1、Lesson 1 Visiting BritainUnit 12 Culture ShockObjectivesTo practise using verbs+-ing form or infinitives.To practise reading a text and identifying paragraph topics.To get familiar with some Britain culture about food,tipping,money,accommodation and humour.Pre-reading1.What do you know about Britain
2、 and the British people?The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland consists ofEngland,Scotland,Wales and Northern Ireland.ScotlandEnglandWalesNorthern IrelandMap of the UKWalesGreat Britain&northern Irelandthe UK(Britain)ScotlandEnglandCardiff Cardiff Edinburgh:the capital of Scotland;
3、Belfast:the capital of Northern Ireland;Cardiff:the capital of Wales;London:the capital of England.Elizabeth II:the Queen of the United Kingdom Theresa Mary May:the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Where is Great Britain?Great Britain is an island lying off the western coast of Europe,comprising
4、 the main territory of the United Kingdom.What is Great Britain?Great Britain is the official name given to the two kingdoms of England and Scotland,and the principality of Wales.Is Great Britain the same as the UK?No,Great Britain and the United Kingdom refer to different areas.Great Britain is ver
5、y often,but incorrectly,used as a synonym for the sovereign state properly known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland or the UK for short.Great BritainUnited KingdomThe UK includes Great Britain and Northern Ireland.EnglandWalesScotlandGreat Britain has an area of 229,850 km(8
6、8,745 sq.mi.)and is the largest island of the British Isles.Is Great Britain the same as Britain?Sometimes people use the shorten name Britain instead of Great Britain,to mean the same thing,but really Britain only refers to England and Wales.The name Britain goes back to Roman times when they calle
7、d England and Wales“Britannia”.The Roman province of Britannia only covered the areas of modern England and Wales.The area of modern Scotland was never finally conquered.AberdeenLiverpoolCambridgeCambridge UniversityOxford University of OxfordBirminghamManchesterEdinburghLondonBig BenHouses of Parli
8、amentthe River ThamesTrafalgar SquareThe Tower BridgeSt Pauls CathedralBuckingham PalaceThe British people are said to be reserved in manners,dress and speech.British PeopleThey are famous for their politeness,self-discipline and especially for their sense of humor.Basic politeness(please,thank you,
9、excuse me)is expected.Greetings in BritainThe British are quite reserved when greeting one another.A greeting can be a bright Hello Hi or Good morning,when arriving at work or at school.A handshake is the most common form of greeting among the British.The usual formal greeting is a How do you do?and
10、 a firm handshake,but with a lighter touch between men and women.British food has traditionally been based on beef,lamb,pork,chicken and fish and generally served with potatoes and one other vegetable.The most common and typical foods eaten in Britain include the sandwich,fish and chips,pies like th
11、e cornish pasty,trifle and roasts dinners.The staple foods of Britain are meat,fish,potatoes,flour,butter and eggs.Many of their dishes are based on these foods.British FoodDOs in BritainDo stand in line.Do take your hat off when you go indoors.Do say“Excuse Me”“Please”“Thank you”and“Sorry”.Do shake
12、 hands.Do cover your mouth when yawning or coughing.Do smile.Do drive on the left side of the road.Do open doors for other people.DONTS in BritainDo not greet people with a kiss.Do not talk loudly in public.Do not stare at anyone in public.Do not ask a lady her age.Do not pick your nose in public.Do
13、 not spit.Do not burp in public.Do not pass wind in public text.Do not speak with your mouth full of food.Do not ask personal or intimate questions.A quiz about the UK1.How many countries does the UK consist of?A.two B.three C.four2.How long does it take to fly from Beijing to London Heal throw Airp
