1、 The Present Perfect Tense 现在完成时现在完成时 助动词助动词have/has+过去分词过去分词1.肯定句肯定句 现在完成时的肯定句式是现在完成时的肯定句式是“havehave（hashas）过去分词）过去分词”。注意：该句式中的注意：该句式中的havehave或或hashas是助动词是助动词，hashas用于第三人用于第三人称单数，其它人称一律用称单数，其它人称一律用havehave。eg.He has eg.He has gone to school gone to school.They haveThey have gone to school.gone to
2、school.2.疑问句疑问句现在完成时的一般疑问句式是把助动词现在完成时的一般疑问句式是把助动词havehave或或hashas提提到主语之前。到主语之前。(回答用回答用“YesYes，-have/has-have/has“NoNo，-havent/hasnt-havent/hasnt”）3.否定句否定句：现在完成时的否定句式是现在完成时的否定句式是“havent/hasnthavent/hasnt过去分词过去分词”。eg.Has he gone to school?Yes,he has./No,he hasnt.eg.He hasnt gone to school.They havent
3、gone to school.用法一、用法一、1。表过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。表过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,（强调结果现在还存在）（强调结果现在还存在）例如例如 I have just cleaned my clothes.我刚洗过衣服。我刚洗过衣服。（“洗衣服洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是是“衣服干净了衣服干净了”）I have just had my breakfast.(对现在的影响：不饿对现在的影响：不饿)Has he had his breakfast?Yes,he has.When did he ha
4、ve his breakfast?He had breakfast at 6:00.现在完成时态的分类现在完成时态的分类 1.My father bought many books for me yesterday.Now,I have a lot to read because _ 2.I saw this film last week.Now,I know this film because I_.3.I did my homework yesterday.Now,I can give it to the teacher because I_my father has bought man
5、y books for me.have seen it before have done it.通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词 just(谓语动词之前谓语动词之前)（刚（刚刚）刚）,already（已经（已经(肯定句肯定句)）,before,yet（一般疑问（一般疑问(句句末）末）：已经；否定句：还）：已经；否定句：还）never,ever(疑问句疑问句)twice recently(近来）近来）等状语连用等状语连用 1 Tom has already finished his homework.Tom hasnt finished his homework
6、yet.2 I have just had my lunch.She hasnt seen you before.3 Have you ever eaten fish?I have never eaten fish I have never heard of that before.Have you ever ridden a horse?She has already finished the work.Have you milked the cow yet?Yes,I have alredy done that.Ive just finished my homework.He has no
7、t come yet.1.I _ already _(have)lunch 2.the train_(arrive)yet?3.Tom _ never_(be)to China.4.The twins _just _(see)my father.5.The twins _(see)my father just now.6._ you ever _(ride)a horse?Never.have hadHas arrivedhasbeenhaveseensawHave ridden7._ you _(clean)the room?7._ you _(clean)the room?Yes,we_(
8、do)that.Yes,we_(do)that.When _ you _(do)it?When _ you _(do)it?We _(do)it an hour ago.We _(do)it an hour ago.8._ he _(see)this film yet?No.8._ he _(see)this film yet?No.When _ he _(see)it?When _ he _(see)it?He _ it tomorrow.He _ it tomorrow.9.How many times _you_(come)here?9.How many times _you_(come
9、)here?Once.Once.HaveHavecleanedcleanedhave donehave donediddiddododiddidHasHasseenseenwillwillseeseewill seewill seehavehavecomecome 用法二用法二：表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，也可以表表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，也可以表示示一直持续到现在并可能还将持续下去一直持续到现在并可能还将持续下去。A A 动词动词使用延续性动词使用延续性动词。B B 和和表示表示时间段的时间状语连用。时间段的时间状语连用。常与常与for或或since引导的时间连
10、用引导的时间连用so far,up to/till now,in the last/past+一段时间，一段时间，all ones life,by now,these days,these days、for two years、since 1984、since he came here I havent seen her these days.She has learnt English for 3 years/since 3 years ago.They have lived here since 1990.What has happened to the USA in the last 3
11、50 years?注意：注意：(1)since一段时间一段时间agofor时间时间段段;since two weeks ago=for two weeks;I have kept the library book for a week.=I have kept the library book since a week ago.(2)since+时间点时间点for时间时间段段 since 2000=for years(3)since+从句从句(常常用一般过去时用一般过去时)The Greens have lived in Beijing since they moved to Beijing
12、from Paris(4)It is/has been+一段时间一段时间+since 从句从句.自从某事发生已有一段时间了自从某事发生已有一段时间了.It is/has been two years since my brother joined the army.一、用一、用for和和since填空。填空。_three hours_three oclock_two days_yesterday afternoon_I came here_last Sunday_a week_a long time_1997 _two weeks_three years ago _ last monthfor
