1、专题三完形填空策略综述第一步通读全文，细读首句对于完形填空，很多考生存在一个解题误区，即上来就做题。事实上，在不理解文章大意的前提下去做题，其结果会是不断修正，既浪费了时间又不能保证正确率。因此，考生首先要通读全文去掌握大意，而多数情况下细读首句又是了解主旨最有效的方式。第二步边读边填，先易后难完形填空中有一半的题目都是基础送分题，也就是我们上面提到的句内层次题。这些题目完全可以根据掌握的文章大意和内容梗概，再结合一些基础语法常识或凭借语感顺势得出答案。随着空缺越来越少，文意会越来越凸显，此时我们便可结合群信息，去解答句组层次题。第三步复核验证，敲定答案完形填空中总有两三道较难的题目，这类题目
2、的解题信息不局限于某一句或某一句群，而是分散在某一段或某几段甚至是全篇中，这就是我们说的语篇层次题。此类试题要求考生理解全篇、理清脉络，明确作者的写作意图、思想情感，必须从全局出发去解答。因此，考生应在以上两步的基础上去复读全文，验证推敲，最终去确定所有答案。一、利用文章首句解题完形填空的首句往往不设空，是一个完整的句子。通过细读首句，可以判断文章体裁，预测文章大意和主旨，对解题非常关键。典例(2016北京高考)It was a cold January in 1925 in Nome, Alaska. The town was cut off from the rest of the wor
3、ld due to heavy snow.On the 20th of that month, Dr Welch _36_ a sick boy, Billy, and knew he had diphtheria, a deadly infectious (传染的) disease mainly affecting children. The children of Nome would be _37_ if it struck the town. Dr Welch needed medicine as soon as possible to stop other kids from get
4、ting sick. _38_， the closest supply was over 1,000 miles away, in Anchorage.36A.examined BwarnedCinterviewed Dcured37A.harmless BhelplessCfearless Dcareless38A.Moreover BThereforeCOtherwise DHowever解析36.A根据下文“knew he had diphtheria”可知，医生给小男孩做了检查。故选A。37B根据第一段内容可知，因为有大雪封城，很难得到药品，所以这种传染病如果在整个小镇爆发，很多小孩都
5、会很无助。故选B。38DWelch大夫需要立即得到药品，而最近的药物供应地离这儿有一千多英里，前后两句话之间是转折关系，故答案为D项。moreover “此外，而且”；therefore “因此，所以”；otherwise “否则，不然”；however “然而，可是”。 二、利用习惯搭配或固定结构解题完形填空中经常会考查一些习惯搭配或固定结构，此类试题相当容易，考生平时注意积累总结是关键。典例(2018全国卷)He was unconscious and as I look at his face, something _52_ to me.Ahappened BoccurredCappli
6、ed Dappealed解析Bsomething occurs to sb.为固定搭配，意为“某人突然想起某事”。故答案选B。三、利用生活常识或文化背景解题完形填空中往往渗透着诸如文化科学、历史地理、风俗人情等方面的知识，做题时利用这些知识，特别是注意中西方文化差异，巧妙地加以运用将会大大简化分析与判断过程，节省下宝贵的时间。典例(2018全国卷)Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, Im still putting to use what he 55.taught me: “The absolute most important _56_ t
7、hat you learn when you play chess is how to make good 57.decisions. On every single move you have to _58_ a situation, process what your opponent (对手) is doing and 59.evaluate the best move from among all your options.”56A.fact BstepCmanner Dskill58A.analyze BdescribeCrebuild Dcontrol解析56.D58.A这两道题均
8、可利用生活常识和文化背景去解答。 根据生活常识可知，下象棋时学到最重要的应该是“技能”；下象棋时每走一步都必须“分析”局势。四、利用平行结构解题平行结构是指结构相同或相似、意思密切相连、语气一致的句子或词组组成一串排列的语言现象(如由and, or等连接的短语或句子)。此种结构形式整齐匀称，内容联系紧密，利用它可以提高解题效率。典例(2019全国卷)“People have been _53_ there and standing there and taking 54.pictures of each other，” Ro says. “The town square was totally
9、 55.full. . ”Adriving BhidingCcamping Dsitting解析Dand用于连接平行结构，与空后standing对应的应该是sitting。故选D。五、利用情感态度解题在做完形填空时，我们一定要在快速阅读文章的基础上，留意能够反映作者态度和感情色彩的重要词汇。因为这些词汇通常为我们做题的重要参考线索，可帮助我们快速确定某些题目的答案。典例(2017全国卷)Freddy was an average 44.student,_but not an average person. He had the rare balance of fun and compassio
