1、第一类：第一类：doing 表示动作在进行表示动作在进行；+done 表示被动或状态表示被动或状态 do 表示动作全过程表示动作全过程 I hear them sing a song.I hear them singing a song.I hear a song sung.He heard a distant voice shouting.I could smell Chinese vegetables cooking.感官动词感官动词see,notice,hear,listen to,watch,feel,smell,find,observe等等第二类：使役动词的用法：第二类：使役动词的用
2、法：1.let sb./sth.do sth.无被动无被动2.do sth.使某人做某事，使某人做某事，sb.be made to do make sb./sth.done 使某人被使某人被3.do sth.使某人做某事使某人做某事(无被动无被动)have sb./sth.doing sth.使某人一直做（动作一直进行）使某人一直做（动作一直进行）done 使某人被使某人被 或表示或表示“遭遇不幸遭遇不幸”4.to do sth.使某人做某事使某人做某事 get sb./sth.doing sth 使某人一直做（动作一直在进行）使某人一直做（动作一直在进行）done使某人被使某人被keep/l
3、eave+sb/sth+doing 表动作在进行表动作在进行 done 表被动或状态表被动或状态Weve just had the house decorated.You must get the car repaired.At my school they dont make us wear school uniform.They let us wear whatever we like.第三类：含命名意义的动词，如第三类：含命名意义的动词，如call,name,appoint,elect,make,consider等，这类词所接的宾补一般是名词。等，这类词所接的宾补一般是名词。Call m
4、e Joe,please.She was elected the president of the company.They have made me the chairman.They have made me a nice chair.第四类：第四类：v+sb+to do sth结构中的动词，所接的宾补多是结构中的动词，所接的宾补多是不定式。常见的动词有很多，如不定式。常见的动词有很多，如ask,want,wish(无无hope),tell,order,warn,advise(无无suggest),allow,permit(无无agree),invite,forbid,expect,beg
5、,force,encourage,inspire,request,cause send,teach,train,remind,require(无无demand),would like,would prefer等等等等.I wish you to have a good trip.They asked me to tell you how much we appreciated your help.Help me move the desk,will you?宾语补足语可以由这九类来承担：宾语补足语可以由这九类来承担：n./adj./adv./介词短语介词短语/v.原型原型/ing/v-ed/t
6、o do/to be1.We chose him our monitor.n.2.We must make our classroom clean.adj.3.He found the light on.adv.4.The firemen got the fire under control.介词短语介词短语5.The teacher let him stand out.v.原型原型6.Did you hear someone singing?v-ing7.The parents make their children educated.v-ed8.The doctor advised me
7、to have a rest.to do9.We all consider him to be a hero.to be一、主语+谓语+宾语+补足语（名词）用作宾语补足语的名词或（补足语）从句，一般表示用作宾语补足语的名词或（补足语）从句，一般表示身份、官衔、职业、名称等，而谓语动词是表示身份、官衔、职业、名称等，而谓语动词是表示“称称谓谓”、“认可认可”之类意义的动词，如之类意义的动词，如call,choose,elect,find,make,name等。例：等。例：1.He hasnt had anything published and he calls himself a writer
8、!2.You can call me what you like.3.He named his son what his father had named him.elect,name,appoint也可跟也可跟to be或或as引导的短语作宾语引导的短语作宾语补足语，这时补足语，这时to be或或as可以省略。可以省略。They appointed him(to be/as)chairman.二、主语+谓语+宾语+补足语（形容词）用作宾语补足语的形容词是由动词的动作引起的状态、用作宾语补足语的形容词是由动词的动作引起的状态、情况或导致的结果。这类动词包括情况或导致的结果。这类动词包括cut,
9、beat,drive,find,get,lay,leave,make,paint,pull,push,set,tear,wish等。例：等。例：1.They beat the prisoner unconscious.2.We found him(to be)dishonest.3.The cupboard is stuck and I cant pull it open.4.Hes dead and its no use wishing him alive again.三、主语三、主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+（to be）+补足语（形容词补足语（形容词/名词）名词）用用“(to be)+形形容
10、容词词/名名词词”作作宾宾语语补补足足语，语，to be常常可可省省去。去。这这类类动动词词主主要要包包括括表表示示意意见、见、相相信信或或心心理理状状态态的的动动词，词，如如believe,consider,feel,know,observe,prove,see,show,think等。等。1.He said he considered me(to be)too lazy to be a good worker.2.He felt the plan to be unwise.(=He felt that the plan was unwise.)3.The task proved(to be
11、)more difficult than wed thought.4.He showed himself(to be)a dishonest rascal.注注意：意：此此类类句句型型一一般般可可以以转转化化为为宾宾语语从从句。句。四、主语四、主语+谓语谓语+it+补足语（形容词补足语（形容词/名词）名词）+从句从句/不定式不定式/-ing本句型是句型二、三的拓展。动词的宾语为从句、不本句型是句型二、三的拓展。动词的宾语为从句、不定式、定式、-ing形式，常用形式，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的宾作形式主语，而将真正的宾语移至句末。这类动词有语移至句末。这类动词有feel,consider,b
