1、初三复习：介词的用法 概念：概念：介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词，在句中不能单独作句子成之间的关系的虚词，在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作状语，表语，的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作状语，表语，补语或介词宾语。补语或介词宾语。分类：分类：介词可以分为时间介词、地点介介词可以分为时间介词、地点介词、方式介词、原因介词和其他介词。词、方式介词、原因介词和其他介词。一一表示时间：
2、表示时间：介词介词in/on/at1)in表示时间段表示时间段,一天的三个时间段以及月份一天的三个时间段以及月份,年年,季节季节,世纪世纪,人生的人生的某个时期某个时期(某人几十岁时某人几十岁时)在早上在早上/中午中午/晚上晚上在春天在春天/2007年年/三月三月 在在21世纪世纪 在他在他50岁时岁时 2)on表示星期几表示星期几/某一具体的日子某一具体的日子/具体某天具体某天的上午的上午/下午下午/晚上晚上,表示表示一天中的三个时间段名词前有修饰语或后有修饰语时一天中的三个时间段名词前有修饰语或后有修饰语时.on Monday on New Years Day on Sunday morn
3、ing on a rainy night on the evening of April 1st,20073).表示某一具体时间点，表示某一具体时间点，某一时刻某一时刻/年龄年龄 at six oclock at noon at that time at the moment at the age of at night in the morning/afternoon/eveningin spring/in 2007/in Marchin the twenty-first centuryin his fiftiesafter/in 在在之后之后1.after 1)after+时间段时间段.表
4、示一段时间之后表示一段时间之后,用于过去时用于过去时.2)after+时间点，表多少时间之后，用于将来时。时间点，表多少时间之后，用于将来时。2.in+一段时间一段时间.表示说话时或以现在为起点的将表示说话时或以现在为起点的将来一段时间之后来一段时间之后.用于将来时用于将来时.Eg.He will be back _ three oclock.He will be back _ a few minutes.He came back _ three days.afterinaftersince/for 注注:since/for 用于现在完成时用于现在完成时.1).since:a).since+时
5、间点时间点 b).现在完成时现在完成时+since+从句（从句（一般过去时一般过去时）c).since+一段时间一段时间+ago.2)for:for+一段时间一段时间=since+一段时间一段时间+agoby 在在.之前之前during 在在.期间期间from to 从从.到到.till/until 直到直到二二.表方位表方位:介词介词in/on/to 1.in表示表示A地在地在B地范围之内地范围之内.(包含关系包含关系)Tanwan is _ the southeast of China.2.on表示表示A,B地接壤地接壤.(外切关系外切关系)Russia is _ the north of
6、 China.3.to表示表示A,B两地有一定的间距两地有一定的间距.(外离关系外离关系)Japan is _ the east of China.inonto介词介词in/on/at表地点表地点:1)in 表示在表示在较大较大的地点或一个有限的地点或一个有限空间里空间里.in China in the classroom 2)at 一般指一般指较小较小的地点或的地点或较具体较具体的位置的位置 at the station at the cinema 注意注意:写街道时写街道时,若有门牌号用若有门牌号用at,否则用否则用on/in 都可都可.He lives_ 270 DongChangan
7、Street.3)on 指在某物体的表面上指在某物体的表面上.（要接触）（要接触）on the deskatabove与below（不强调是否垂直）（抽象意义的上下方）over 与under（指垂直的上方,不接触）温度在0度以下。The temperature is below zero.There is a bridge _ the river.overbetween/among 在在之间之间1.between:指两者之间指两者之间.在在.之之间间.2.among:用于三者或三者以上人或用于三者或三者以上人或物之间物之间.在在之中之中.You sit _ him and me.The son
8、g is popular _ the students.betweenamongin front of/in the front of 1.in the front of 表示在.内部的前面2.in front of 表示在外面的前面 There is a desk in _ front of our classroom.There is a big tree in _ front of our classroom.the/inside outside alongnearbesidenext toacross frombehind在。里面在。里面在。外面在。外面沿着沿着在。附近在。附近在。旁边
9、在。旁边紧挨着紧挨着在。对面在。对面在。后面在。后面三三.with/in/by 表示表示“用用”1.with 表示表示“用用”一般指有形的工具一般指有形的工具/手段手段/人体器官人体器官.He cut the apple into halves _ a knife.注注:with 表伴随表伴随,“带有带有,含有含有”He came in _ a big smile on his face.2.in表示用某种语言表示用某种语言,方式方式,途径途径.或书写或书写/绘画所用的材料绘画所用的材料.也可表交通方式也可表交通方式.Can you say it _English?He wrote a let
10、ter _ blue ink.3.by表示乘坐交通工具表示乘坐交通工具,表示方式表示方式,方法方法I study for a test _ working with a group.He goes to school _ bus.注意注意:同义词组同义词组1).by phone=on the phone 2).by car=in a car 3).in pen=with a pen=with pens withwithininbyby反义词反义词-withoutby+时间时间 by the time/by the end ofby+交通工具交通工具 by train、by airby doin
11、g 通过什么方式通过什么方式stay by my side 在。旁边在。旁边四四.across/through/over/by 经过经过1.across 指横穿指横穿,穿过穿过.表示动作从某一物体表表示动作从某一物体表面上经过面上经过.2.through 指穿过指穿过,透过透过,表示从某一物体空间表示从某一物体空间内通过内通过.3.over 表示从某人或某物的表示从某人或某物的上空上空经过或越过经过或越过,不与表面接触不与表面接触.4.by 表示从某人表示从某人/某物的旁边经过某物的旁边经过.Can you swim _ the river?the elephant is so big tha
