1、演讲翻译的欣赏批评Nicole .演讲（历史，特点，分类等）.演讲的翻译.演讲翻译的赏析与批评.演讲 演讲的历史 演讲的分类 演讲的特点 演讲的定义：演讲又叫讲演或演说，是指在公众场所，以有声语言为主要手段，以体态语言（面部表情、手势动作、身体姿态等）为辅助手段，针对某个具体问题，鲜明、完整地发表自己的见解和主张，阐明事理或抒发情感，进行宣传鼓动的一种语言交际活动。主要形式：大体有如下四种：照读式演讲 背诵式演讲 提纲式演讲 即兴式演讲 分类：介绍型演讲 告知型演讲 劝说型演讲 特殊场合演讲 1、按演讲内容大致分为 政治演讲(包括竞选演说)、就职演说(或称施政演说)、会议辩论、集会演说等;教育
2、演讲，包括知识讲座、学术报告等;宗教演讲;经济演讲、包括商业广告演讲、投标介绍演讲等;军事演讲等。2、按演讲的目的大致分为 娱乐性演讲;传授性演讲(或称学术演讲);说服性演讲;鼓动性演讲;凭吊性演讲(或称葬礼性演讲)等等。3、按演讲场所大致分为：游说性演讲，巡回演讲;街头演讲;宫廷演讲;法庭演讲(或称司法演讲);课堂演讲;教堂演讲;大会演讲;宴会演讲;广播演讲和电视演讲，等等。演讲的特点：语言：通俗易懂，形象生动 逻辑：严谨缜密 结构：清晰明了 篇章：安排紧凑，层次分明 修辞：运用丰富（比喻对照对偶层进排比反复头韵等）Phonological level Lexical level Textu
3、al LevelAlliterationAlliteration is the repetition of an initial sound,usually a consonant,in two or more words that occur close together.It is used to achieve the beauty of sound.During the speech,it can impress the audience and attract their attention by using the repetition of an initial consonan
4、t cluster in stressed syllables and putting related words together.In Michelles address,this approach has been carried out in the following examples:We were so young,so in love,and so in debt.I was worried about what it would mean for our girls if he got that chance.Success isnt about how much money
5、 you make,its about the difference you makeAssonance:(Assonance:(半韵半韵)-Two or more neighboring words have the same vowels.E.g.:1.NATO seems to be able to make or break the world.2.You have the right to hire or fire.Consonance:Consonance:-Two or more neighboring words have the same ending in pronunci
6、ation.E.g.:1.He has a real stroke of luck to have such a considerate wife.2.To win Chinas heart and wallet,US had to say sorry to China after it bombed the Chinese Embassy in Yugoslavia.Parallel construction or ParallelismParallel construction or Parallelism:Definition:-Paralleling of words,phrases,
7、sentences or paragraphs -the same grammatical structure -clarifying the idea of the speaker or stressing the meaningExample:Now the triumph summons us again not as a call to bear arms,though arms we need;not as a call to battle,though embattled we are;but a call to bear the burden of a long twilight
8、 struggle,year in and year out,“rejoicing in hope,patient in tribulation,“a struggle against the common enemies of man:tyranny,poverty,disease and war itself.-by John Kennedy(1)Yes,for there are times when all pray for the safety of their loved ones,the return of the breadwinner,of their champion,of
9、 their protector.(2)We observe today not a victory of party but celebration of freedom,symbolizing an end as well as beginning,signifying renewal as well as change.-by John F.Kennedy:Inaugural Address1.I stand here today humbled by the task before us,grateful for the trust you have bestowed,mindful
10、of the sacrifices borne by our ancestors.2.Rather,it has been the risk-takers,the doers,the makers of things.3.But those values upon which our success depends-hard work and honesty,courage and fair play,tolerance and curiosity,loyalty and patriotism4.have duties to ourselves,our nation and the world
11、;5.Starting today,we must pick ourselves up,dust ourselves off,and begin again the work of remaking America.6.and emerged from that dark chapter stronger and more united,we cannot help but believe that the old hatreds shall someday pass;that the lines of tribe shall soon dissolve;that as the world g
12、rows smaller,our common humanity shall reveal itself;and that America must play its role in ushering in a new era of peace.7.We will build the roads and bridges,the electric grids and digital lines that feed our commerce and bind us together.We will restore science to its rightful place,and wield te
13、chnologys wonders to raise health cares quality and lower its cost.We will harness the sun and the winds and the soil to fuel our cars and run our factories.And we will transform our schools and colleges and universities to meet the demands of a new age.8.To the Muslim world,we seek a new way forwar
14、d,based on mutual interest and mutual respect.To those leaders around the globe who seek to sow conflict,or blame their societys ills on the West:Know that your people will judge you on what you can build,not what you destroy.To those who cling to power through corruption and deceit and the silencin
