1、Efficient and Effective Listening and Reading Teaching Objectives,Tasks and Process School of Foreign Languages Southwest University 1谢谢你的观看谢谢你的观看 联合国教科文组织（UNESCO=United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization）曾对外语教学质量提出了“5个因素和一个公式”教学质量教学质量（？分）=学生（1分）+教材（2分）+环境（4分）+教法（3分）教师素质教师素质（？）
2、2谢谢你的观看谢谢你的观看 Whats a teachers job?A teachers job is to help students learn.Good teachers care more about their students learning than they do about their own teaching.3谢谢你的观看谢谢你的观看Tell me and I forget Show me and I understand Involve me and I remember4谢谢你的观看谢谢你的观看 An objective is what the students
3、will be able to do at the end that they are not be able to do at the beginning.Objectives state what students will do by the end of a lesson.Objective must be specific and clear.5谢谢你的观看谢谢你的观看 efficient:producing a satisfactory result without wasting time or energy effective:producing the intended re
4、sult your objectives 6谢谢你的观看谢谢你的观看 教学的有效性指标教学的有效性指标 学生的学习学生的学习学习速度学习结果学习体验学习特定内容所花费时间。时间少，效率高。经过学习学生所发生的变化、进步和取得的成绩过程兴趣结果兴趣不知到知；从知少到知多；不会到会；不能到能7谢谢你的观看谢谢你的观看综合语言综合语言运用能力运用能力情感态度情感态度学习策略学习策略文化意识文化意识语言技能语言技能语言知识语言知识国际视野国际视野祖国意识祖国意识合作精神合作精神自信意志自信意志兴趣动机兴趣动机交际策略交际策略资源策略资源策略调控策略调控策略认知策略认知策略跨文化交际跨文化交际文化理解文
5、化理解文化知识文化知识话题话题功能功能语法语法词汇词汇语音语音写写读读说说听听8谢谢你的观看谢谢你的观看Overall Language Ability(Integrative language use)1.Language knowledge Phonetics Grammar Vocabulary Functions Topics2.Language skills Listening Speaking Reading Writing9谢谢你的观看谢谢你的观看3.Affect(Values&attitudes)International perspectives Patriotism Con
6、fidence Motivation4.Learning strategies Communicative Resourcing Meta-cognitive(self-management)Cognitive5.Cultural awareness Knowledge Understanding Awareness10谢谢你的观看谢谢你的观看 义务教育阶段英语的课程目标义务教育阶段英语的课程目标 激发和培养学生学习英语的兴趣兴趣，使学生树立自信心自信心，养成良好的学习习惯学习习惯和形成有效的学习策略学习策略，发展自主学习自主学习的能力和合作精神合作精神；使学生掌握一定的英语基础知识和听、说、
7、读、写技能，形成一定的综综合语言运用能力合语言运用能力；培养学生的观察、记忆、思维、想象能力和创新精神；帮助学生了解世界和中西方文化的差异，拓展视野，培养爱国主义精神，形成健康的人生观，为他们终身学习和发展打下良好的基础。11谢谢你的观看谢谢你的观看 Teaching goals of 2001 National English Curriculum for Nine-year Compulsory Education The main task is to stimulate and cultivate students interest and their confidence in le
8、arning the language,help them develop good learning habits and form effective learning strategies,facilitate autonomy and cooperative spirit in learning;12谢谢你的观看谢谢你的观看 enable students to master basic English language knowledge and skills in listening,speaking,reading and writing so that they form su
9、fficient competence in using the language;cultivate students abilities to observe,to memorise,to think,to imagine and to create;13谢谢你的观看谢谢你的观看 increase their awareness of the cultural differences between the East and the West,enlarge their vision,cultivate their patriotic spirit,and help them form h
10、ealthy views about life.On the basis of all the above,we lay basis for their life-long learning.14谢谢你的观看谢谢你的观看How can we integrate the four skills?1）简单综合(Simple integration)The easiest form of integration is within the same medium(either oral or written),from receptive to productive skills.15谢谢你的观看谢
11、谢你的观看 接受性技能 产出性技能 receptive productiveOral Medium 听 说Written Medium 读 写 A receptive language skill serves as a model for a productive language skill.In other words,we use a listening text as a model for the students speaking,and a reading text as a model for the students writing.16谢谢你的观看谢谢你的观看2）复杂综合
