1、2020牛津译林版高中英语高一必修二全册课文及翻译Behind the scenes 幕后Hello, everyone! Let me start by asking you a question: whats the first thing you notice about a film? The acting? The music? Maybe the amazing sets? Whatever your answer is, theres always a lot more to it than first meets the eye. Actually, the film you
2、see on the screen is the product of a huge amount of hard work, most of which takes place behind the scenes. Today, Ill give you a brief introduction to some aspects of film-making you might not be familiar with.大家好！让我来先问你们一个问题作为开场：对于一部电影你首先会注意什么？表演？配乐？也许是令人 惊叹的布景？无论你们的答案是什么，事情总要比你们认为的要复杂得多。事实上，你在银幕
3、上看到的电 影是大量艰苦工作的产物，其中大部分工作发生在幕后。今天我将就电影制作中你们可能不太熟悉的几个 方面做一个简单的介绍。To begin with, Id like to draw your attention to an important factor of a film- sound effects. These are often added after a scene has been shot and might not be made in the way you would expect. For example, in Jurassic Park, the sound
4、s of different animals, including a baby elephant and a tiger; were mixed by a computer to make a dinosaur roar. The sound of the doors opening in the Star Trek films was made simply by pulling a sheet of paper out of an envelope.首先，我想请你们注意电影的一个重要元素一一音效。音效通常是在一个场景拍摄完成之后添加的，而且 可能是以你意想不到的方式制作的。例如，侏罗纪公
5、园中恐龙的吼叫声，是用包括小象和老虎在内的不 同动物的声音通过电脑合成的。在星际迷航系列电影里，开门的声音不过是通过从信封里抽取纸张来 实现的。Another aspect I attach great importance to is visual special effects. CGI has been frequently used in film-making as a special effects technology. Generally, scenes requiring CGI are filmed in front of a green screen in the stu
6、dio. As green doesnt match any natural hair or skin colour; actors can be easily separated from the background. This enables CGI effects to be added later. The Quidditch scenes in the Harry Potter films were made in this way with the actors jumping up and down in front of a green screen. However, th
7、e aid of computers isnt always preferred. Peter Jackson, director of The Lord ofthe Rings films, took a creative approach-he used clever camera angles to make characters seem bigger or smaller than they really were.另一个我认为非常重要的方面是视觉特效。CGI （计算机生成影像）作为一种特效技术在电影制作中己经很 常用。一般来说，需要使用CGI的场景会在工作室的绿幕前拍摄。因为绿色与
8、任何自然的人类发色或肤色都 不同，演员可以轻易地与背景分离。这使得在后期添加CGI效果成为可能。“哈利-波特”系列电影中 魁地奇比赛的场景就是通过演员在绿幕前上下跳跃这种方式制作的。不过，计算机辅助并不总是受到青睐。“指环王系列电影的导演彼得-杰克逊采用了一种创造性的方法一一他利用各种巧妙的拍摄角度，使 剧中角色看起来比实际更大更小。Props also contribute to a films success. To make a film look real, great effort must sometimes be made to research, find and build
9、objects. Director James Cameron spent six months looking at and revising plans of the Titanic in order to build a full-sized model for his 1997 film. He talked to historians to ensure that the details were correct and even went down to the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean to see what was left of the shi
10、p for himself. It took 500 workers 100 days to build the fine model, not to mention the thousands of props inside.道具也为一部电影的成功助力。为了让电影看起来逼真，有时必须付出巨大的努力去研究、寻找和构建物 体。导演簷姆斯卡梅隆花了半年时间研究和修正“泰坦尼克号”的图纸，为的是在他1997年的电影中制 作一个全尺寸模型。他和历史学家进行交流以确保细节无误，甚至亲自潜到大西洋海底查看“泰坦尼克号” 的残骸。为了制作这个精致的模型，500名工人用了 100天，更不用说内部还有成千上万的