15、g of dissent,know that you are on the wrong side of history;but that we will extend a hand if you are willing to unclench your fist.To the people of poor nations,we pledge to work alongside you to make your farms flourish and let clean waters flow;to nourish starved bodies and feed hungry minds.And
16、to those nations like ours that enjoy relative plenty,we say we can no longer afford indifference to suffering outside our borders;nor can we consume the worlds resources without regard to effect.9.This is the price and the promise of citizenship.This is the source of our confidence-the knowledge th
17、at God calls on us to shape an uncertain destiny.This is the meaning of our liberty and our creed -By Barak Obama 2.演讲词翻译的原则 完整性：开头、中间及结尾及其铺陈，和格局 清晰性：通俗生动的语言、朴素的语言、形象的语言、幽默的语言或警局 跌宕起伏：有张有弛、有起有伏 灵活性：不走失愿意，力求其易懂 演讲者的历史背景 演讲者的演讲风格 演讲当时的背景 演讲语篇的总体意义 措辞造句 修辞 Example 1:The very founding of this institutio
18、n stands as a testment to the restless curiosity,the boundless hope so essential not jot to the scientic enterprise,but to the experiement we call America.Example 2:Federal funding in the physical sciences as a portion of our gross domestic product has fallen by nearly half over the past quarter cen
19、tury.2.语言通畅，逻辑清晰。Example 3:I was just informed back stage that Ralph and John both are 1965 graduates of-same class and so I am not sure this the perfectly prescribed scientific method,but they are sort of a control group-who ages faster.The Presidents scientific Advisor or the President of the Acad
20、emy?And we will check in a couple of years.Example 4:Even in the hardest times againts the toughest odds.Weve never given in a pessimism.Weve never surrendered our fates to chance.Weve endured.We have worked hard.We sought out new frontier.演讲翻译的赏析与批评Gettysburg Address 翻译欣赏与批评Gettysburg Address (Deli
21、vered on the 19th Day of November,1863 Cemetery Hill,Gettysburg,Pennsylvania)Fourscore and seven years ago,our fathers brought forth upon this continent a new Nation,conceived in Liberty,and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.译本1：这个国家以自由为理想，以致力于实现人人享有天赋的平等权利为目标。译本2：。建立了一个以自由
22、为理想、以人人平等为宗旨的新国家。译本3：我们的先辈在这片大陆上建立了一个新国家，她孕育于自由之中，致力于人人生来平等的主张。译本4：。建立了一个崭新的国家，她以自由为立国之本，并致力于这样的奋斗目标，即人人生来都具有平等权利。译本5：我们的先辈们在这个大陆上创立了一个新国家，它孕育于自由之中，奉行一切人生而平等的原则。Now,we are engaged in a great Civil War,testing whether that Nation,or any nation so conceived and so dedicated,can long endure.We are met
23、on a great battlefield of that war.We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting-place for those who gave their lives that Nation might live.It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.译本1：现在我们正在进行异常伟大的国内战争。我们的国家或任何一个有着同样理想与目标的国家能否长久存在。译本2：现在我们在进行一场大内战，考研这个国家，或者任
24、何一个主张自由平等的国家，能否长久存在。译本3：我们正在进行一场意义重大的内战。这场内战，正考验着我们这个或其他孕育于自由、主张人人生来平等的每一个国家，能否长久存在下去。译本4：现在我们正在进行一场伟大的内战，这场战争能够考验我们的国家，或任何一个具有同样立国之本和同样奋斗目标的国家，是否能够持久存在。译本5：现在我们正从事一场伟大的内战，以考验这个国家，或者说以考验任何一个孕育于之中、奉行上上述原则的国家能否长久持久下去。But,in a larger sense,we cannot dedicate,we cannot consecrate,we cannot hallow this g
25、round.The brave men,living and dead,who struggled here,have consecrated it far above our power to add or detract.The world will little note nor long remember what we say here,but it can never forget what they did here.译本1：然而，从深一层的意义上来说，我们没有能力奉献这块土地，没有能力使这块土地变得更加神圣。译本2：但是，从更深刻的意义来说，我们不能使这一角战场成为圣地，我们不
26、能使它流芳百世，我们不能使它永垂青史。译本3：但是，从更严格的意义上来说，我们是不能够奉献这片土地的。我们更不能够圣化、更不能够神化这片土地。译本4：然而，从更广的意义上来说，我们没有能力来奉献这块土地，我们没有能力来使这片土地更加神圣。译本5：从更广泛的意义上来说，我们即不能够将这片土地奉献，也不能够将它圣化，不能将它神化。It is for us,the living,rather to be dedicated to the great task remaining before us;that from these honored dead,we take increased devo
27、tion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion;that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain;that this Nation,under GOD,shall have a new birth of freedom;and that government of the People,by the People,and for the People,shall not perish from the earth.Abraham Lincoln 译本1：是我们这个民有、民治、民享的政府永存于世。译本2：这个民有、民治、民享的政府，一定不能从地球上消失。译本3：我们这个产生于民、管理依民、施政于民的政府一定会永世长存。译本4：决心使我们这个民有、民治、民享的政府永世长存。译本5：要使我们这个民有、民治、民享的政府永世长存。