12、t it cant go _ the gate.I dont think anyone can jump _ the fence.I walked _ the bank of China yesterday.acrossthroughoverby五其它介词的用法：五其它介词的用法：1.except/besides 1).except 除了除了.之外之外,都都.不包括在范不包括在范围之内围之内.注注:nothing but 除了除了之外之外,什么也没有什么也没有.2).besdies除了除了之外之外,还有还有.包括在范包括在范围之内围之内.We all went swimming _ Lucy.
13、She was ill.There is _ a letter in the box.We study Chinese and math _ English.exceptnothing butbesides9.with/without 1).with具有具有,含有含有-反义词反义词:without 没有没有词组:with the help of=with ones help =because of=thanks to without ones help 2).without 的用法的用法:A).without+sb./sth.没有某人或某物没有某人或某物 B).without+doing st
14、h.He left here without _ (say)“Goodbye”to usC).without sth 与与if 引导的否定的条件句引导的否定的条件句.If there is no water,we cant live.=We cant live _ _.sayingwithout water5.like 的用法的用法:1).像像/和和一样一样.常与系动词连用常与系动词连用.词组:look like sound like 2).与与what 连用连用,“是什么样子是什么样子,怎怎样样”.What is he like?He is kind.2.in的其它用法的其它用法:1)in表
15、示表示“在在方面方面”词组词组:do well in=be good at be weak in 2)in 表示表示“穿着穿着”后接表颜色的词或衣后接表颜色的词或衣服服.词组词组:be in+衣服衣服=be wearing+衣衣服服3)in作副词作副词,“在家在家”=at home on的其他用法的其他用法=about 1.at的其它用法的其它用法.1).表示“从事或正在做某事”,其后加的名词往往不加冠词.She is at work now=She is working now.2)at表示“价格或速度”The train ran at 120 kilometres an hour.3.of
16、f的用法的用法:1).从从下来下来,脱离脱离某物体某物体.词组:fall off 2).“休假休假”通常放在时间名词之后通常放在时间名词之后.词组:have+时间+off 我们将要放两天假。We will have two days off.8.表示表示“数量的介词数量的介词”about,round,around,over 1).about,round,around表示 2).over 表示表示“超过超过”=more than.反义词反义词less than“大约大约”around here all around the world易混淆的介词短语：易混淆的介词短语：on the tree/i
17、n the tree on the tree 表示表示“树上本身长的东西树上本身长的东西”在树上在树上.而而in the tree 表示表示“外界的物体进入树中外界的物体进入树中”人或物在树上人或物在树上.There are some apples _ the tree.There is a boy _ the tree.oninin the wall/on the wall in the wall 表示“门窗在墙上”on the wall 表示“某东西张贴或挂在墙上”be made+介词的区别介词的区别:be made of 由制成(看得见原材料)be made from由制成(看不见原材料
18、)be made in+地点 由哪儿生产 be made by sb.由某人制造used to be used to doingbe used to dobe used forbe used asbe used by被用来做什么被用来做什么被当作什么来使用被当作什么来使用由什么人来用由什么人来用过去常常做某事过去常常做某事被用来做什么被用来做什么习惯于做什么习惯于做什么九九.不用介词的情况不用介词的情况:1).当时间状为当时间状为:tonight,today,yesterday,tomorrow 等时等时,不用介词不用介词.What are you going to do tonight?2)
19、.含有含有this,that,these,those,last,next,every,each等时间状语等时间状语.He went to Wuhan last week.3).以以all 开头的时间状语前面不用介词开头的时间状语前面不用介词.He has worked all day.4).以以some,any,one 等构成的时间状语前不等构成的时间状语前不用介词用介词.He met a bad man one cold morning.=He met a bad man _ a cold morning.on复习小结1、介词种类繁多，且相当一部分介词有多种用法，应牢记。2、对易混淆的介词及
20、词组词组一定要注意它们的区别。3、中考常见的题型为选择题和综合应用题，需灵活运用。1.Look!The monkey is playing the tree.2.She came to Shanghai June,1998.She has been an English teacher then.She often keeps in touch with me e-mail.Sometimes she goes abroad air.3.Miss Scott arrived Canada 5:00 March 7.3.Do you think Wu Gang is different his
21、twin brother?4.Li is good Chinese.He is going to help him his Chinese this afternoon.5.Dont read the sun.Its bad your eyes.6.8.He helps poor people the world.7.9.Egypt is famous its Pyramids.under/insinceinbybyinatonfromatwithinforaroundfor8.Billy didint go for a walk as usual _ yesterday evening.9.