11、道具了。My lecture today may not be able to do justice to all the work people have done behind the scenes. Just as the poor passengers on the real Titanic saw the tip of the iceberg, what we see on the cinema screen is just the tip of the huge iceberg of film-making. Hopefully, next time you go to the c
12、inema, youll spare a thought for all those talented people behind the scenes. They have worked for months and even years so that you can have two hours of enjoyment!我今天的讲座，可能无法对所有的幕后工作者给予公正的评价。正如“泰坦尼克号”上可怜的乘客看到的 冰山一角一样，我们在影院银幕上看到的也只是电影制作这座巨大冰山的一角而己。希望下次你们走进电 影院时，能想一想所有那些才华出众的幕后工作者。他们工作了数月甚至是数年，如此你们才
13、能有两个小 时的愉悦时光！Forrest Gump (Excerpt)阿甘正传(节选)Forrest Gump is a 1994 film starring Tom Hanks. It tells the story of ForrestGump, a simple man with a warm personality. Despite an IQ of 75, he lives a truly amazing life. He sees, and sometimes influences, some of the major events of the United States in
14、the second half of the 20th century.阿甘正传是1994年由汤姆汉克斯主演的电影。影片讲述了福雷斯特冈普个单纯和热心的人的故事。尽管智商只有75,他的生活却若实精彩。20世纪下半叶美国社会发生的一些重大事件，他是亲 历者，有几次他还对这些大事件产生了影响。Mrs Gump and Forrest wait for the school bus. The bus pulls up as Mrs Gump prepares Forrest for his first day of school.冈普太太和福雷斯特等校车。冈普太太帮福雷斯特为第一天开学做准备，此时校
15、车停下。MRS GUMP: You do your very best now, Forrest.冈普太太：你现在要全力以赴了，福雷斯特。FORREST: I sure will, Momma.福雷斯特：我一定会的，妈妈。FORREST (Voice-over1)： I remember the bus ride on the first day of school very well.福雷斯特(旁白1)：我还清楚地记得上学第一天坐校车的情景。The bus driver opens the door and looks down. Forrest walks to the steps of
16、the bus and looks at the bus driver.校车司机打开了门，望若下面。福雷斯特爬上校车的台阶，盯若司机。BUS DRIVER: Are you coming along?校车司机：你上不上车？FORREST: Momma said not to be taking rides from strangers.福雷斯特：我妈说不要上陌生人的车。BUS DRIVER: This is the bus to school.校车司机：这是开去学校的车FORREST: Im Forrest. Forrest Gump.福雷斯特：我是福雷斯特。福雷斯特-冈普。BUS DRIVE
17、R: Im Dorothy Harris.校车司机：我是多萝西-哈里斯。FORREST:Well, now we arent strangers anymore.福雷斯特：好吧，现在我们就不再是陌生人了。The bus driver smiles as Forrest steps up into the bus.Mrs Gump waves to Forrest as the bus drives away.Forrest begins to walk down the bus.校车司机微笑，福雷斯特上了车。校车开走时，冈普太太向福雷斯特挥手告别。福雷斯特向车内走去。Two young boy
18、s look up from the seat.两个小男孩在座位上抬起头瞥了他一眼。BOY 1: This seats taken.男孩 1：这位子有人了BOY 2: Its taken!男孩 2：有人坐了Forrest looks around. A larger girl moves over so Forrest cant sit next to her.She shakes her head.Forrest looks to the other side where a boy sits alone on a larger seat. The boy looks angrily at
19、Forrest.福雷斯特四下看了看。一个大块头的女孩往空座上挪了挪，所以福雷斯特不能挨若她坐。那女孩摇摇头。 福雷斯特看了看另外一边，有个男孩独占了更大的座位。这个男孩凶巴巴地看着福雷斯特。BOY 3: You cant sit here.男孩3：你不能坐这里。FORREST (Voice-over): You know, its funny what a young man recollects. Because I dont remember being born. I, I. dont recall what I got for my first Christmas and I dont
20、 know when I went on my first outdoor picnic. But, I do remember the first time I heard the sweetest voice in the wide world.福雷斯特(旁白)：你知道，一个年轻人的冋忆很有趣。因为我不记得我是怎么出生的。我，我不记得收到 的第一份圣诞礼物是什么，也不记得我第一次外出野餐是什么时候。但是，我清楚地记得我第一次听到全 世界最甜美的声音时的情景。GIRL: You can sit here if you want.女孩：如果你愿意的话，你可以坐这儿Forrest looks b
