1、科技英语PPT课件ComputerComputer计算机计算机英语谚语一则英语谚语一则Constant dripping wears away a stone.Constant dripping wears away a stone.水滴石穿，绳锯木断。水滴石穿，绳锯木断。英语知识小点滴英语知识小点滴按揭购房按揭购房 take out a mortgage to buy a house;take out a mortgage to buy a house;buy a house on time buy a house on time课前小知识 A computer is an electron
2、ic machine that performs performs calculationscalculations and processes dataprocesses data automatically at high speed according to a prescribedprescribed sequence of operations.计算机是一种电子机器，它能够按照规定的运行顺序以高速进行自动计算和数据处理。规定的执行计算处理数据 Broadly speaking,Broadly speaking,the term can refer not only to an ele
3、ctronic machine but also to one of a mechanical,analog,analog,or other varietyvariety.Although all these types are used,computers usually mean electronic digital machines because electronic digital machines have many advantages and are widely used.一般说来，该术语不仅仅指电子机器，也可指机械式的、模拟的或其它类型的。虽然这些种类都在使用，但计算机通常
4、指的是电子数字机器，因为电子数字机器有许多优点并且得到了广泛的应用。一般地说，泛泛地说模拟的品种，种类 Computers vary greatly in size;the smallest can be incorporatedincorporated into a wristwatch,while the largest may fill an entire room.The electronic componentscomponents of computers enable them to perform operations at high speeds.计算机在体积上差别很大，最小
5、的可以嵌入一块手表内，而最大的则可以占据整个房间。计算机的电子元件可以使其以高速运行。加入，装入元件，构件 The fastest computer is able to perform billions of calculations per second.Computes are used to solve numerous problems,such as payroll calculationspayroll calculations,inventory recordsinventory records,bank account bank account transactionstra
6、nsactions,airline reservationsairline reservations,and scientific and engineering computations.最快的计算机每秒钟可以进行几十亿次运算。人们应用计算机解决众多问题如工资表计算、库存资产记录、银行账目交易、航班预定以及科技与工程方面的运算。工资表计算库存资产记录银行账目交易航班预定 For each problem,the user must supply the necessary data and prepare an appropriate programprogram(sequence of o
7、perations)by which the computer can process the data to produce the desired outputdesired output.程序期望的结果 Owing toOwing to the tremendous tremendous progress in the micro-miniaturization of the transistortransistor(the basic element of computers)since the late 1960s,inexpensive and small computers ha
8、ve become widely available,proliferatingproliferating in virtuallyvirtually every sectorsector of society.自20世纪60年代后期，由于晶体管（计算机的基本元件）在微型化方面取得的巨大进展，廉价的小型计算机在社会的各个部门都得到了广泛的应用。Because of,on account of 极大的，巨大的晶体管增生，扩散实际上部门，扇区 Industrialized countriesIndustrialized countries have become dependent on comp
9、uters to assist inassist in daily life,for they are used in countless activitiesactivities,such as manufacturingmanufacturing,transportation,communication,education,and business.发达国家已经依靠计算机来确保日产生活的正常运行，因为它们已被应用于无数活动中，比如生产、运输、通信、教育和商业。发达国家帮助，支援活动生产 Compared withCompared with other important technolog
10、ical products,computers are used in home and office by far far more people,including those with littlelittle or nono technical backgroundbackground.Thus,a solidsolid working knowledge of computers is beneficial to most people.同其他重大科技产品相比，计算机可被更多的用户在家庭和办公中所使用，其中包括那些几乎或完全没有专业背景的人。因此扎实的计算机操作知识对大多数人都是有用
11、的。与相比背景（知识）扎实的 A computer can be represented in block diagramblock diagram form as shown in Fig.2-1.It consists of five functional blocks:memory,memory,input,output,control and arithmetic and input,output,control and arithmetic and logic unit.logic unit.计算机可以表示为图2-1所示的方框图形式，它由存储器、输入设备、输出设备、控制器及算术逻辑单
12、元五个功能块所组成。方框图存储器、输入设备、输出设备、控制器、算术逻辑单元 The memory is used to store instructionsinstructions and data which are processed by the arithmetic and logic unit.存储器用来存储算术逻辑单元的指令和数据。指令 The control unit coordinatescoordinates the operations of the computer and most of the control resides inresides in a centra
13、l unit which,since it normally also contains the arithmetic and logic unit,is known as the central processing unitcentral processing unit(CPU),namely the central processing unit(CPU)consists of a control unit and an arithmetic and logic unit.控制器用来协调计算机的操作，并且绝大多数控制器被设置于中央单元内，由于中央单元一般也包含算术逻辑单元，因而它被称作中
14、央处理器（CPU），即中央处理器（CPU）由控制器和算术逻辑单元组成。协调位于中央处里器 In a simple microcomputermicrocomputer system,integrated circuitsintegrated circuits often correspond to this functional division of computer systems.The main method of communication between the various component parts of a computer is by the use of one o
15、r more buses buses.A bus consists of a group of signal lines used to carry information.The CPU is organized around a bus structure.在一个简单的微型计算机系统中，集成电路的布置通常与计算机系统的这种功能性的划分相适应。计算机中各个部分之间通信的主要方法是利用一条或多条总线。总线包括一组用来传输信息的信号线。CPU的周围布满了总线。微型计算机集成线路总线 The parts of the computer which are involved ininvolved i
16、n the transfer of data to and from the outside world are know as peripheral peripheral devicesdevices and can be categorized as follows:计算机中用来和外界进行数据传输交换的部分被称为外部设备，可以划分为以下几类：致力于做用来外部设备 1）Input:devices used to transfer information into the computer.2）Output:devices used to transfer information out fr
17、om the computer to the outside world.3）Input/Output:devices which can be used for both the input and the output of data.1)输入设备：用来向计算机输入信息的设备。2）输出设备：用来将信息从计算机向外传输的设备。3）输入/输出（I/O）：可同时用来进行数据输入和输出的设备。transistor:晶体管；memory:存储器；instruction:指令；input:输入（设备）；output:输出（设备）；control:控制器 arithmetic and logic unit:算术逻辑单元；central processing unit（CPU）:中央处理单元；microcomputer:微型计算机；integrated circuit:集成电路；bus:总线；peripheral device:外部设备.感谢下感谢下载载
