1、2022-11-1512022-11-151Welcome UnitDiscovering Useful Structures(2)A thousand-mile journey begins with the first step -LaoziWelcome Unit2022-11-1522022-11-152chemistry n._ adj.化学的_n.化学制品 _n.药剂师excite v._adj.兴奋的 _adj.令人兴奋的_n.兴奋anxious adj._adv.不安地，忧虑地_n.焦虑，渴望，令人焦虑的事personality n._adj.个人的，私人的，_adv.亲自地，
2、就自己而言revise v._n.修正；复习annoy v._ adj.恼怒的 _ adj.令人恼怒的frighten v._ adj.害怕的；受惊的；受恐吓的 _ adj.令人害怕的chemical(s)chemist excited exciting excitement anxiously anxiety personal personally chemical revisionannoyed annoying frightened frightening 2022-11-1532022-11-153What Are They?1.S(subject)主语2.V(verb)谓语动词3.O
3、(object)宾语4.P(predicative)表语5.A(adverbial)状语6.DO(direct objective)直接宾语7.IO(indirect objective)间接宾语8.C(objective complement)宾语补足语9.There be =there be 结构2022-11-1542022-11-154What Is Subject?1.S(subject)主语1.1 A tiger eats meat.S1.2 He is my father.S1.3.Mr.Wood is a teacher.S What can be“subject”in a s
4、entence?a tiger?nounhe?pronounMr.Wood?name2022-11-1552022-11-155What Is Verb?2.V(verb)谓语动词2.1 A tiger eats meat.V2.2 A fish can swim.V2.3.He doesnt like fruit.V What can be“verb”in a sentence?can=Vdoesnt=Vcan swim2022-11-1562022-11-156What Is Object?3.O(object)宾语3.1 A tiger eats meat.O3.2 I like it.
5、O3.3 He called Tom.O What can be“object”in a sentence?meat?nounit?pronounTom?name2022-11-1572022-11-157What Is Predicative?4.P(predicative)表语4.1 He looks fine.P 4.2 You are happy.P4.3 He became a teacher.P What can be“predicative”in a sentence?look,are,become=link verb link verb +adj./noun=PP contai
6、ns a verb!2022-11-1582022-11-158What Is Adverbial?5.A(adverbial)状语5.1 He lives in Shenzhen.A 5.2 You go to school by bus.A5.3 He was born in 1918.A What can be“adverbial”in a sentence?PrepositionNounAdverbial 2022-11-1592022-11-159What Is DO(Direct Objective)?6.DO(direct objective)直接宾语6.1 He gave me
7、 a pen.DO 6.2 We bought him a gift.DO6.3 He wrote me a letter.DO What can be“direct objective”in a sentence?object2022-11-15102022-11-1510What Is IO(Indirect Objective)?7.IO(indirect objective)间接宾语7.1 He gave me a pen.IO 7.2 We bought Mr.Wood a gift.IO7.3 He wrote his mother a letter.IO What can be“
8、indirect objective”in a sentence?Person2022-11-15112022-11-1511What Is C(Complement)?8.C(complement)宾语补足语8.1 The war made him a hero.C 8.2 The fire left him homeless.C8.3 He found his glasses broken.C What can be“complement”in a sentence?Noun/Adj2022-11-15122022-11-15121.Examine the sentence structu
9、res and see what parts are shared by all of them.Sentence StructureSV SVO SP SVIODO SVOC SVA SVOA2.What part is more stable and what part is the most unstable in a sentence?Why?Make a list of the“S”forms and the“V”forms that appear in the above slides.2022-11-15132022-11-15131.SV structure1.1 A bird
10、 flies.S V 1.2 Monkeys jumped.S V 1.3 He was sleeping.S V In SV structure,verbs are intransitive.Can you make a“SV”sentence?Learn to recognize the structures 2022-11-15142022-11-1514Learn to recognize the structures 2.SVO structure2.1 A sheep eats grass.S V O 2.2 Monkeys like bananas.S V O2.3 He wan
11、ts some candy.S V O In SVO structure,verbs are transitive.Please make a SVO sentence!2022-11-15152022-11-15153.SP structure3.1 This is great S P3.2 He looks well.S P3.3 She became a teacher.S PIn SP structure,P refers to“link verb+adjective/noun”.Link verbs:be,feel,taste,smell,grow,become,etc.Lets t
12、ry making a SP sentence with“grow”!Learn to recognize the structures 2022-11-15162022-11-15164.SV IO DO structure4.1 He asked me a question.S V IO DO4.2 Danny wrote his mom a letter.S V IO DO4.3 She bought Mr.Wood a book.S V IO DOIn SV IO DO structure,verbs are transitive and are followed by IO and
13、DO.Find a SVIODO sentence in your textbook and share it with the class!Learn to recognize the structures 2022-11-15172022-11-15175.SVOC structure5.1 The war made him a hero.S V O C5.2 They found his cat dead.S V O C5.3 She called him Mr.Wood.S V O CIn SVOC structure,an implied logical relation exist