12、(Complex integration)Complex integration is a combination of activities involving different skills,linked thematically.It involves constructing a series of activities that use a variety of skills.17谢谢你的观看谢谢你的观看Listen,read and sayMr.Lee:Hey,Bruce.You look pale.Whats the matter?Bruce:Well,I have a hea
13、dache and a cough.Mr.Lee:Im sorry to hear that.Maybe you have the flu.Bruce:Oh,Im feeling terrible!Mr.Lee:Youd better go to see a doctor.Shall I take you to the hospital?Bruce:No,thank you.Ill take some medicine and see how it goes.18谢谢你的观看谢谢你的观看Analyze the objectives of a listening and speaking cla
14、ss(dialogue)1)Instructional objectives A.Language knowledge a.A particular topic b.Vocabulary 19谢谢你的观看谢谢你的观看 c.A structure d.Functions e.Phonetics B.Skills Listening,speaking,reading,writing What skills will be developed?Which skill will be practised most?20谢谢你的观看谢谢你的观看2)Educational objectives A.Aff
15、ect confidence,motivation，healthy views about life B.Learning strategy Communicative,resourcing,meta-cognitive (self-management),cognitive C.Cultural awareness knowledge,understanding,awareness3)Personal objectives Aspects of our own teaching we want to develop or improve.21谢谢你的观看谢谢你的观看听力技能的教学 35级教学
16、目的：增强对不同话语情景的识别能力，获取信息主旨大意，了解简单的具体事实、理解一定的逻辑关系以及事物发展的时间和空间顺序等，理解说话人的意图和态度。22谢谢你的观看谢谢你的观看35级 听关键信息；听懂并执行指示语；听懂大意和主题；确定事物的发展顺序或逻辑关系；预测；理解说话人的意图和态度；评价所听内容。23谢谢你的观看谢谢你的观看听前活动 听前活动热身活动；熟悉话题；熟悉相关词语和句型；接受背景信息；提出需要解决的问题；明确具体任务。24谢谢你的观看谢谢你的观看听的活动 听信息，排顺序；听信息，列项目；听信息，补全文字；听并画图；听并制作；听并填空；听写；听并记笔记；听指令，完成系列动作；听并
17、选择；听并匹配。25谢谢你的观看谢谢你的观看听后活动 口头回答问题；小组讨论；模拟对话；复述或转述所听内容；作出书面回应；总结要点；改编所听内容；表达个人感受和观点。26谢谢你的观看谢谢你的观看口语技能的教学 35 级教学目的：就简单的话题提供和交流信息，乐于表达个人观点和态度，逐步掌握倾听和呼应的技能，把握谈话线索和轮次，有效询问信息和澄清意思，获取帮助，解决力所能及的实际生活问题。27谢谢你的观看谢谢你的观看35级 引出话题；维持交谈；插话；转移话题；话轮转换；引起注意；澄清意思；请求澄清；表示倾听和理解；预示和结束谈话；利用语音、语调表达意思。28谢谢你的观看谢谢你的观看说前活动 阅读背
18、景信息；激活表达动机；呈现情景与环境；熟悉话题和语境；语言准备；明确对话任务。29谢谢你的观看谢谢你的观看说的活动 表演情景对话；模拟情景对话；短剧表演；小组讨论；全班讨论；演讲；简短报告；讲故事；接续故事；复述故事；相互补充信息。30谢谢你的观看谢谢你的观看说后活动 列出要点和细节；写出要点；转述信息。31谢谢你的观看谢谢你的观看Li Lei:Sam,what are you going to do tomorrow?Sam:Nothing much.Why?Li Lei:Were going to watch a football game.Would you like to come t
19、oo?Sam:Id love to!What kind of football,American or soccer?Li Lei:Soccer.But we dont call it soccer in China.We call it football.32谢谢你的观看谢谢你的观看a.sports(football)Topic b.football game,American football,soccer Vocabulary c.the usage of“to be going to do something”Grammar d.making an invitation(Would y
20、ou like to come)and accepting an invitation(Id love to)Function e.the linkage of a consonant with a vowel sound(“what are”,“would you”)Pronunciation 33谢谢你的观看谢谢你的观看 f.facial expressions,hand movements,etc.Non-verbal communication g.making a pre-invitation before the real invitation(what are you going
21、 to do tomorrow?)Conversation technique h.how the word“football”is understood by Chinese learners of English and by Americans.Culture information 34谢谢你的观看谢谢你的观看A dialogue from Go For It!Why do you like koala bears?A:Lets see the koala bears.B:Why do you like koala bears?A:Because theyre very cute.B:
22、Well,I like dolphins.A:Why do you like dolphins?B:Because theyre kind of interesting.35谢谢你的观看谢谢你的观看1.Topic:About animals2.Vocabulary:words concerning animals names of animals description words3.Structure:Wh-question with simple present tense which focuses on reasons 4.Functions:describing animals,ex