21、ack at Jenny Curran, a young girl about Forrests age.福雷斯特冋头看到了珍妮-柯伦，一个和他年龄相仿的小女孩。FORREST (Voice-over): I had never seen anything so beautiful in my life. She was like an angel.福雷斯特(旁白)：我这辈子从未见过这么美好的事物，她像天使一样。JENNY: Well, are you going to sit down, or arent you?珍妮：嗯，你是坐呢，还是不坐？Forrest sits down next t
22、o Jenny.福雷斯特坐在了珍妮旁边。JENNY: Whats wrong with your legs?珍妮：你的腿怎么 了 ？FORREST: Um, nothing at all, thank you. My legs are just fine and dandy.福雷斯特：呃，啥事也没有，谢谢。我的腿好得很。FORREST(Voice-over): I just sat next to her on that bus and had a conversation all the way to school.福雷斯特(旁白)：我就坐在她旁边，在校车开往学校途中，我们一直在聊天。JEN
23、NY: Then why do you have those shoes on?珍妮：那你为什么要穿那样的鞋子？FORREST: My momma said my backs crooked like a question mark. These are going to make me as straight as an arrow. Theyre my magic shoes.福雷斯特：妈妈说我的背弯得像一个问号。这鞋子能让我像箭一样直，这是我的魔力鞋。FORREST(Voice-over): And next to Momma, no one ever talked to me or a
24、sked me questions.福雷斯特(旁白)：除了妈妈，没有人跟我说话，也没有人问我问题。JENNY: Are you stupid or something?珍妮：你是傻子还是怎么回事？FORREST: Momma says stupid is as stupid does.福雷斯特：妈妈说做傻事的人才是傻子。Jenny puts her hand out toward Forrest. Forrest reaches over and shakes her hand.珍妮向福雷斯特伸出了手。福雷斯特伸出手和她握手。JENNY: Im Jenny.珍妮：我是珍妮FORREST: Im
25、 Forrest. Forrest Gump.?雷斯特：我是福雷斯特。福雷斯特冈普。FORREST (Voice-over): From that day on, we was always together. Jenny and me was like peas and carrots.福雷斯特(旁白)：从那天起，我们一直在一起。珍妮和我形影不离。2020牛津译林版高中英语高一必修二unit2课文及翻译A beginner s guide to exercise体育锻炼入门You want to start doing exercise? Congratulations! You have
26、just taken your first step towards a new and improved you!想开始锻炼身体了吗？祝贺你！你己经向新的、更好的自己跨出了第一步。Understanding the benefits of exercise 了 解锻炼的益处Most people assume that regular exercise does wonders for the body and mind-but what exactly are its health benefits? To start with, physical activity increases t
27、he efficiency of your heart and lungs. During exercise, your heart and lungs must work harder. This extra effort makes them grow stronger over the long term. It has also been proven that active people tend to have better immune systems and are at lower risk of diseases. Moreover,exercise is good for
28、 your mental health. Working out can help you reduce stress and get over negative feelings. Some studies even show that exercise improves certain brain functions, meaning you could actually exercise your way to better performance at school!大多数人都认为经常锻炼对身心大有益处一一不过，锻炼究竟对健康有哪些好处呢？首先，体育活动能增 强心肺功能。在锻炼时，你的
29、心脏和肺必须更卖力地工作。久而久之，这些额外的工作使它们变得更强壮。 有证据表明，经常锻炼的人往往免疫系统会更好，患病的风险更低。另外，锻炼对心理健康有好处。锻炼 身体能帮你缓解心理压力，克服负面情绪。甚至有研究显示锻炼可改善某些大脑机能，也就是说，通过锻 炼，你确实可以提高自己的学习成绩。Planning your exercise routine 规划日常锻炼When you plan an exercise routine, the first thing to consider is what you expect to improve: heart and lung efficien
