1、专题（十）构词法第二篇语法专题突破考点一派生法英语构词法中在词根前面或后面加词缀,从而构成一个新词的方法叫作派生法。加在词根前的词缀叫前缀,加在词根后的词缀叫后缀。1.前缀（1）表否定意义的前缀前缀含义例词un-不happyunhappy（不高兴的）friendlyunfriendly（不友好的）usualunusual（不寻常的）ableunable（不能的）popularunpopular（不流行的）（续表）前缀含义例词in-不activeinactive（不积极的）correctincorrect（不正确的）expensiveinexpensive（不贵的）im-不 politeimpo
2、lite（不礼貌的）patientimpatient（没有耐心的）possibleimpossible（不可能的）（续表）前缀含义例词dis-不likedislike（不喜欢）appeardisappear（消失）agreedisagree（不同意）non-不;非smokernon-smoker（非吸烟者）humannon-human（非人类的）nativenon-native（非母语的;非本地的）（2）其他前缀含义例词mis-错误;失误understandmisunderstand（误解）leadmislead（误导）behaviormisbehavior（行为不端）re-又;再;重新vie
3、wreview（复习）writerewrite（重写）inter-相互;交互在一起netInternet（互联网）nationalinternational（国际的）connectinterconnect（相互关联）（续表）前缀含义例词tele-远phonetelephone（电话）visiontelevision（电视）en-使可能richenrich（使丰富）ableenable（使能够）a-使处于情况livealive（活着的）wakeawake（醒着的）sleepasleep（睡着的）2.后缀形式后缀例词形容词副词+-lywidewidelyquietquietlysadsadlysl
4、owslowly以“辅音字母+y”结尾的形容词,变y为i,再加-lyhappyhappilyangryangrily以“辅音字母+le”结尾的形容词,去掉e,再加-ysimplesimplyterribleterribly少数以e结尾的形容词,要去掉e,再加-lytruetruly（续表）形式后缀例词名词形容词+-yrainrainyhealthhealthy wealthwealthylucklucky+-lyweekweeklylovelovelyfriendfriendly+-ous dangerdangerous+-fulcarecarefuluseuseful helphelpful
5、+-less useuselesshelphelplesscarecareless+-ern westwestern southsouthern+-engoldgoldenwoodwooden+-alnationnational其他ChinaChinese FranceFrench AmericaAmericanCanadaCanadian AsiaAsian centrecentral（续表）形式后缀例词动词形容词+-eddisappointdisappointedinterestinterested+-ingfollowfollowinginterestinteresting+-tivea
6、ctactivecreatecreative+-ableenjoyenjoyablecomfortcomfortablesuitsuitable（续表）形式后缀例词形容词名词+-nessillillnesssadsadnesskindkindness+-ydifficultdifficulty+-ityableabilitypossiblepossibility+-ce（以t结尾的形容词去t,再加-ce）importantimportancesilentsilencedifferentdifference（续表）形式后缀例词动词名词+-erteachteacherwinwinner workw
7、orker+-oractactorvisitvisitor directdirector+-ioninviteinvitation decidedecision+-mentdevelopdevelopment movemovement+-ingfishfishingreadreadinghearhearing+-istartartistpianopianisttourtouristsciencescientist（续表）形式后缀例词其他serve（v.）service（n.）courage（n.）encourage（v.）hot（adj.）heat（n.）safe（adj.）safety（n.
8、）high（adj.）height（n.）highly（adv.）考点二合成法英语中由两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词,这种构词法叫作合成法。常见的合成法如下:（1）合成名词classroom（名词+名词）blackboard（形容词+名词）（2）合成形容词worldwide（名词+形容词）good-looking（形容词+现在分词）（3）合成动词overcome（副词+动词）（4）合成数词fifty-four（数词+数词）（5）合成代词everybody,somebody,anything（代词+名词）（6）合成副词downstairs（副词+名词）whole-heartedly（形容词+副词
9、）（7）合成介词inside（介词+名词）within（介词+介词）into（介词+介词）考点三转化法英语中把一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种词性,这种构词法叫作转化法。单词转化后的意义往往与之前的意义联系密切。常见的转化形式有:名词动词,形容词动词,动词名词。（1）名词动词show（n.展览;展示）show（v.表演;展出）water（n.水）water（v.浇水）speed（n.速度）speed（v.加速）（2）形容词动词slow（adj.慢的）slow（v.放慢）（3）动词名词walk（v.散步;走）walk（n.散步）look（v.看）look（n.看）talk（v.谈话）talk（n.谈话）rest（v.休息）rest（n.休息）break（v.打破）break（n.休息）