23、pressing preferences and giving reasons5.Skill:Four skills,mainly listening and speaking36谢谢你的观看谢谢你的观看课程目标的描述应使用行为动词课程目标的描述应使用行为动词学生能够运用本课所学词汇和学生能够运用本课所学词汇和语言结构，通过什么方式或运语言结构，通过什么方式或运用何种策略，完成什么事情用何种策略，完成什么事情。37谢谢你的观看谢谢你的观看 了解了解/理解知识：理解知识：排列、选择、找出、命名、标示、辨认、阐述、说/答出具体事实、名称、地点、事件等；运用知识和发展技能：运用知识和发展技能：描述，
24、复述，讲述，询问，说明，推测，表演，展示，举例说明，想像，创造，表达个人见解，写出，改编 38谢谢你的观看谢谢你的观看 认知和思维能力以及文化意识的发展认知和思维能力以及文化意识的发展：分类、比较、归纳与概括、区分、举分类、比较、归纳与概括、区分、举例、推理、判断等例、推理、判断等 在学习过程中发展何种情感、态度，在学习过程中发展何种情感、态度，尝试运用何种策略尝试运用何种策略 39谢谢你的观看谢谢你的观看 What?How?Why?Whether?40谢谢你的观看谢谢你的观看41谢谢你的观看谢谢你的观看 Layout of a lesson plan School_ Junior or Se
25、nior Section_Class _ Grade _Size _ Time_ Date _Materials _ Type of lesson_Contents:1.Vocabulary 2.Structure/grammar/phonetics 3.Dialogue/Reading/Writing42谢谢你的观看谢谢你的观看Objectives:1.Instructional objectives(language knowledge and language skills)1)2)2.Educational objectives(affect,learning strategy and
26、 cultural awareness)1)2)3.Personal objectivesFocal points:Difficult points:Aids:43谢谢你的观看谢谢你的观看Procedures and Time Allotment 1.Getting ready for learning 2.Revision (minutes)3.Presentation (minutes)4.Drills (minutes)Types of drill:There are several types of drill you can use 1)Choral repetition(whole
27、 class together)2)Groups A and B(dividing the class in half)3)Rows or lines 44谢谢你的观看谢谢你的观看 4)Teams 5)Boys or girls 6)Ripple drill:A-A+B-A+B+C-A+B+C+D 7)Back-chaining 8)Chain drills 45谢谢你的观看谢谢你的观看 4.Practice (minutes)5.Production/Consolidation (minutes)1)Oral work 2)Written work 6.Assigning homework
28、1)Conclusion 2)Homework Self-evaluation46谢谢你的观看谢谢你的观看What are the Major Listening Skills?1)Predicting what people are going to talk about.2)Guessing at unknown words or phrases.3)Listening for gist.4)Listening for specific information.5)Listening for detailed information.47谢谢你的观看谢谢你的观看6)Inferring7)U
29、nderstanding different intonation patterns,and uses of stress,etc,which give clues to meaning and social setting.8)Retaining relevant points(note-taking,summarising)48谢谢你的观看谢谢你的观看9)Using ones own knowledge of the subject to help one understand.10)Recognising discourse markers,e.g.well.oh,another thi
30、ng is,and Now,finally11)Recognising cohesive devices,e.g.such as,which,including link words,pronouns,references,etc.49谢谢你的观看谢谢你的观看What are the principles for good lesson planning?1.Variety Variety means planning a number of different types of activities and where possible introducing students to a w
31、ide selection of materials so that learning is always interesting,motivating and never monotonous for the students.50谢谢你的观看谢谢你的观看2.Flexibility Flexibility means planning to use a number of different methods and techniques rather than being a slave to one methodology.This will make teaching and learn
32、ing more effective and more efficient.51谢谢你的观看谢谢你的观看3.Learnability Learnability means the contents and tasks planned for the lesson should be within the learning capability of the students.The things should not be too easy either.Doing things that are beyond or below the students coping ability will diminish their motivation.52谢谢你的观看谢谢你的观看4.Linkage Linkage means the stages and the steps within each stage are planned in such a way that they are somehow linked with one another.Language learning needs recycling and reinforcement.53谢谢你的观看谢谢你的观看