30、cy, muscle strength or flexibility. Aerobic activities, like jogging, swimming and skiing, develop your heart and lungs. Strength training, such as pull-ups and weightlifting, increases muscle strength and encourages bone development. Flexibility training, including gymnastics and tai chi, helps str
31、etch your muscles and improve your bodys range of movement. These types of exercise all play a role in a healthy routine. Above all, choose activities you enjoy because, in this way, youre more likely to stick with them.在做日常锻炼的规划时，首先要考虑的是你想要提升哪方面：是心肺功能，还是肌肉强度抑或柔韧性。像 慢跑、游泳和滑雪这样的有氧运动，能增强心肺功能。力量训练，比如引体
32、向上和举重，能增加肌肉强度， 促进骨骼发育。柔韧性训练，包括体操和太极拳，有助于舒展肌肉，增大肢体活动幅度。在一套健康的日 常锻炼项目中，以上三种训练都是不可或缺的。而最重要的是，要挑选你喜欢的项目，因为这样才更有可 能持之以恒。Eating and drinking right 饮食得当Like cars that run on petrol, your body burns carbohydrates for energy. Foods like noodles, rice, fruit and vegetables give your body plenty of carbohydrat
33、es to keep up your energy during a long workout. To help your muscles recover and repair themselves after exercise, you need to eat foods rich in protein,such as fish, eggs and milk products. When to eat is also of great importance. In general, you should have your meal an average of 1.5 to 2.5 hour
34、s before exercising. Do not eat immediately after exercise; instead, wait at least 30 minutes after a typical routine, or as much as an hour after a hard workout. Remember to drink throughout exercise to make up for water lost to sweat.就像汽车要烧汽油才能跑，你的身体也要燃烧碳水化合物来获得能量。米面果蔬等食物为身体提供丰富的 碳水化合物，使你有充足的能量做长时
35、间运动。锻炼后，为帮助肌肉恢复和自我修复，你需要吃些高蛋白 食物，比如鱼、蛋和乳制品。什么时间吃也很重要。一般情况下，应该在锻炼之前一个半到两个半小时进 食。运动后不要马上吃东西，如果是常规锻炼，至少过半小时再吃，如果是高强度锻炼，就需要等一小时 后再吃。锻炼过程中别忘了喝水，以弥补出汗损耗的水分。Avoiding injury 避免受伤To prevent soft tissue injury, make sure that you wear proper clothes and equipment when exercising. You should also start small a
36、nd slowly work your way to a longer and harder exercise routine to avoid getting hurt. Finally, remember to warm up before exercising and stretch at the end of your workout. So, now you know the benefits of exercise and how to do it safely and effectively. What are you waiting for?为避免软组织受伤，锻炼时一定要穿戴合
37、适的衣服和护具。此外，刚开始锻炼强度要小，要循序渐进地增 加锻炼的时间和强度，以防受伤。最后，记住锻炼前要热身，结束后要拉伸。现在，你己经明白了锻炼的好处，也知道如何安全高效地锻炼。那么，你还在等什么呢？Finding a balance: my taichi experience找到平衡：我的太极体验When my friend first suggested that we join the new Tai Chi Club at school, I hesitated. I always believed tai chi was for old people. After the fir
38、st class, however, I had to admit that I had been wrong about tai chi. It was amazing! One year later, I can honestly say it has had a huge effect on me physically and mentally. Just as importantly, practising tai chi has inspired me to explore the Chinese culture behind it.一开始，当朋友建议我们参加学校新成立的太极俱乐部时
39、，我犹豫了。我过去一直觉得太极是老年人的运 动。不过，上完第一节课后，我不得不承认，我之前对太极的认识是错误的。太极实在是太神奇了。一年 后，我可以实话实说了，太极对我的身心都产生了巨大的影响。同样重要的是，练习太极还激励了我去探 索其背后的中国文化。The first few tai chi classes were fun and easy, and the moves really caught my imagination, with descriptive names like white crane spreading its wings and golden rooster st