12、elieve,make,think等。例：等。例：I feel it necessary to make a correction.I consider it a great honour to be here with you today.She made it clear that she objected to the proposal.Do you think it possible to finish the work before the end of this month？五、主语+谓语+宾语+补足语（带to的不定式）本句型常用的谓语动词一般是表示劝告、命令、允本句型常用的谓语动
13、词一般是表示劝告、命令、允许、要求、警告、希望导致、使役等意义的动词，许、要求、警告、希望导致、使役等意义的动词，advise,ask,order,allow,permit/force,encourage,get,persuade,prefer,require,send,tell,want,wish等。例：等。例：1.The doctor ordered me to stay in bed.2.The soldiers forced their prisoners to give up arms.3.He persuaded his daughter to change her mind.4.
14、The director preferred her to act the old lady.六、主语+谓语+宾语+补足语（不带to的不定式）本句型常用的谓语动词一般是表示感觉的动词，本句型常用的谓语动词一般是表示感觉的动词，如如see,hear,feel,watch,notice,observe,watch，使役动词使役动词have,let,make以及以及help，know。例：。例：1.I saw him put the key in the lock,turn it and open the door.2.Did you notice me leave the house？3.I wo
15、uld have you know,sir,that the city has fallen to our army.七、主语七、主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+补足语（补足语（-ing形式）形式）本句型常用的谓语动词一般是表示感觉的动词和使役动词，本句型常用的谓语动词一般是表示感觉的动词和使役动词，see,hear,feel,watch,notice,observe,smell,catch,get,have,keep,leave,send,set等，宾语和补足语之间逻辑上存在着主谓关系。等，宾语和补足语之间逻辑上存在着主谓关系。例：例：1.He looked out through the win
16、dow and observed me walking along the boat deck.2.She stood alone,watching the snow falling outside.3.Its not hard to get him talking，the problem is stopping him.4.The sight of her set his heart beating faster.注意：感觉动词如注意：感觉动词如see,hear,feel,watch,notice,observe,watch等后用动词等后用动词不定式，表示听到或看见整个行动、整个事件的过不定
17、式，表示听到或看见整个行动、整个事件的过程，而用现在分词表示听到或看见整个行动、整个程，而用现在分词表示听到或看见整个行动、整个事件的过程中的一部分。试比较：事件的过程中的一部分。试比较：She watched the children crossing/as they cross the road.她看到孩子们过街。（即看到他们正在过街，她看到孩子们过街。（即看到他们正在过街，但不一定自始至终）但不一定自始至终）She watched the children cross the road.她看着孩子们穿过街道。（即留意过街的整个她看着孩子们穿过街道。（即留意过街的整个过程）过程）catch
18、 sb.doing：抓住某人正在：抓住某人正在.mind sb.doing:介意某人做某事介意某人做某事imagine sb.doing:想象某人做某事想象某人做某事leave sb./sth.doing:使得使得/留下某人留下某人.keep sb./sth.doing:使得某人使得某人.The policeman caught the thief stealing.He left the light burning.Im sorry to have kept you waiting.注意：注意：leave/keep也可用也可用done做宾补，表示状态或被动做宾补，表示状态或被动He left
19、 the homework unfinished.We keep the door closed.八、主语八、主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+补足语（补足语（-ed形式）形式）本句型常用的谓语动词一般是表示感觉、愿望的动词和本句型常用的谓语动词一般是表示感觉、愿望的动词和使役动词，如使役动词，如see,hear,feel,watch,notice,need,order,like,want,wish,observe,have,let,make等，宾语和补足语之间逻辑上存在等，宾语和补足语之间逻辑上存在着动宾关系。例：着动宾关系。例：1.Have you ever heard that song sun
20、g in French？2.We should keep them informed of what is going on here.3.Can you make yourself understood in English？4.I want it(to be)done as quickly as possible.I had my watch repaired.I had my room cleaned.I had my foot injured.She found his hair cut.She found his clothes washed.She found his room c
21、leaned.have sth./sb.done find sth./sb doneHe got his leg injured.He got his camera damaged.He got his glasses broken.get sth./sb doneI saw him beaten by his mother.I saw him bitten by a dog.I saw him robbed by a man.see sth./sb.doneI made him punished.make sth./sb.doneI watched him killed.watch sth.
