1、人教版（人教版（2019）必修一）必修一Unit 4 Natural Disasters Discovering Useful StructuresDescribe pictures of disasters Learning objectivesBy the end of this section,you will be able to:1.identify the form of restrictive relative clauses with relative pronouns in the sentences;2.elicit function of restrictive rela
2、tive clauses with relative pronouns in the sentences;3.grasp the usage of restrictive relative clauses with relative pronouns and apply them to complete related exercises,like describing pictures of disasters.Lead-inLets look at the following sentences and think about some questions.1.What type of c
3、lause is the underlined part?2.What do you know about the clause?1.The girl who/that wears a pair of glasses is my deskmate.2.This is the factory which/that a lot of students visited yesterday.the restrictive relative clauses with relative pronouns由关系代词引导的定语从句由关系代词引导的定语从句Find and underline the restr
4、ictive relative clauses in the sentences below.The Tangshan earthquake was a terrible experience that my great-grandma cannot forget.The couple who live next to us volunteered to help after the volcano erupted.The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the count
5、ry.Mr Li is an architect whose designs for the new town have won praise.A doctor with whom James used to work died in the 2016 earthquake in Ecuador.PresentationFind more sentences with restrictive relative clauses from the text on page 50.There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls.(Para
6、graph 1)Eleven kilometres directly below the city,one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun,a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing.(Paragraph 2)Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.(Paragraph 2)The number of people who
7、 were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000.(Paragraph 2)Soon after the quakes,the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.(Paragraph 4)Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.(Paragraph 4)The Tang
8、shan earthquake was a terrible experience that my great-grandma cannot forget.The couple who live next to us volunteered to help after the volcano erupted.The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country.A doctor with whom James used to work died in the 20
9、16 earthquake in Ecuador.Observe the above sentences and find the relative pronouns.thing(s)peoplething(s)peopleThere were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls.(Paragraph 1)Eleven kilometres directly below the city,one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun,a quake that
10、even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing.(Paragraph 2)Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.(Paragraph 2)The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000.(Paragraph 2)Soon after the quakes,the army sent 150,000 soldie
11、rs to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.(Paragraph 4)Observe the above sentences and find the relative pronouns.thing(s)thing(s)peoplepeoplepeople限制性定语从句限制性定语从句1.定义定义：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。它所修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词；引导定语从句的词叫作关系词。2.位置位置：位于名词或代词后。3.作用作用：限制性定语从句与先行词之间的关系非常密切，从句说明先行
12、词的性质、身份、特征等状况，使句子的表意更加完整。4.关系词关系词（1）作用作用：连接主句和从句；指代先行词；在从句中充当成分。限制性定语从句限制性定语从句（2）分类分类：关系代词：that、which、who（whom）、whose关系代词关系代词例句例句that指物指物This is a book that interests a large number of people.（作主语）Is there anything(that)I can do for you?（作宾语）指人指人He that would eat the fruit must climb the tree.（作主语）H
13、e is a man(that)you can safely trust.（作宾语）which指物指物The bus which has just left was the last one today.（作主语）The fish(which)I bought this morning were not fresh.（作宾语）who/whom指人指人The expert who visited our class yesterday is from Canada.（作主语）Is he the boy who always wins maths competition?（作主语）The one(
14、who/whom)we are talking about is a scientist.（作宾语）This is the teacher to whom I referred.（作宾语）限制性定语从句限制性定语从句注意注意：that、which、who（whom）在从句中作宾语时，特别是在口语或非正式的书面表达中，常常省略。关系代词whose引导的定语从句：关系代词whose引导的定语从句先行词既可以是人，也可以是物。whose在从句中作定语。She is the girl whose brother is studying abroad.（先行词是人）The room whose wind
15、ow faces south is mine.（先行词是物）I talked with the man whose house was destroyed in the flood.（先行词是人）He has written a book whose name Ive forgotten.（先行词是物）限制性定语从句限制性定语从句关系代词的选择关系代词的选择：宜用that不用which的情况：先行词是all，much，anything等不定代词时；先行词为序数词/形容词最高级或被这两者修饰时；先行词被all，no，few，any，little，some，much，the last，the on
16、ly，very等修饰时；先行词既有人又有物时；主语是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时；先行词在主句中作表语，且关系代词本身在定语从句中也作表语时；主句以here，there开头且先行词指物时。限制性定语从句限制性定语从句关系代词的选择关系代词的选择：宜用which不用that的情况：先行词为that时；关系代词后面有插入语时；在限制性定语从句中，如果有两个定语从句，其中前面一个关系代词是that，那么后一个的关系代词宜用which。宜用who不用that的情况：先行词为指人的不定代词，或先行词为those或被其修饰且指人时；一个句子中含有两个定语从句，且先行词都为人时，其中一个定语从句的
17、关系代词是that，另一个一般用who。P r a c t i c eComplete each sentence with that,which,who,whose,whom or“/”.Then translate the sentences into Chinese.1.Here are some of the people _ homes were destroyed by the typhoon.有些人的家园被台风摧毁了。2.The terrible shaking of the building woke up all the people _ were asleep.建筑物可怕的
18、摇晃把人们从睡梦中惊醒。3.The next day,people put up shelters in the open air using anything _ they could find.第二天，人们用能找到的一切物品在空地上搭建起避难所。whosewhothat OR/peoplesthe peopleanything4.Several days later,most of the buildings _ had been damaged by the hurricane were repaired.几天以后，大多数被飓风破坏的建筑物得到了修缮。5.The injured boy
19、_ mother was lost in the disaster was taken to the hospital.那个在灾难中失去了母亲的受伤男孩被送去了医院。6.The woman wrote a thank-you letter to the soldier by _ she was rescued.这位女士给营救她的战士写了一封感谢信。7.Is this young boy _ saved several other students trapped under buildings?这就是那个从楼里救出了好几位被困同学的男孩吗？that/whichwhosewhomwhothe b