40、anding on one leg。When I asked my coach where these interesting names came from, he told me about the history of tai chi.Zhang Sanfeng,a 13th-century Taoist, was said to have invented tai chi after drawing inspiration from a fight between a snake and a bird. However; nowadays people tend to believe
41、that Chen Wangling, a 17th-century master of Chinese martial arts, developed tai chi based on martial arts skills. No wonder some tai chi moves are named after animals-Chinese martial arts have a long-standing practice of imitating animals. Chen Wangtings original set of moves is called Chen-style t
42、ai chi,but other styles of tai chi have since been developed, including Yang-style, Wu-style and Sun-style.前几节太极课非常有趣，也不难学，像“白鹤亮翅”“金鸡独立”这些很形象的招式名称确实让我兴趣满满。 当我问教练，这些有趣的名称从何而来时，他和我说了太极的历史。传说十三世纪时，一个叫张三丰的道 士从蛇与鸟的缠斗中汲取灵感，创立了太极。不过如今人们倾向于认为太极是十七世纪的武学大师陈王廷 根据武术技巧演化而来的。由于中国武术中模拟动物的做法由来己久，太极的部分招式以动物来命名也就 不足为
43、奇了。陈王廷最初创编的招式称为陈氏太极，后来也发展出了其他门类的太极，包括杨式太极、吴氏太极和孙氏太极After learning the basics of tai chi in those first few classes, I found myself bored and aching from doing the same moves over and over again. Luckily, my coach taught me how to relax my muscles and focus on peace of mind while performing the routi
44、ne. With these requirements of tai chi in mind, I found to my satisfaction that my balance and flexibility slowly improved, that I was able to do more difficult moves, and that my love for tai chi returned stronger than ever.学完前几节太极基础课之后，我发现一遍又一遍重复这些招式让我心生厌倦，而且肌肉酸痛。幸运的是， 教练教会了我放松肌肉的方法，以及在日常练习时如何注意心境
45、的平和。将太极的这些要求铭记于心，慢 慢地，我发现自己的平衡能力和柔韧性得到了改善，我可以尝试一些难度更大的招式，我对太极的热爱又 冋来了，而且比以前更强烈，这令我十分满意。In time, I began to look into the ancient Chinese culture behind tai chi. I discovered that tai chi is deeply rooted in the Chinese philosophy of yin and yang, which are believed to form the unity of opposites. Ne
46、ither can exist independent of the other; for example, there is no shadow without light. The practice of taichi aims to maintain the balance of yin and yang in the body through opposite movements: forwards and backwards, up and down, left and right, breathing in and breathing out. Eventually, tai ch
47、i brings about a state of physical balance and mental peace.我不失时机地开始探寻太极背后的中国古代文化。我发现，太极深深地扎根于中国的阴阳学说之中。人们 认为阴和阳构成了对立统一，彼此不能独立存在，比如，没有光就不会有影子。练习太极旨在通过一些相 对的动作一一进退、上下、左右、吐纳一一来维持人体内部的阴阳调和。最终，太极可以带来一种身心平 衡的状态。A year of practising tai chi has had a positive effect on my everyday life. I sleep better at
48、night, and I am more energetic during the day. I feel happier and more confident. Tai chi has taught me to relax my mind, enabling me to stay cool in stressful situations. I am sure I will continue to practise tai chi and enjoy the benefits it has brought me.一年练习太极的经历己经对我的日常生活产生了积极的作用。晚上我睡得更香，白天则精力更
49、充沛。幸福 感倍增，人也更加自信。太极让我学会了放松心态，使我在有压力的环境下也能冷静应对。我相信我一定 会继续练习太极，并不断地享受太极带给我的好处。2020牛津译林版新教材高中英语必修二unit3课文原文及翻译Alex around the world亚力克斯环球游记10 January, a wedding ceremony, India 月十日，一场婚礼，印度When Nadim invited me to his sisters wedding, I knew it would be the opportunity of a lifetime. I was definitely not wrong!当纳迪