22、_ a smile on her face,Miss Black came in.10._ your help,it was impossible for me to finish it.11.China is a great country _ a long historyonWithWithoutwithFill in the blanks with the right prepositions3)Go the bridge,youll find the museum on your left hand side.5)the time I arrived,the train had gon
23、e.8)Sometimes Juliana could hear planes the trees.acrossByover10)There is a wide bridge the river.11)Why would you like a girl instead a boy.15)Jane is behind Mary,Mary is Jane.9)The temperature will fall zero sometimes in winter in Australia.belowoverofin front of1.Oh,_ the way,where do you come fr
24、om?I come from Guangzhou.A.on B.inC.byD.to2.I waited for a bus for a long time.I gave up _ and walked home.A.at firstB.at leastC.in the endD.at the beginning3.Our shop opens _ 10:00 am and 4:30 pm during the Spring Festival holidays.A.at B.betweenC.fromD.about4.My father has worked in this school _
25、twenty years.What a long time!A.sinceB.afterC.forD.when5.You are so lucky.What do you mean _ that?A.forB.inC.byD.of6.Guangzhou is famous _ its beautiful flowers in China.A.ofB.inC.forD.with7.Would you like some milk?Yes,and please get me some sugar,too.I prefer milk _ sugar.A.toB.of C.thenD.with8.Wh
26、en did Mr Carl arrive _ China?He got to Changsha _ the morning of the 6th of April.A.at;inB.in;inC.to;onD.in;on9.Anna lost her way_ a rainy night and her mother was quite worried _ her.A.on;withB.on;about C.at;with D.at;about10.Its time _ the weather report.Turn on the radio,please.A.toB.in C.at D.f
27、or11.Mr Rudolphd like Chinese tea _ nothing in it.A.withB.in C.onD.for12.How are you going to the train station to meet your teacher?Im going there _ my fathers car.A.by B.to C.in D.on13.We are getting on very well _ each other.A.to B.in C.forD.with14.Taiwan is part of China.It is _ the southeast of
28、 our country.A.to B.onC.in D.at15.Its very nice _ you to get me two tickets _ the Olympic Games.A.for;ofB.of;forC.to;forD.of;to 介词短语接动名词接动名词 （doing sth）1.be interested in doing sth 2.Thanks for doing sth 3.look at sb doing sth 4.stop sb from doing sth 5.What/How doing sth?6.think about doing sth 7.s
29、pend (in)doing sth 8.finish doing sth 9.be busy doing sth 10.keep sb from doing sth 11.be good at doing sth 12.make a living by doing sth 13.feel like doing sth14.by doing sth 15.end up doing sth 16.do a survey about doing sth 17.be afraid of doing sth 18.be used to doing sth 19.be terrified of doin
30、g sth 20.give up doing sth 21.instead of doing sth 22.have nothing against doing sth 23.be serious about doing sth 24.have a chance of doing sth 25.before/when/while+doing sth26.dream of/about doing sth 27.put off doing sth 28.be used for doing sth=be used to do sth 29.prefer doing sth to doing sth 30.without doing sth 31.look forward to doing sth 32.be against doing sth 33.have trouble/problems/difficulty(in)doing sth
