1、Discovering Useful StructuresRestrictive relative clauses(1)Unit 4Natural disasters1.Do some exercises to help understand the grammar.2.To learn and understand the grammarRestrictive relative clauses(1).语法感悟一.感知以下句子，完成下面的小题1.There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls.2.Eleven kilometres
2、directly below the city，one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun，a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing.3.Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.4.The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was m
3、ore than 400,000.5.Soon after the quakes，the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.6.Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.7.The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the coun
4、try.根据以上句子，完成下列练习1.以上定语从句由关系代词 引导，修饰名词或代词，置于被修饰词的 。2.关系代词which，that，who在定语从句中可以作 ；关系代词whose在定语从句中作 。who，which，that，whose后面主语或宾语定语语法精讲二限制性定语从句(2)关系代词一、基本概念二、关系代词的用法1.关系代词whoThe number of people who were killed in the disaster was over 100.在那次灾难中丧生的人数超过了100。He is the athlete who I met yesterday.他就是我昨天
5、遇见的那个运动员。总结：关系代词who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。2.关系代词whomThe boy(whom)the teacher often praises is their monitor.老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。The girl(who/whom/that)the soldier rescued yesterday is Johns sister.昨天这位士兵救的女孩是约翰的妹妹。The man to whom you spoke just now is my captain.刚才和你说话的男人是我的队长。总结：(1)关系代词whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略
6、，也可用who/that来代替。(2)在从句中作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后时，用whom，不用who。3.关系代词whichEverywhere I saw，there were buildings which had been destroyed by the earthquake.我看到到处都是被地震毁掉的建筑。The gold medal(which)she won has been given to her old school.她获得的那块金牌已经被送给她的母校了。总结：关系代词which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。4.关系代词thatYesterday I re
7、ad an article that/which was about natural disasters.昨天我读到一篇关于自然灾害的文章。Do you know the girl that/who is talking with our teacher?你认识正和我们老师说话的那个女孩吗？The woman(that/who/whom)I read about in the newspaper has just won a gold medal.我在报纸上读到的那位女士刚刚赢得一枚金牌。The report(that/which)Mr Turner handed in was about t
8、he motor race.特纳先生递交的报告是关于汽车比赛的。总结：关系代词that既可以指人，相当于who或whom；也可以指物，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。5.关系代词whoseThis is the person whose story surprises everybody.就是这个人的故事让所有人感到吃惊。The classroom whose door/the door of which/of which the door is broken can hold 40 students.那间门坏了的教室能容纳40个学生。总结：关系代词whose通常指
9、人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。指物时，“whose名词”可用“限定词名词of which”或“of which限定词名词”来代替。注意事项1.宜用that不宜用which的情况(口诀：very/only/序/最高，人物/不定that好)(1)当先行词是all，little，few，much，something，anything，everything，nothing，some等不定代词或者被all，much，little，no等词修饰时。All that can be done has been done.一切能做的都已经做完了。(2)当先行词被the only，the very等修饰时。M
10、usic is the only thing that interests me.音乐是唯一令我感兴趣的东西。(3)当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。This is the most shocking news that I have ever heard.这是我曾经听过的最令人震惊的消息。(4)当先行词中既有人又有物时。She described in her composition the people and places that impressed her most.她在作文中描述了令她印象最深刻的一些人和地方。2.宜用which不宜用that的情况(1)
11、关系代词前有介词时。The house in which I used to live became ruins in the big fire.我过去住的房子在大火中变成了一片废墟。(2)在非限制性定语从句中。The traveller saw many buildings along the way，which were quite different from those in his hometown.这个旅行者沿途看到了许多的建筑物，这些建筑物和他家乡的很不一样。3.宜用who不宜用that的情况(1)当先行词是I，you，he，they等人称代词或指人的不定代词，如one，ones
12、，anyone时。Anyone who does that must be mad.谁那样做都一定是疯了。He who doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a true man.不到长城非好汉。(2)当先行词为指人的those时。Those who have good manners will be highly respected.那些有礼貌的人会备受尊重。4.定语从句的谓语动词的形式The suitcase that/which lies on the ground is hers.放在地上的那个手提箱是她的。This is one of the book
13、s which were written by Charles Dickens.这是查尔斯狄更斯所写的书的其中一本。He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned French.他是我们班男生中唯一一个学过法语的。总结：(1)关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词要和先行词的数保持一致。(2)“one of复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用复数形式；“the only one of复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用单数形式。达标检测三完成下列语段，尽可能地运用定语从句这个年轻人是个残疾人，他的双腿都没了。我不能相信我看到
14、的东西，不知道如何缓解我的尴尬。这个年轻人解释道：“三年前我去看望生病的父母时在一场车祸中失去了双腿。”The young man was a disabled person whose legs were gone.I couldnt believe the thing(that/which)I saw and didnt know how to ease my embarrassment.The man explained，“I lost both of my legs in a car accident three years ago when I went to visit my parents who/that were ill.”Thank you!
