1、Unit 1Discovering Useful Structures找出下列句子中的名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语。1.Being a freshman at senior high school is a really big challenge.2.Its a little confusing to choose suitable courses and extra-curricular activities.3.To choose suitable courses,I have to think very carefully and ask the school adviser for
2、 help.4.My adviser recommended that I should sign up for advanced literature.5.As to extra-curricular activities,I wont quit football and I will find a way to improve so that Ican make the team.6.I have to study harder and be responsible for a lot more.7.Im a bit worried about keeping up with the ot
3、her students in my advanced course.类型类型构成构成作用作用名词短语（名词短语（NP）（限定词）+（形容词、形容词短语、描述性名词）+名词+（介词短语）在句中相当于名词，一般用作主语、宾语、表语或宾补形容词短语（形容词短语（AdjP）（副词）+形容词+（介词短语）在句中当作形容词用，可以修饰名词或代词，还可以用作表语或宾补副词短语（副词短语（AdvP）（副词）+副词在句中当作副词用，可以修饰动词、形容词或副词 一、名词短语（一、名词短语（noun phrase,简称简称 NP)定义：名词短语是指由几个名词或名词及其修饰语构成的短语。它是英语句子的核心组成部分。
4、构成：名词的修饰语与名词有两种位置关系：一是放在被修饰名词的前面，叫做前置定语或定语；二是放在被修饰名词的后面，叫做后置定语。具体形式有：具体形式有：1.两个或多个名词可以由and等对等连词连接，构成名词短语Men and women are both invited to the party.男人和女人都被邀请参加聚会。2.冠词作修饰语，可与后面的名词构成名词短语I dont know the woman in white.我不认识那个穿白色衣服的女人。3.名词本身作修饰语，可与后面的名词构成名词短语He went to the bus station with his friends.他和
5、朋友们一起去了公交车站。4.形容词作修饰语，可与后面的名词构成名词短语Bob,the famous singer,will come to our city to perform.著名歌手鲍勃将来我们的城市演出。5.介词及其宾语作修饰语，可与前面的名词构成名词短语 They are looking for a man without his left leg.他们在找一个缺了左腿的男人。6.不定式或不定式短语作修饰语，可与前面的名词构成名词短语The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important.明天要开的会很重要。7.分词作修饰语，可与后面的名词
6、构成名词短语The sleeping child is his son.正在睡觉的孩子是他的儿子。8.动名词作修饰语，可与后面的名词构成名词短语He went to the shopping mall.他去商场了。功能：名词短语可以在句中充当主语、宾语、宾补等。The handsome young man is Jims brother.那个英俊的年轻人是吉姆的兄弟。(作主语）I learn that youre coming to visit one of your Chinese friends.我知道你要来拜访你的一个中国朋友。(作宾语）We made him our group lea
7、der.我们让他当我们的组长。(作宾补）二、形容词短语（二、形容词短语（Adjective Phrase,简称简称AdjP)定义：定义：形容词短语是指由几个形容词或形容词及其修饰语构成的短语。构成：构成：1.两个或多个形容词可以由and,but 等并列连词连接，构成形容词短语Your room is large and beautiful.你的房间大且美丽。2.very,enough等程度副词作修饰语，可与形容词构成形容词短语The road is long enough.这条路够长的。3.介词及其宾语可用在形容词后作修饰语，可与形容词一起构成形容词短语The bottle is full o
8、f water.瓶子里装满了水。4.不定式在形容词后作修饰语，与形容词一起构成形容词短语He is anxious to know the answer.他焦急地想知道答案。功能：功能：形容词短语可作定语、表语、宾补和状语等。Li Ming is a high school student always ready to help others.李明是一名高中生，总是乐于助人。(作定语）China is rich in natural resources.中国自然资源丰富。(作表语）We found them tired and sleepy at home.我们发现他们在家又累又困。(作宾补
9、）Much interested,he agreed to give it a try.他很感兴趣，答应试一试。(作状语）注意：多个形容词修饰同一名词时的顺序是固定的，其顺序为：（1）冠词、指示代词、不定代词、物主代词（2）序数词、基数词（3）一般性描绘形容词（4）大小、长短、形状、年龄、新旧（5）颜色（6）国籍、出处（7）材料（8）用途、类别（9）最终修饰的名词或动名词。口诀：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老；颜色国籍跟材料，用途类别往后靠。三、副词短语（三、副词短语（Adverb Phrase,简称简称AdvP)定义：副词短语是指由几个副词或副词及其修饰语构成的短语，副词短语以副词为核心词，
10、同时整个短语在句子中仍然为副词的功能。构成：1.两个或多个副词可以由and,but 等对等连词连接构成副词短语I tried again and again.我试了一遍又一遍。2.very,quite,extremely等程度副词作修饰语，可与其他副词构成副词短语My grandma sat in the chair quite comfortably.我奶奶坐在椅子上相当舒服。3.介词及其宾语可用在副词后修饰副词，可与副词构成副词短语He ran fast on his way home.回家的路上他跑得很快。功能：副词短语可修饰动词、形容词、副词和介词等；主要在句中作状语，表示时间、地点、
11、方式等意义，还可作表语、定语、宾补等。Jim spoke so quickly that no one could understand him.吉姆说得那么快，谁也听不懂他的话。(作状语，表原因）The doctor came back quite recently.那位医生最近回来了。(作状语，表时间）The teacher speaks clearly enough.老师说得够清楚。(作状语，表方式）Answer the question using the phrases in brackets.1)How soon do you think youll finish your hom
12、ework?(pretty soon)Ill finish my homework pretty soon.2)What do you think of your new teachers?(very nice and patient)My new teachers are very nice and patient.3)How many clubs have you joined this year?(two clubs)I have joined two clubs this year.4)How well does Rita play the violin?We need a new v
13、iolinist in our music club.(quite well)Rita plays the violin quite well.5)What did you adviser say about advanced literature course?(too difficult but very interesting)My adviser said the advanced literature course was too difficult,but very interesting.Group work Ive always wanted to be a high scho
14、ol cheerleader.Yesterday,I tried out for my schools cheerleading team.It was really hard.First,we had to dance time and time again.The teacher showed us very patiently how to move,and then we tried many times.Second,we practised singing an inspiring song about the excellent school football team.Finally,some girls had to lift their partners.The other girls jumped and cheered very loudly.I think I did quite well,but the other girls were even better.Im not sure if Ill make the team or not.
