my aunts baby-sitter.7.All the women _ were working in that factory had a day off on Womens
50、Day.8.吉姆住的房间看起来很漂亮The room _ looks very nice.9.那就是刚才偷我钱包的那个人.That is the man _.10.昨天抢银行的小偷被抓住了The thieves _ were caught.11.He talked happily about the men and books_ interested him greatly in the school.whowhowhich Jim lives inwho stole my purse just nowwho robbed the bank yesterdaythatCorrections:1