14、ort?A.About six hours B.About ten hours C.About sixteen hoursCB3.Who rules the country:the Prime Minister or the Queen?A.The Queen B.The Prime Minister C.both4.What are the provinces called in England?A.counties B.departments C.provinces5.Which is the longest river in England?A.The River Avon B.The
15、River Thames C.The River SevenBABWhat does the text mainly introduce?humortipaccommodationfoodVisit BritainmoneyReading1.Read the letter and decide if the sentences below are true(T)or false(F).1)You can only eat English food in London.2)Aunt Mei is visiting for one week.3)You dont always need to le
16、ave a tip after a meal in a restaurant.FTT4)Some British mushrooms arent safe to eat.5)British people never laugh.6)There are many Chinese restaurants in Britain.7)Most British are friendly.8)It is always foggy in London.TFTTF2.Answer the following questions.1)Why does the writer think London an int
17、ernational city?Because there are people from all over the world living in London and as a result there are many international restaurants.2)What do British people eat for breakfast?Bacon and eggs with a few slices of toast.3)Whats the writers suggestion to his aunt about tipping?4)Why does the writ
18、er ask his aunt not to forget a warm coat?He suggests leaving 10%of the bill for the waiter or waitress if a tip is not included in the bill.Because it can get pretty cold and foggy in Britain.Summary Aunt Mei is coming to London for the first time.In a letter from Xiaojin,who has been in London for
19、 1._,she has been told what she can expect to find.Firstly,2._.People there normally have 3._ and eggs with a few slices of toast for 4._ even though there are many Chinese restaurants in Britain.6 months the food bacon breakfast Secondly,5._.It is proper to leave 10%of the 6._ as a tip if it is not
20、 included in the bill.Thirdly,places to visit.It is well worth spending some nights in the English 7._ where they may pick some 8._ for breakfast.Finally,British humour.British humour is hard to understand.The British find 9._ funny,but the majority of them are really 10._.tipping bill countryside m
21、ushrooms the strangest things friendly Paraphrase1.I dont know what your expectations are of London,but knowing that youve never travelled outside of Asia,I thought Id tell you a bit about what you can expect to find.参考译文参考译文 我不知道您对伦敦有什么我不知道您对伦敦有什么期望，但是我知道您从来没有到亚洲期望，但是我知道您从来没有到亚洲以外的地方旅游过，所以我想告诉您以外的地
22、方旅游过，所以我想告诉您一些您可能看到的情况。一些您可能看到的情况。(1)but 连接的两个并列句组成；连接的两个并列句组成；(2)第一个并列句中由第一个并列句中由what引导的名词性引导的名词性从句作宾语；在本句中，从句作宾语；在本句中，of London的的正常位置在正常位置在are的前面，还原为：的前面，还原为：I dont know what your expectations of London are，由于宾语从句的谓语动词，由于宾语从句的谓语动词are太短，太短，故而将其提前，放在了故而将其提前，放在了of London的前面。的前面。Structure analysisStru
23、cture analysis(3)第二个并列句中含有一个现在分词第二个并列句中含有一个现在分词结构结构knowing that youve never travelled outside of Asia作原因状语，作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句相当于原因状语从句since I know that youve never travelled outside of Asia。2.To avoid getting confused about the British tipping system,you need to check your bill to see if a tip is inclu
24、ded or not.为了避免为英国的小费体制感到困惑，为了避免为英国的小费体制感到困惑，您需要查看一下帐单，确认小费是否已您需要查看一下帐单，确认小费是否已包含在帐单中。包含在帐单中。Structure analysisStructure analysis(1)主句的主谓结构是主句的主谓结构是 you need to check your bill；(2)to see if.作作check your bill 的目的的目的状语，其中状语，其中if a tip is included or not是是名词性从句，作名词性从句，作see的宾语；的宾语；(3)To avoid getting co
25、nfused about the British tipping system 作全句的目的状作全句的目的状语。语。3.I think we should consider staying in the English countryside for a few nights as I know you enjoy hiking.我知道您喜欢远足，所以我想我们应该我知道您喜欢远足，所以我想我们应该在英国的乡村住几晚。在英国的乡村住几晚。Structure analysisStructure analysis(1)主句的谓语动词主句的谓语动词think后面是一个宾后面是一个宾语从句；语从句；(2