13、sinceforsincesincesinceforforsinceforsincesince用用forfor和和sincesince填空填空1.They have been learning Chinese _ they came to China.2.I havent seen her _ a long time.3.He has been living here _ 2001.4.She has been doing her homework _ two hours.5.Its 5 years _ we left school.6.How long has Mary been a tea
14、cher?_ two years ago.sinceforsinceforsinceSince三、非延续性动词与现在完成时三、非延续性动词与现在完成时短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用，这些短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用，这些动词是：动词是：become,begin,buy,borrow,arrive,come,die,fall,finish,get to know,go,join,leave,marry等。等。为了表述这种意思，我们常用相应的延续性动词为了表述这种意思，我们常用相应的延续性动词have，keep等来代替非延续性动词。等来代替非延续性动词。他入党五年了。
15、他入党五年了。He joined the Party five years ago.He has been in the Party for five years.He has been a Party member for five years.it is five years since he joined the Party电影开始五分钟了。电影开始五分钟了。The film began five minutes ago.The film has been on for five minutes.It is five minutes since the film began 第一类第一类
16、：动词：动词 be+adj.die finish open/close fall ill/asleep marry sb/get married to 第二类第二类：动词：动词 be+介词介词.start/begin leave join be deadbe away from be in/be a member ofbe open/closedbe onbe overbe ill/asleepbe married to 第三类第三类：动词：动词 另一个动词另一个动词 buy borrow get/begin to延续性延续性v.become put on eg.keephavebe延续性延续
17、性v.wear His father died 2 years ago.The football match began at 9:00a.m.The twins joined the army when they were 18 years old.My teacher left Nanjing 3 days ago.His father has been dead for 2 years/since two years.The football match has been on since 9:00 a.m.The twins have been soldiers/in the army
18、、members of the army since they were 18years old.My teacher has been away from Nanjing for 3 days/since 3 days ago.1 beginbe on6 returnbe back2 leavebe away from7 joinbe in3 gobe off8 diebe dead4 borrowkeep9 buyhave5 comebe here10 arrivebe here10 reachbe here11put onwear13catch a coldhave a cold14op
19、enbe open15closebe closed17end/finishbe over16becomebe12fall asleepbe asleep注意点四：注意点四：have been in,have been to 与与have gone to 的用法的用法1、have(has)been in 表示表示“在某地（多长时间）在某地（多长时间）”，现在仍在那里。常与表，现在仍在那里。常与表示一段时间的状语连用。例如：示一段时间的状语连用。例如：Mr.Brown has been in Shanghai for three days.布朗来上海已经有三天了。布朗来上海已经有三天了。They
20、have been in Canada for five years.他们到加拿大有五年了。他们到加拿大有五年了。2、have(has)been to表示表示“曾经去过某地曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了。可与，现在已经不在那里了。可与just,ever,never等连用，例如：等连用，例如：I have just been to the post office.我刚才去邮局了。我刚才去邮局了。Mary has never been to the Great Wall.玛丽从未去过长城。玛丽从未去过长城。Have you ever been to Hangzhou before?你以前曾经去
21、过杭州吗？你以前曾经去过杭州吗？Have(has)been to 后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。例如：后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。例如：They have been to that village several times.他们去过那个村庄好几次了。他们去过那个村庄好几次了。3、have(has)gone to 意为意为“到某地去了到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，例如：中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，例如：-Where is Tom?-He has gone to the bookshop.他到书店去了。他到书店去了。
22、Jack Johnson has gone to London.杰克杰克.约翰逊到伦敦去了。约翰逊到伦敦去了。have/has been to和和have/has gone to 的用法区别的用法区别 1“Have/has been to+地名地名”表示曾经去过某地，说话时已经回到说话地点，常与once、twice、ever、never 等时间连用。2“have/has gone to+地名地名”表示去某地了，现在没有回来，人不在说话地点。巧记巧记：been to been to，gone togone to 意不同，两者用法要记清；意不同，两者用法要记清；have been tohave b
23、een to+地名，曾经到过某地行；地名，曾经到过某地行；have gone tohave gone to+地点，到某地去了。地点，到某地去了。用have/has been to和和have/has gone to填空 Hi，Lucy，you ever Beijing？No，I .What about your sister，Lily？Oh，she Chengdu，she will come back next week.Ok，thanks.Youre welcome.have been to haventhas gone to试一试，用所给词的正确形式填空1 I （live）here sin