10、n (同情). He would 45.laugh the loudest over fun and be the saddest over anyones _46_.Amisfortune BdisbeliefCdishonesty Dmistake解析A根据空格前的saddest可知，只有不幸(misfortune)才令人伤心。故选A。六、利用语义复现解题语义复现不仅是同一个词，同义词、反义词、近义词都可能成为这类题目的解题关键点，但是这些词可能隐藏得比较深。上下文之间可能互相暗示答案，但有时上下文相隔较远，因此要注意寻找。典例(2019全国卷)But that 45.changed wh
11、en a system of hightech _46_ was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks (山峰) into the valley below. Wednesday, residents (居民) of Rjukan 47.received their very first ray of winter sunshine：A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to 48.use. The mirrors are controlle
12、d by a computer that 49.directs them to turn along with the sun . Acomputers BtelescopesCmirrors Dcameras解析C根据下文中的“The mirrors are controlled .”可知此处应填mirrors(镜子)。七、利用逻辑关系解题此种方法是通过分析空格前后文的逻辑关系来确定答案，主要应用于完形填空的两类题型：一是考查连词和起连词作用的短语；二是考查上下文的逻辑关系。无论是句内层次题还是句组层次题，利用逻辑关系去解答都是一种重要的方法。典例1(2016全国卷)We went 101
13、and I was named most valuable player, _48_ I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Millers 49.accident.Aand BthenCbut Dthus解析C空格前一句意为“我们以101赢得了比赛，并且我被评为最有价值的球员”，空格的后一句意为“我经常做疯狂的梦在梦中我总认为自己应该为Miller的车祸负责”。显然前后句为转折关系，故选C。典例2(2017全国卷)The following term, I 56.registered for an ASL class. The
14、 professor was deaf and any talking was 57.prohibited. I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant. _58_， if there had been any talking, it would have 59.caused us to learn less. Now, I appreciate the silence and the 60.new way of communication it opens.ALastly BThusCInstead DHowever解析C根据上下文
15、可知，作者很快意识到无声并非是不愉快的，相反(Instead)，如果有任何的谈话，会导致他们学习得更少。前后文为对比关系，故选C。八、利用语境暗示解题上下文语境具体体现为：全文的中心主线和主题、作者的态度和评价、上下文的语篇衔接、句际和段际关系。无论是句内层次题还是句组层次题，我们常可通过上下文语境暗示，推导出正确答案。典例(2019全国卷)Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They 41.bring with them lots of was
16、te. . tons of rubbish . The environmental challenges are _48_ . Anew BspecialCsignificant Dnecessary解析C根据上文“乞力马扎罗山有很多游客，制造了很多垃圾”可知，这里面临的环境挑战是巨大的(significant)，故选C。第1讲记叙文记叙文是高考完形填空中出现频率最高的一类文体。该体裁以记人、叙事为主；多以人物思想和行为为中心；以时间或空间的变化为线索，按事件的发生、发展和结束来展开叙述；时态上多以一般过去时为主，其他时态为辅；大量使用动词；适当会有间接引语。1抓住文章中心。中心思想是文章的灵
17、魂和统帅，其他的写作要素都紧紧围绕这一中心进行。抓住中心有助于明确做题方向，提高针对性。 2.明确叙述角度。通常记叙文有两大叙述角度：第一人称和第三人称。第一人称就是从“自我参与”的角度进行叙述，考生可从字里行间读出作者对人物、事件或景色的情感态度。第三人称就是从“旁观者”的角度客观地记人、叙事、状物。在做题时考生可采用“角色渗透法”，即假设自己就是文中的角色会有什么感受、做出怎样的选择等，这样有助于走进作者的思维，深入理解文章的含义。3理清写作顺序。根据写作的需要作者往往采用顺叙、倒叙或插叙等方法进行叙述。理清这些线索有助于了解事情发展的来龙去脉，从而更迅速、准确地理解文意。4明确写作要素。
18、包括事情发生的时间(when)、地点(where)、事件的内容(what)、人物(who)、原因(why)等。弄清了这些要素也就基本上抓住了文章的主体，理解了整篇文章。5洞悉写作目的。同学们要知道就事论事绝不是记叙文的最终目的，而最终目的是借助叙事来阐明一个道理，给人以启迪或教益。因此，只有在分析具体情节的基础上认真体会文字背后的东西，才能洞悉作者的写作目的，抓住文章的主题。真题导练(2019全国卷)Its about 250 miles from the hills of westcentral Iowa to Ehlers home in Minnesota. During the lon