20、uildingsthe boysthe soldiersyoung boyWorkbookFill in the blanks with that,which.who,whose,or whom.1.A disaster is a very bad accident or a sudden event _ usually causes great damage and can ruin many peoples lives.2.The woman wanted to find and thank the firefighter _ rescued her from the fire.3.A t
21、yphoon is an extremely strong wind _ often happens in the Western Pacific Ocean.4.The children _ parents could not be found were looked after by neighbours and friends.5.A tsunami is a very large wave _ is often caused by an earthquake under the sea.6.People to _ much is given are people of _ much w
22、ill be expected.which/thatwho/thatwhich/thatwhosewhich/thatwhomwhomUse a restrictive relative clause to combine each pair of sentences.EXAMPLEThe baby was crying.The baby was rescued from the building.(who)The baby who was rescued from the building was crying.ORThe baby who was crying was rescued fr
23、om the building.1.The CCTV reporter is interviewing a woman.The womans family survived the earthquake.(whose)The CCTV reporter is interviewing a woman whose family survived the earthquake.WorkbookThe rescue workers had to walk slowly through the bricks that/which covered the ground.2.The soldier wil
24、l remember the rescue worker.The soldier worked with the rescue worker during the quake.(with whom)3.The rescue workers had to walk slowly through the bricks.The bricks covered the ground.(that/which)4.My family will always be thankful for the people.We received aid from the people.(from whom)The so
25、ldier will remember the rescue worker with whom he worked during the quake.My family will always be thankful for the people from whom we received aid.5.The people lost everything in the quake.We need to help them prepare for the coming winter.(who)We need to help the people who have lost everything
26、in the quake prepare for the coming winter.Complete the passage with that,which,who,whose,or prep+whom.For people _ love the sun,summer is a time of fun.But for people _ families were destroyed by the super typhoon _ hit East China in July 2016,that summer was a time of great sadness.The floods and
27、landslides caused by the typhoon killed 161 people,left 61 missing,and forced the evacuation of hundreds of thousands of people.The victims _ the typhoon brought death or great loss were in several provinces along the Yangtze River.In the months _ have passed since then,much has been done to make th
28、ings better and help the thousands of people _ homes were destroyed,although the sadness will never leave those _ summer now marks the death of a loved one.who/thatwhosethat/whichto whomthat/whichwhosefor whomWorkbookP r o d u c t i o nWork with a partner.Take turns to ask each other about the pictu
29、res.Make sentences with restrictive relative clauses using that,which,who,whose,or whom.EXAMPLEA:Whats the rescue worker doing?B:Shes feeding the baby who survived the earthquake.1.A:Who is the woman who/that is holding the baby?B:Shes a rescue worker.A:Where is the woman who/that is the babys mothe
30、r?B:Maybe shes injured and in the hospital.2.A:Who are the people whose tent is being fixed?B:The people whose city was destroyed by the earthquake.3.A:Why is this dog part of the rescue team?B:The dog,whose job is to search people who are buried in the ruins,has an incredible sense of smell and hea
31、ring for finding people in the ruins.Add more information to the passage by using restrictive relative clauses that answer the questions in brackets.You may use a library or the Internet to help you.EXAMPLEWho should be warned?people who might be in dangerTornadoes are strong winds(What kind of wind
32、s are they?).It is not easy to know where they will go,so it can be difficult to warn people(Who should be warned?).In order to learn more about how tornadoes form and move,some brave researchers(What is their job?)do what most of us would not.They chase(追赶)storms in order to collect more detailed i
33、nformation first hand.Of course,the researchers have special equipment(What kind of equipment?),but they need to get close enough to use it and still keep safe from the danger.WorkbookTornadoes are strong winds that can rapidly rotate air/that can happen on every continent except Antarctica/that can
34、 cause great damage.It is not easy to know where they will go,so it can be difficult to warn people who might be in danger/who may be affected.In order to learn more about how tornadoes form and move,some brave researchers whose job is to explore the causes of tornadoes/whose job is to study tornado
35、es do what most of us would not.They chase(追赶)storms in order to collect more detailed information first hand.Of course,the researchers have special equipment which can record detailed information,but they need to get close enough to use it and still keep safe from the danger.Words and Expressions T
36、he supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country.(P52)提供给灾区的补给品来自全国各地。supply /spla/n.供给（量）；补给；供给（量）；补给；pl.补给品补给品 vt.供应；供给供应；供给supply sb/sth with sth=supply sth to sb/sth 向提供某物Because the supply of apples exceeds demand in the market,they have to be sold at
37、alow price.由于市场上苹果供过于求，它们只能低价出售了。He kept me well supplied with cups of coffee while I was writing the report.我写报告时，他一直不停地给我续咖啡。He offered to supply him with another ticket free of charge.他主动为他免费提供另外一张票。Shes feeding the baby who survived the earthquake.(P52)她正在给那个在地震中幸存的婴儿喂食。survive /svav/vi.生存；存活生存；
38、存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过幸存；艰难度过survive on sth 依靠生活 survive sb by+时间 比某人多活She was the only person to survive the accident.她是这次事故的唯一幸存者。How does the family survive on such a small monthly wage?这一家的月收入这么少，怎么维持生计呢？She survived her husband by ten years.丈夫去世后她又活了十年。survival n.U幸存，生存 survivor n.幸存者，生还者Draw a mind map to summarize the rules of restrictive relative clauses with relative pronouns.