26、)as引导了一个原因状语从句。引导了一个原因状语从句。Language points1.I certainly owe you an apology for not writing more often.owe 在此处作及物动词，表示在此处作及物动词，表示“欠（债欠（债等等)”，常用于，常用于owe sb sth,owe sth to sb结构。结构。又如：又如：He still owes me seven hundred dollars.=He still owes seven hundred dollars to me.他还欠我七百美元。他还欠我七百美元。owe还可表示还可表示“把把归功于
27、；感激归功于；感激”等含义等含义。如：。如：He owed his success to his parents and teachers.他把自己的成功归功于他的父母和老他把自己的成功归功于他的父母和老师。师。I owe my teachers and parents a great deal.我非常感激我的父母和老师。我非常感激我的父母和老师。1)owing to意为意为“由于；因为由于；因为”，后接名，后接名词或代词表示原因，与词或代词表示原因，与due to 用法相近。用法相近。它既可以作状语也可以作表语。它既可以作状语也可以作表语。如：如：Owing to the heavy rai
28、n,the match was put off.由于下大雨，比赛延期举行。由于下大雨，比赛延期举行。It was owing to their carelessness that they made such a big mistake.正是由于他们的粗心大意，他们犯下了正是由于他们的粗心大意，他们犯下了这么大的错误。这么大的错误。Further studyFurther study2)与与owe形似的单词形似的单词own作动词表示作动词表示“拥拥有有”，注意区分二者的不同形态注意区分二者的不同形态：owe own过去式过去式 owed owned过去分词过去分词 owed owned现在分词
29、现在分词 owing owning第三人称单数第三人称单数 owes owns(1)(1)由于他的粗心，他没有通过考试。由于他的粗心，他没有通过考试。(2)(2)史密斯先生还欠我史密斯先生还欠我10001000美元。美元。(3)(3)他认为自己是靠自己的能力成功的。他认为自己是靠自己的能力成功的。(4)(4)我们老板拥有五辆汽车。我们老板拥有五辆汽车。Owing to his carelessness,he failed in the exam.Mr.Smith still owes me 1,000 dollars.He owed his success to his own ability
30、.Our boss owns five cars.Exercise：2.Ive just been so busy studying and trying to absorb all the new things around me I think Im still experiencing culture shock.absorb在此处作及物动词，表示在此处作及物动词，表示“吸收吸收/理解理解(知识等知识等)”。Too much information was given out at the meeting;I couldnt absorb it at once.会议上给出的信息太多了，我
31、没有办法会议上给出的信息太多了，我没有办法一下子全部理解。一下子全部理解。absorb还可以表示还可以表示“承受；经受承受；经受”。如：如：Last year,our company absorbed a 7m loss because of the failed plan.因为那个失败的方案，我们公司去年承因为那个失败的方案，我们公司去年承受了七百万英镑的损失。受了七百万英镑的损失。absorb 还常与还常与in连用，表示连用，表示“使全神贯使全神贯注注”。如：如：He was so absorbed in his task that he didnt notice dusk approac
32、hing.他全神贯注于自己的任务，以至于没有他全神贯注于自己的任务，以至于没有发现黄昏的来临。发现黄昏的来临。(1)我们应该种植更多的树木来吸收污染。我们应该种植更多的树木来吸收污染。We should plant more trees to absorb the pollution.(2)理解了被告知的内容后，她变得很生气。理解了被告知的内容后，她变得很生气。Having absorbed what is said to her,she became very angry.(3)我进屋的时候，他正在全神贯注地看书。我进屋的时候，他正在全神贯注地看书。When I entered the ro
33、om,he was absorbed in the book.Exercise：3.Youre going to have to get used to bacon and eggs with a few slices of toast for breakfast over here,Aunt Mei!get used to表示表示“习惯于做某事习惯于做某事/适应某适应某物或某事物或某事”。此处的。此处的to是一个介词，其是一个介词，其后要接名词或动名词。后要接名词或动名词。Dont worry.You will soon get used to the climate here.别担心，你很
34、快就会适应这里的气候的。别担心，你很快就会适应这里的气候的。Further study get used to强调动作；强调动作；be used to与其意与其意思相近，强调状态。思相近，强调状态。Exercise 改正下面句中的错误：改正下面句中的错误：He has already got used to talk with the foreigners in English.talk 改为改为 talking 4.Were certainly more used to Chinese humour so dont be surprised if you hear laughter when
35、 you dont think anythings funny.laughter 作不可数名词，表示作不可数名词，表示“大笑；笑大笑；笑声声”。burst into laughter 突然大笑起来突然大笑起来a burst of laughter 一阵笑声一阵笑声with laughter 带着笑声带着笑声smile,laugh,laughter 辨析：辨析：1)smile表示表示“微笑微笑”，用作名词时，是，用作名词时，是一个可数名词；一个可数名词；laugh表示表示“大笑大笑”，用，用作名词时，是一个可数名词；作名词时，是一个可数名词；laughter意意为为“大笑大笑”，只能用作不可数名
36、词。，只能用作不可数名词。2)laugh at可表示可表示“因因而笑而笑”“嘲笑嘲笑”等含义；等含义；smile at 表示表示“向向微笑微笑”。She is always smiling at others.她总是微笑待人。她总是微笑待人。She has a big smile on her face.她满面微笑。她满面微笑。Dont laugh at others.不要嘲笑别人。不要嘲笑别人。He laughed at all the difficulties.面对困难，他一笑置之。面对困难，他一笑置之。She gave a loud laugh over the joke.听了这个笑话，
37、她大笑起来。听了这个笑话，她大笑起来。Hearing the joke,she burst into laughter.听了这个笑话，她大笑起来。听了这个笑话，她大笑起来。smile,laugh,laughter填空：填空：(1)The waiter always greets the customers with happy _.(2)Dont _ at others when they make a mistake.(3)There was a loud burst of _ in the meeting room.smiles laugh laughter V.ing Form or I