19、g trip home, following a weekend of hunting, Ehlers _41_ about the small dog he had seen _42_ alongside the road. He had _43_ to coax (哄) the dog to him but, frightened, it had _44_.Back home, Ehlers was troubled by that _45_ dog. So, four days later, he called his friend Greg, and the two drove _46
20、_. After a long and careful _47_， Greg saw, across a field, the dog moving _48_ away. Ehlers eventually succeeded in coaxing the animal to him. Nervousness and fear were replaced with _49_. It just started licking (舔) Ehlers face.A local farmer told them the dog sounded like one _50_ as lost in the
21、local paper. The ad had a _51_ number for a town in southern Michigan. Ehlers _52_ the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them he had _53_ their dog.Jeff had _54_ in Iowa before Thanksgiving with his dog, Rosie, but the gun shots had scared the dog off. Jeff searched _55_ for Rosie in the next four day
22、s.Ehlers returned to Minnesota, and then drove 100 miles to Minneapolis to put Rosie on a flight to Michigan. “Its good to know theres still someone out there who _56_ enough to go to that kind of _57_，” says Lisa of Ehlers rescue _58_.“I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as _59_ to it
23、as I am to my dogs，” says Ehlers. “If it had been my dog, Id hope that somebody would be _60_ to go that extra mile.”41A.read BforgotCthought Dheard42A.fighting BtremblingCeating Dsleeping43A.tried BagreedCpromised Dregretted44A.calmed down Bstood upCrolled over Drun off45A.injured BstolenClost Dres
24、cued46A.home BpastCback Don47A.preparation BexplanationCtest Dsearch48A.cautiously BcasuallyCskillfully Dangrily本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了一位男士帮助素不相识的人找回走失的狗的故事，体现了和谐的人际关系。41根据上文可知，回家旅途中，Ehlers碰到一只小狗。再根据下文中Ehlers和小狗的故事可知，他在回家的路上一直想着那条狗。故选C。42根据下文中的frightened可知，此处表示那条狗正在路边发抖。故选B。43结合后面的“to coax (哄) the dog to h
25、im but, frightened, it had _44_”可知，本来Ehlers试图把那条狗哄到身边来，希望帮助它，但是却没有成功。故选A。44虽然Ehlers想把狗哄到身边来，帮助它，但是狗却因害怕而跑掉了。故选D。45根据上文可知，那条狗跑掉了，因此Ehlers被那条走失的狗弄得心烦意乱。此处与第50空和第58空后的“lost”相呼应。故选C。46根据本段第一句可知，Ehlers回家了，但是他被那条走失的狗弄得心烦意乱，所以，四天后， 他叫上他的朋友Greg，开车回去寻找那条狗。故选C。47结合前面的“After a long and careful”和后面的“Greg saw, a
26、cross a field, the dog moving _48_ away”可知，经过长时间的仔细搜索，Greg看见了那条狗。故选D。48根据第一段最后一句中的“frightened”和下文的“nervousness and fear”可知，那条狗受到惊吓，感到紧张不安和恐惧，因此当Greg看见它的时候，它正小心谨慎地移动。故选A。49根据空格前面的“nervousness and fear were replaced”以及后面的“It just started licking (舔) Ehlers face.”可知，它的不安和恐惧被快乐取代。故选B。50结合下文“as lost in t
27、he local paper”及“the ad”可知，一位当地的农场主告诉他们这条狗好像是当地报纸上刊登(的寻狗启示的)广告上描述的走失的狗。故选B。51根据后面的“number for a town in southern Michigan”和“the number of Jeff and Lisa”以及生活常识可知，寻狗启事上应该有电话号码。故选B。52根据后面的“the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them he had _53_ their dog”可知，Ehlers打电话把这件事告诉Jeff和Lisa，即狗的主人。故选A。53根据前面的“Ehler