14、s between O and C.In Example 5.1,the relation between“him”and“a hero”is supposed to be-“he is a hero”.Whats the relation between“his cat”and“dead”in 5.2?Learn to recognize the structures 2022-11-15182022-11-15186.SVA structure6.1 It rained heavily.S V A6.2 He coughed badly.S V A6.3 The rabbit ran in
15、 the woods.S V AIn SVA structure,adverbial is usually at the end of the sentence.Please give another example of SVA structure!Learn to recognize the structures 2022-11-15192022-11-15197.SVOA structure7.1 A sheep is eating grass over there.S V O A7.2 Mum makes lunch in the kitchen.S V O A7.3 They lik
16、ed the film very much.S V O AIn SVOA structure,the verb is transitive and is followed by an object and an adverbial.Learn to recognize the structures 2022-11-15202022-11-15208.“There be”structure8.1 There is an apple on the table.V S A7.2 There are seven days in a week.V S A7.3 There is milk and bre
17、ad.V SIn“there be”structure,S and V are inverted.Vs number is decided by the very first noun of S.Learn to recognize the structures 2022-11-15212022-11-1521Exercise 1:Read the sentences and analyse the structures.(1)I have learning goals.(2)He works hard.(3)He never watches TV at night.(4)A fish swi
18、ms.(5)I was writing him an email.(6)They left the boy starved to death.(7)You feel tired.(8)There were some children on the playground.Learn to recognize the structures 2022-11-15222022-11-1522(1)I have learning goals.(SVO)(2)He works hard.(SVA)(3)He never watches TV at night.(SVOA)(4)A fish swims.(
19、SV)(5)I was writing him an email.(SV IO DO)(6)They left the boy starved to death.(SVOC)(7)You feel tired.(SP)(8)There were some children on the playground.(VS)Answers to Exercise 12022-11-15232022-11-1523Exercise 2:Analyse the structures of the underlined sentences in the passage.2022-11-15242022-11
20、-1524Answers to Exercise 2:1.Lang Ping brought honour and glory to her country.S V DO IO2.She led the China womens volleyball team to medals at Olympics.S V O A3.The team was falling apart.S V A4.Losing two important players was a big challenge.S P5.She had faced difficulties before.S V O A6.They we
21、re world champions!S P2022-11-15252022-11-1525Exercise 3:Find the differences SP vs.SVA 1.The boy looks great.S P2.The boy worked very hard.S V AAny differences between“great”and“very hard”?2022-11-15262022-11-1526Answer to“the differences of SP vs.SVA”1.P in“SP”means“_”2.VA means“_”3.For example:lo
22、ok great (look:link verb;great:adj.)P(link verb+adj.)work hard (work:vi.;hard:adv.)V A(vi.+adv.)link verb”+“adj./nounintransitive verb”+adverb2022-11-15272022-11-1527Exercise 4:Find the differences SVOC vs.SVOA 1.The news made me happy.S V O C2.The mother missed her kid badly.S V O Ahappy vs.badlyDi
23、fferences?2022-11-15282022-11-1528Answer to“the differences SVOC vs.SVOA”1.“C”means“_.”2.“A”means“_”The news made me in the room.?nouns/adjectivesadverbs/prepositional phrases2022-11-15292022-11-1529SummaryIn this period,weve learned about some important concepts of syntax.1.The definitions of S,V,O
24、,P,A,DO,IO,C2.Morphologic features of S,V,O,P,A,DO,IO,C3.The particular features of verbs4.The significance of learning verb patterns2022-11-15302022-11-1530Homework1.Recite concepts of S,V,O,P,A,DO,IO,C.2.Think about the significance of distinguishing“vi.”from“vt.”2022-11-15312022-11-15311.n.挑战;艰巨任
25、务v.向挑战,怀疑 adj.引起争论的;挑战性的 n.挑战者 2.adj.流利的;熟练的 adv.流利地;流畅地 3._n.毕业生v.毕业;获得学位 n.毕业;分级 4._v.建议;推荐;介绍_ n.推许;推荐;赞许;建议;劝告 5.n.文学;文学作品 adj.文学的,精通文学的,文艺的 6.adv.显然;明显地 adj.明显的,显然的,明白的 7.v.改进;改善_ n.改进;改善;改良 8.adj.负责的,有责任的 adv.合乎理性地;可信赖地 n.责任,负担,职责 challenge challengingchallengerfluentfluentlygraduategraduationrecommendrecommendationliterature literaryobviouslyobviousimproveimprovementresponsibleresponsiblyresponsibility