38、nfinitiveGrammarGrammarV.ing Form or Infinitive1.Look at the blue verbs in the text and classify the verbs below into the correct columns.expect,risk,refuse,avoid,advise,suggest,need,enjoy,consider,affordVerbs+infinitiveVerbs+-ing formexpect,refuse,advise,need,affordrisk,avoid,suggest,enjoy,consider
39、Verbs followed by ing form:cant help,dislike,avoid,consider,finish,suggest,deny,give up,imagine,put off,risk,mind,keep,miss,enjoy,cant stand,fancy,admit,delayVerbs followed by the infinitive:decide,refuse,learn,ask,tell,fail,choose,promise,expect,wish,intend,manage,pretend,agree,help,arrange,afford,
40、plan,would like/love/prefer,persuade,seem,appear,offer,attemptVerbs followed by both:begin,start,continue,intend,hate,like,love,prefer,remember,forget,regret,mean,try,stop,need/want2.Write the verbs in brackets in their correct form.If you are planning(1)_(come)to Poland as a tourist,you will have p
41、lenty of interesting places to choose from.People who enjoy(2)_(hike)should consider(3)_(go)to the mountains,in the south of Poland.You dont have to book accommodation in advance as you will certainly manage(4)_(find)a local person who will offer(5)_(put)you up at a very reasonable price.to comehiki
42、ngto findto putgoingIf you love(6)_(sail)and you dont mind(7)_(be)bitten by mosquitoes,you can go to the lakes in the northeast.You can either choose(8)_(stay)on a boat or go camping and practise(9)_(cook)on an open fire next to a lake.sailingbeingto staycookingThe coast in Poland is cold but its be
43、autiful.If you cant stand(10)_(stay)in a crowded seaside town or cant afford(11)_(pay)for a big hotel,arrange(12)_(stay)in one of the many small coastal villages.You certainly wont risk(13)_(meet)too many people if you decide(14)_(go)for a long walk along the beach.stayingto payto staymeetingto go1.
44、We discussed it for a long time and in the end he _ to go to the festival.A.agreed B.offered C.gave up2.When I _ going to the cinema,he said he preferred the theatre.A.asked B.refused C.suggested3.If you live abroad for some time,you will _ losing old friends in your homeland.A.risk B.put off C.fail
45、3.Tick the possible answers.A/BCA4.It wasnt easy but we _ to get an interview with the Queen.A.gave up B.managed C.failed5.I think you should _ studying medicine.You should make an excellent physician.A.decide B.consider C.agree6.The theatre was so small that they _ to let in any more people.A.stopp
46、ed B.refused C.gave upBBB不定式和不定式和-ing形式作动词宾语形式作动词宾语一、只可跟动词一、只可跟动词-ing形式作宾语的及物形式作宾语的及物动词动词.归纳归纳 imagine,fancy,cant help,dislike,avoid,finish,suggest,give up,risk,mind,keep,miss,enjoy,cant stand,admit,put off,practise等动词或词组通等动词或词组通常只跟动词常只跟动词-ing形式作宾语。形式作宾语。Fancy having a fool like that for a husband!试
47、想找这么一个傻瓜做丈夫试想找这么一个傻瓜做丈夫!Between astonishment and joy,she couldnt help bursting into tears.她惊喜交集她惊喜交集,禁不住放声大哭起来。禁不住放声大哭起来。“Would you mind my coming with you?”he asked,before I had finished speaking.“我跟你一道走，你不介意吧？我跟你一道走，你不介意吧？”我还没有我还没有说完他就问道。说完他就问道。根据提示翻译句子：根据提示翻译句子：(1)你不能再这样变化无常了，最好你不能再这样变化无常了，最好现在就拿
48、定主意现在就拿定主意!(keep doing)You shouldnt keep changing like this;youd better make up your mind right now!(2)约翰已承认打碎了窗玻璃。约翰已承认打碎了窗玻璃。(admit doing)John has admitted breaking the window.Exercise二、只可跟动词不定式作宾语的及物动词二、只可跟动词不定式作宾语的及物动词.Sum up常见的跟动词不定式作宾语的动词有常见的跟动词不定式作宾语的动词有decide,plan,would like/love,prefer,refu
49、se,promise,expect,wish,refuse,ask,fail,choose,pretend,agree,help,attempt,arrange,struggle,afford,manage,persuade,seem,appear,offer 等。等。He refused to give any explanation for the accident.他拒绝对这次事故做出解释。他拒绝对这次事故做出解释。We will never fail to live up to what our parents expect of us.我们决不辜负我们的父母对我们的期望。我们决不辜负
50、我们的父母对我们的期望。He asked to meet you at ten oclock.他要求十点见你。他要求十点见你。根据汉语提示完成句子：根据汉语提示完成句子：(1)I would like _.(讲几句话讲几句话).(2)Lily intends _(休息一下休息一下)every two hours.(3)_(他假装在看他假装在看一份重要的文件一份重要的文件)when the boss entered.(4)The boy decided _ (不当水手不当水手).to say a few words to take short rests He pretended to be r