24、ce I was ten years old.2 I （live）here in 1998.3-you your breakfast？-Yes，I have.-When you it？-30 minutes ago.注意现在完成时的几个特殊方面：（一）现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 have livedlived Have haddid have 现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在产生现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在产生的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况。所以它不能和表示过去时的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况。所以它不能和表示过去时间状语连用；而一般过去时只单纯表示过
25、去的动作或状态，和现间状语连用；而一般过去时只单纯表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系，可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。在不发生关系，可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。一）现在完成时与一般过去时的句型转换eg：I have studied English for three years -I studied English three years ago -It is three years since I studied English注意点一：注意点一：现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续到现在甚至会继续下去或表示现在完成时表示过去的
26、动作一直延续到现在甚至会继续下去或表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响；一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过去的动作对现在造成的影响；一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过去。现在完成时属于现在时态范围，因此，不能和表示过去的时过去。现在完成时属于现在时态范围，因此，不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。间状语连用。如：如：yesterday,last night,two weeks ago等等 试比较：试比较：The plane has arrived.飞机已经来了。（说明现在的情况：飞机飞机已经来了。（说明现在的情况：飞机在这儿）在这儿）The plane arrived a quarter ago.飞机是一刻中
27、以前来的。（强飞机是一刻中以前来的。（强调动作发生的时间在过去）调动作发生的时间在过去）I have taught here for fifteen years.我在这儿已经教了十五年。我在这儿已经教了十五年。（表示十五年前的动作一直延续到现在，还可能会继续。）（表示十五年前的动作一直延续到现在，还可能会继续。）I taught here for a year.我过去在这儿教过一年。（表示我过去在这儿教过一年。（表示“我我“现现在已经不在这儿任教了）在已经不在这儿任教了）动词的过去分词的规则变化，在动词后加ed，规则变化有以下四种：原形+ed 如：worked,passed 词尾是e时，直接加
28、d 如：liked lived若词尾为“辅音字母加y”，则改y为i加ed。词尾 为“元音字母+y”时，直接加d；如:played stayed studied cried 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节是，双写最后一个辅音字母加ed.如：stopped dropped 动词的过去分词的规则变化不规则动词的过去式以及过去分词巧记规律 AAA:put put put letlet let ABA:becomebecamebecome ABB:standstoodstood ABC:eat ateeatenAAA cost-cost-cost read-read-read put-put-put
29、cut-cut-cut let-let-let set-set-set beat-beat-beat hit-hit-hit hurt-hurt-hurt spit-spit-spit rid-rid-rid 一、原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同的单词，结尾字母一般是t或d。特殊：动词read的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一致，read-read-read，但发音分别是ri:d-red-red。有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的:run-ran-runcome-came-come become-became-becomeovercome-overcame-overcomeABA原型原型
30、过去式过去式过去分词过去分词例词例词-eep-ept-eptkeep,sweep,sleep-ell-old-oldsell,tell-d-t-tlend,spend,send,build-ay-aid-aidsay,pay,lay-n-nt-ntburn,learn,mean-ee-e-e-meet,feed-ought-oughtbring,buy,fight,think-aught-aughtcatch,teachABB(含规则动词含规则动词)1.另有一些其它形式的变化。have(has)-had-had leave-left-leftlose-lost-lost make-made-m
31、adefeel-felt-felt spell-spelt-spelt stand-stood-stood2.改变单词中间元音字母。sit-sat-sat(babysit)win-won-wonshine-shone-shone hold-held-heldfind-found-found hear-heard-heardhang-hung(hanged)-hung(hanged)ABB(含规则动词含规则动词)ABC原型原型过去式过去式过去分过去分词词例词例词-eak-oke-okenbreak,speak-eal-ole-olensteal-ear-ore-ornwear,bear,tear
32、-ow（aw）-ew-owngrow,blow,know,throw,draw-i-a-u-sink,swim,drink,ring,sing,begin-i-o-ndrive,rise,ride,writeABC有些动词的过去分词是在原形词尾加n或en，变成以en结尾的单词。take-took-taken give-gave-givenfall-fell-fallen eat-ate-eatenwrite-wrote-written speak-spoke-spokenfreeze-froze-frozen ride-rode-ridden get-got-gotten(got)forget
33、-forgot-forgotten(forgot)特殊：am/is-was-been are-were-been,do(does)-did-done go-went-gonesee-saw-seen show-showed-shown(showed)lie-lay(lied)-lain(lied)1、书籍是朋友,虽然没有热情,但是非常忠实。2022年11月8日星期二2022-11-82022-11-82022-11-82、科学的灵感，决不是坐等可以等来的。如果说，科学上的发现有什么偶然的机遇的话，那么这种偶然的机遇只能给那些学有素养的人，给那些善于独立思考的人，给那些具有锲而不舍的人。2022年11月2022-11-82022-11-82022-11-811/8/20223、书籍通过心灵观察世界的窗口.住宅里没有书,犹如房间里没有窗户。2022-11-82022-11-88 November 20224、享受阅读快乐，提高生活质量。2022-11-82022-11-82022-11-82022-11-8 谢谢观赏谢谢观赏 You made my day!You made my day!我们，还在我们，还在路路上上