28、s _52_ the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them”并结合生活常识可知，Ehlers当然是打电话告诉狗的主人，他发现了他们的狗。故选C。49A.surprise BjoyChesitation Danxiety50A.predicted BadvertisedCbelieved Drecorded51A.house BphoneCstreet Dcar52A.called BcopiedCcounted Dremembered53A.fed BadoptedCfound Dcured54A.hunted BskiedClived Dworked55A
29、.on purpose Bon timeCin turn Din vain56A.cares BseesCsuffers Dlearns57A.place BtroubleCwaste Dextreme58A.service BplanCeffort Dteam59A.equal BallergicCgrateful Dclose60A.suitable BproudCwise Dwilling54.根据后面的“in Iowa before Thanksgiving with his dog, Rosie, but the gun shots had scared the dog off”可知
30、，Jeff带着他的狗Rosie在Iowa打猎，但是枪声把狗吓跑了。故选A。55结合上文Ehlers发现了Rosie和本句“Jeff searched _55_ for Rosie in the next four days.”可知，Jeff找了四天，也没有找到他的狗，即徒劳无功。故选D。56分析本句中的“says Lisa of Ehlers rescue”可知，这句是狗的女主人Lisa赞美Ehlers的话。她认为有人能够关心一条狗，真是一件好事。故选A。57结合上文Ehlers邀请朋友Greg帮助寻找那条狗，并且根据本段第一句可知，他还回到Minnesota，又开车100英里到了Minnea
31、polis，在那里让Rosie登上了飞往Michigan的航班，这都说明他为那条狗经历了很多困难/周折。故选B。58根据上题解析可知，Ehlers为了Rosie做出了很多努力。故选C。59Ehlers认为无论是谁丢失了狗，都很可能像他对待自己的狗一样跟狗的关系很亲近。故选D。60分析本句可知，Ehlers认为，如果他的狗走丢了，他希望有人愿意不怕麻烦地去帮助寻找他的狗。故选D。过关检测(限时：45分钟)(2019湖南师大附中高考模拟)One morning in early fall, I found a pair of wild geese on our pond. The beautifu
32、l sight caught me by _1_， because wed never seen geese there before. I _2_ they would soon be on their way, so I enjoyed the _3_ to be close to them. I wondered where they came from and why theyd _4_ our pond.The next morning, the geese were _5_ our guests, so I watched them at a distance to show th
33、em I meant no _6_. Still, I couldnt _7_ getting a closer look. I stopped by some trees near the waters edge and quietly looked at them through the _8_. I was surprised to see that they were _9_ me.As the days passed, I continued to see them everyday. They craned their necks and raised their heads _1
34、0_ but seemed to realize I was a friend. Later, my _11_ about why they were staying at the pond so long changed to concern. It wouldnt be long before the _12_ winter came and the pond froze over.One day, as they were feeding in the grass, I discovered the reason for their _13_the male had a broken l
35、eft _14_. He was unable to fly, and his mate would not leave him behind. I asked a wildlife biologist friend what I should do. He explained that sometimes a broken wing will _15_ by itself and suggested that I let nature take its course.On the first day of November, I _16_ sight of the geese running
36、 toward the pond, beating their wings with great effort. Both _17_ climbed higher and flew over the pond. Then they turned back toward me, flying no more than 50 feet over my head as if to say goodbye. Then they were _18_.The seasons first snow fell the very next day. The birds must have _19_ that w
