1、 Unit 4Reading and Thinking Unit4学习目标 1.定语从句（关系代词用法分析）2.熟练辨认后置定语 （介词短语，非谓语动词+定语从句）3.sth+be+adj+to do结构 Unit4Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei.For several days，the water in the village wells rose and fell，rose and fell.词汇：strange 奇怪的 countryside 乡村 well 井 rise-ros
2、e-risen 升高Reading and Thinking-para.1翻译：河北省东北部的农村地区怪事连连：一连几天，村子里的井水升升降降，起起伏伏 讲解：in the village wells 介词短语作后置定语 There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls.词汇：crack 裂缝 appear 出现 Reading and Thinking-para.1翻译：井壁上出现了深深的裂缝 讲解：that引导了定语从句，从句缺少主语，修饰物用which或者that,本句用了that At least one well had s
3、ome smelly gas coming out of it.词汇：smelly 臭的 gas 气体 Reading and Thinking-para.1翻译：至少有一口水井的裂缝冒出臭气。讲解：coming out of it 修饰前边的的gasChickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat，and dogs refused to go inside buildings.词汇：refuse 拒绝 Reading and Thinking-para.1翻译：鸡甚至猪都焦虑不安，不愿进食；狗拒绝进入屋内。讲解：too+adj/adv(for sb
4、)to do sth意为“太.以至于不能”表示否定意义 Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide，and fish jumped out of the water.词汇：run out of 从.中跑出 hide 隐藏 Reading and Thinking-para.1 翻译：老鼠跑到田外，寻找藏身之所，鱼儿也跳出水面。讲解：looking for places to hide 不是field的后置定语，因为field田地根本发不出寻找地方隐藏的动作At about 3：00 a.m.,on 28 July 1976，bri
5、ght lights were seen in the sky outside the city of Tangshan and loud noises were heard.词汇：bright 明亮的 light 亮光 noise 噪音 Reading and Thinking-para.1 翻译：1976年7月28日凌晨3:00左右，唐山城外的天空中出现了耀眼亮光，接着又传来巨大的声响。讲解：were seen 和were heard 一般过去时被动 But the citys one million people were asleep as usual that night.词汇：as
6、leep 睡着的 as usual 如往常一样 Reading and Thinking-para.1 翻译：然而，那天晚上城里的百万居民仍像往常一样沉睡在梦乡。At 3:42 a.m.,everything began to shake.It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!词汇：shake 颤动 seem 看起来 as if 好像 come to an end 结束 Reading and Thinking-para.2 翻译：凌晨3:42，万物开始摇晃，仿佛世界末日即将来临！讲解：本句as if 后用了虚拟语气，在虚拟语气中be动
7、词都用were的形式，所以这里虽然world是单数，也不用wasEleven kilometres directly below the city,one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun,a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing.词汇：directly 直接地 below 在.下 deadly 致命的 earthquake 地震 quake 震动 Reading and Thinking-para.2
8、翻译：在城市正下方的11千米处，20世纪伤害最严重之一的地震爆发了，远在150多千米以外的北京都受到了这场地震的破坏小组讨论a quake that.结构如结构如何理解呢？何理解呢？Eleven kilometres directly below the city,one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun,a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing.词汇：directly 直接地 below 在.下 dea
9、dly 致命的 earthquake 地震 quake 震动 Reading and Thinking-para.2 讲解：a quake that.同位语+定语从句，定语从句缺少主语，前边修饰名词，用which或者thatNearly one third of the whole nation felt it!A huge crack,eight kilometres long and 30 metres wide,cut across houses,roads,and waterways.词汇：whole 整个的 huge 巨大的 cut across 横切 Reading and Thi
10、nking-para.2 翻译：全国几乎三分之一的地区均有震感！一条8千米长、30米宽的巨大裂缝横切房屋、道路和水路。讲解：eight kilometres long and 30 metres wide本质是定语从句的省略，补全的话 A huge crack,（which was）eight kilometres long and 30 metres wideHard hills of rock became rivers of dirt.In less than one minute,a large city lay in ruins.词汇：hard 坚硬的 rock 岩石 rivers
11、of dirt 泥石流 lay in ruins 沦为废墟 Reading and Thinking-para.2 翻译：坚硬的石山变成了泥沙流。在不到一分钟的时间里，一座大城市沦为废墟。Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.词汇：two thirds of 三分之二的 injured 受伤的 Reading and Thinking-para.2 翻译：城里三分之二的居民在地震中死亡或受伤 讲解：定语从句，从句缺少主语，前边修饰人，用who Thousands of children were left w
12、ithout parents.词汇：thousands of 数以千计的 Reading and Thinking-para.2 翻译：数以千计的孩子失去了父母。讲解：be left+补语成分 为 leave sb+补语 的被动形式，leave sb+补语意为使.变得怎样 The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000.词汇：kill 杀死 quake 震动 Reading and Thinking-para.2 翻译：在此次地震中丧亡或身受重伤的人数超过了40万。
13、讲解：定语从句缺少主语，前边修饰人，所以用了who Everywhere survivors looked，there was nothing but ruins.词汇：survivor 幸存者 nothing but 仅仅，只 Reading and Thinking-para.3 翻译：幸存者目及之处无一不是废墟 讲解：everywhere引导地点状语从句，意为.的各处Nearly everything in the city was destroyed.About 75 percent of the citys factories and buildings，90 percent of
14、its homes，and all of its hospitals were gone.词汇：gone 逝去的 Reading and Thinking-para.3 翻译：万物尽毁。市内大约75%的工厂和大楼、90%的住房和所有的医院都倒塌了。讲解：was destroyed 被动语态 主语为and 并列的三个名词词组Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves，but no wind could blow them away.词汇：brick 砖 cover 覆盖 blow away 吹走 Reading and Thinking-pa