37、inter was coming and that it was time to go. I miss them very much now and Ill never forget their _20_ to each other. We can all learn a lesson or two from this pair.篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了作者家旁边的池塘里来了两只大雁，原来是一只大雁受伤了，它的伴侣留下来陪它，作者被它们的精神所感动。1A.anger Bsurprise Cterror Dsorrow答案：B根据空后的“because wed never see
38、n geese there before”我原先从来没有看见过大雁可知，这美丽的景象令人非常惊奇。surprise “惊奇”，符合句意。2A.denied Bimagined Crealized Dassumed答案：D结合后面的“they would soon be on their way”可知，我设想它们很快会上路，所以我享受接近它们的机会。assumed “设想”，符合句意。3A.opinion Bopportunity Cfeeling Dmessage答案：B此处表示我以为它们很快会上路，所以我享受接近它们的机会。opportunity “机会”，符合句意。4A.decided B
39、ordered Cchosen Dforgotten答案：C结合前面的“I wondered where they came from and why”可知，我想知道它们从哪里来，并且为什么会选择我们这里的池塘。choose “选择”，符合句意。5A.also Bstill Ceven Dseldom答案：B根据后面的“so I watched them at a distance”可知，第二天早晨，大雁依旧是我们的客人。still “仍然”，符合句意。6A.violence Bpain Charm Dpunishment答案：C与前面的“so I watched them at a dist
40、ance”我站在远处看着它们呼应，表明我没有伤害它们的意思。harm “伤害”，符合句意。7A.bear Bstop Crisk Dresist答案：D根据前面的“Still”和后面的“getting a closer look”可知，随着时间的流逝，我忍不住靠近它们看一看。resist “抵抗”，cant resist doing “忍不住、禁不住”，符合句意。8A.windows Bforests Cvillages Dbranches答案：D由前面的“I stopped by some trees near the waters edge”可知，我通过树枝安静地看着它们。branches
41、 “树枝”，符合句意。9A.laughing at Bshouting at Cstaring at Dwaving at答案：C结合前面的“quietly looked at them”及“surprised”可知，本来我想看看它们，结果我吃惊地看到它们正盯着我看。staring at “盯住”，符合句意。10A.cautiously Bpositively Cskeptically Dclearly答案：A根据前面的“They craned their necks and raised their heads”可知，此处是在描述大雁的神态，它们伸长脖子，小心地抬起头。cautiously
42、“慎重地”，符合句意。11A.worry Bhesitation Cclaim Dcuriosity答案：D由空后的“about why they were staying at the pond so long”判断出这是一种好奇心。curiosity “好奇心”，符合句意。12A.short Bcruel Cmild Dearly答案：B由空后的“and the pond froze over”可知不会太久，严酷的冬天将会来临。cruel “严酷的”，符合句意。13A.love Bplan Cjourney Dvisit答案：D与第一段中的“I found a pair of wild g
43、eese on our pond”和第二段中的“our guests”呼应，一天，它们在草地上吃东西时，我发现了它们到访的原因。visit “来访”，符合句意。14A.wing Bfoot Cleg Deye答案：A由空后的“He was unable to fly”可知，雄雁的左翅膀坏了。wing “翅膀”，符合句意。15A.test Bappear Cdrop Dheal答案：D由空后的“and suggested that I let nature take its course”可知他解释说，有时候受伤的翅膀可以自愈。heal “愈合”，符合句意。16A.fixed Bcaught C
44、met Dremembered答案：B结合后面的“the geese running toward the pond, beating their wings with great effort”可知，我看到大雁绕着池塘跑。catch sight of “看到；瞥见”，是固定短语。17A.hopefully Bcuriously Crecently Dgradually答案：D根据后面的“climbed higher and flew over the pond”可知，两只大雁逐步地向上攀升，飞过池塘。gradually “逐步地”，符合句意。18A.out of sight Bout of question Cout of place Dout of reach答案：A根据前面的“Then they turned back toward me, flying no more than 50 feet over my head as if to say goodbye.”可知，它们似乎在向我告别，然后我就看不见它们了。out of sight是固定用法，意思是“看不见”。19A.sensed Bplanned Cfound Dsmelt答案：A结合后面的“that winter was coming and that it was time to go”可知，鸟儿一定感觉冬天