15、ra.3 翻译：砖块就像秋天的红叶覆盖着地面，但是却没有风能将其吹走。讲解：like red autumn leaves 像是秋天的叶子，like是 像的意思Most bridges had fallen or were not safe to cross.The railway tracks were now useless pieces of metal.词汇：bridge 桥梁 cross 穿越 railway track 铁轨 useless 无用的 metal 金属 Reading and Thinking-para.3 翻译：大多数桥梁不是坍塌了就是无法安全通行了。铁轨变成了废金属
16、块；讲解：and并列了两个谓语动词 be+adj+to do 干起来是什么样的 e.g.were not safe to cross 穿越起来不安全Reading and Thinking-para.3限时练1Your question is hard_(answer)2.The house is comfortable _(live)in.3.The apple is difficult _(reach).4.Modern methods of tracking polar bear have been employed only since1980s and are expensive_(
17、perform)(2019全国一)to answerto liveto reachto performTens of thousands of cows，hundreds of thousands of pigs，and millions of chickens were dead.词汇：tens of thousands of 数以万计的 hundreds of thousands of 数十万的 millions of 数百万的 Reading and Thinking-para.3 翻译：数万头奶牛、数十万头猪和数百万只鸡也都死掉了讲解：and 并列了三个名词词组作主语Sand now
18、filled the wells instead of water.People were in shockand then，later that afternoon，another big quake shook Tangshan again.词汇：sand 沙子 fill 充满 in shock 处于震惊中 shake-shook-shaken 颤动 Reading and Thinking-para.3 翻译：沙子灌满水井，井水消失殆尽。人们惊恐万状，然而临近傍晚时分，又一次强烈的地震撼动唐山。Even more buildings fell down.Water，food，and el
19、ectricity were hard to get.词汇：fall down 倒塌 Reading and Thinking-para.3 翻译：更多的楼房倒塌了。没有水、食物，电也停了。讲解：sth+be+adj+to do People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.词汇：wonder疑惑 last 持续 Reading and Thinking-para.3 讲解：how long 引导宾语从句，此处为how+adj引导的宾语从句，后边的宾语从句整体为感叹句语序。翻译：人们心里开始疑惑这场灾难还会持续多久。But ho
20、pe was not lost.Soon after the quakes，the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.词汇：army 军队 dig out 挖出 trap 困住 bury 埋葬 Reading and Thinking-para.4 翻译：然而，希望尚存。地震发生后不久，部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中抢救出来，并掩埋了死者。讲解：定语从句后边缺少主语，前边修饰人，用who,those 不做特别说明，就翻译成
21、那些人More than 10，000 doctors and nurses came to provide medical care.词汇：provide 提供 medical care 医疗护理 Reading and Thinking-para.4 翻译：上万名医疗工作者赶到现场，救死扶伤 讲解：提供-provide offer supply Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.词汇:shelter 避难所 survivor 幸存者 Reading and Thinking-para.4
22、翻译：工人为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所 讲解：定语从句缺少定语，homes前边缺少定语修饰，所以用whose Hundreds of thousands of people were helped.词汇:shelter 避难所 survivor 幸存者 Reading and Thinking-para.4 翻译：数十万的群众获到了帮助 讲解：were helped 被动语态一般过去时Water and food were brought into the city by train，truck，and plane.Slowly，the city began to breathe aga
23、in.词汇:truck 卡车 breathe 呼吸 Reading and Thinking-para.4 翻译：火车、卡车和飞机给城市运来了食物和饮用水。慢慢地，这座城市又开始恢复了生机。讲解：by train 方式状语，通过.的方式 Tangshan started to revive itself and get back up on its feet.词汇:revive 使.复苏 get back 恢复 on ones feet 站立 Reading and Thinking-para.5 翻译：唐山重新站起来并获得了新生。With strong support from the go
24、vernment and the tireless efforts of the citys people，a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins.词汇:support 支持 government 政府 tireless 不知疲倦的 ruins 废墟 Reading and Thinking-para.5 翻译：有了来自政府的大力支持以及唐山人民的不懈努力，一座新的唐山在废墟中被建立起来。讲解：with 结构中，with 为伴随的意思，骨架就是with support and efforts,其他的词为修饰support 和effo
25、rt的定语 The new city has become a home to more than seven million people，with great improvements in transportation，industry，and environment.词汇:a home to.的家园 improvement 提升 transportation 交通 industry 工业 Reading and Thinking-para.5 翻译：这座新的城市已经成为700多万人的家园，交通、工业和环境都得到了巨大的改善。讲解：a home to 中的to翻译成.的 with表示带着
26、，伴随着 to作介词的词作介词的词组，你还知道组，你还知道那些？那些？Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster，people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future.词汇:prove 证明 the rest of the world 世界其他地区 in times of 在.的时候 unify 团结 wisdom 智慧 rebuild 重建 R
27、eading and Thinking-para.5 讲解：prove to sb that.向某人证明了.to stay positive and rebuild 为目的状语，翻译为 为了保持乐观积极和重建 翻译：唐山向中国、向世界证明，在自然灾难中，人民必须勠力同心，保持乐观的心态和重建家园的决心。课后小结 1.定语从句（关系代词用法分析）2.熟练辨认后置定语 （介词短语，非谓语动词+定语从句）3.sth+be+adj+to do结构 Unit4 课后留白(高考链接)Unit31.one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century
28、had begun,a quake_ even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing.2.Two thirds of the people _ lived there were dead or injured.3.the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those_ were trapped and to bury the dead.4.Workers built shelters for survivors_ homes had been destroyed.thatwhowhowhose