22、/sb done九、主语九、主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+补足语（介词短语）补足语（介词短语）本本句句型型常常用用的的谓谓语语动动词词一一般般是是表表示示感感觉觉的的动动词词和和使使役役动动词，词，如如consider,hear,find,make等，等，介介词词短短语语表表示示状状态态或或结结果。果。例：例：1.She considered herself above others.2.We could hear the children at play outside in the garden.3.She found everything in good order.4.I saw both
23、 of them at work in the shop.解题要点：解题要点：首先首先要知道动词后是跟要知道动词后是跟to do还是还是ing，ed,或是原型。或是原型。其次其次要知道他们做宾补的区别：要知道他们做宾补的区别：to do 做宾补常表示要去做的动作。做宾补常表示要去做的动作。ing 做宾补常表示正在进行的或是延续的动作做宾补常表示正在进行的或是延续的动作ed 做宾补常表示被动的动作。做宾补常表示被动的动作。v.原型做宾补常表示动作全过程（跟在感官原型做宾补常表示动作全过程（跟在感官v.后）后）此外此外，ing 和和ed 做宾补还可以表示宾语的状态，此时做宾补还可以表示宾语的状态，
24、此时类似于类似于adj.最后最后根据题目的语境认真分析，选出语法和释义都根据题目的语境认真分析，选出语法和释义都合理的最佳选项。合理的最佳选项。几个特殊句式几个特殊句式1、With的复合结构的复合结构With+n.+V-ingP.P.Vto doAdj.Adv.Prep.with 宾语过去分词宾语过去分词”结构中，过去分词用结构中，过去分词用作介词作介词 with 的宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句的宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。例如：The murderer was brought in,with his hands tied b
25、ehind his back.凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后（表方式）凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后（表方式）With water heated,we can see the steam.水一被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。（表条件）水一被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。（表条件）With the matter settled,we all went home.事情得到解决，我们都回家了。（表原因）事情得到解决，我们都回家了。（表原因）注意：注意：在这一结构中，当宾语为某一身体部位，且在这一结构中，当宾语为某一身体部位，且作宾补的动词是及物动词时，身体部位通常作宾补的动词是及物动词时，身体部位通
26、常是过去分词的逻辑宾语，因而过去分词不可是过去分词的逻辑宾语，因而过去分词不可换用现在分词。换用现在分词。She stood in front of him,with her eyes fixed on his face.她站在他面前，眼睛注视着他（她站在他面前，眼睛注视着他（fix ones eyes on 为固定短语，因此，不可将句为固定短语，因此，不可将句中中 fixed 换为换为 fixing）He stood for an instant with his hand still raised.他仍然举着手站了一会儿。他仍然举着手站了一会儿。当用某些不及物动词的分词形式作身体部位当用某
27、些不及物动词的分词形式作身体部位的宾补时，用现在分词的形式。的宾补时，用现在分词的形式。She felt her heart beating fast.她觉得心跳很快。（她觉得心跳很快。（beat 意为意为“心跳心跳”，是，是不及物动词）不及物动词）find/leave 的用法与的用法与with相似相似2、considerregardtreatlook onhavethink of sb/sth to be(as)think of sb as/think sb to bePractice单句改错1.The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt m
28、ake himself understand.2.We all elected Jason the monitor.3.The teacher asked us not make so much noise.4.-What a nice fire you have in your fireplace!-During the winter I like my house warmly and comfortable.understoodtowarm5.Dont leave the water run while you brush your teeth.6.He pushed the door
29、opening.7.She looked around and caught a man put his hand into the pocket of a passenger.8.With a lot of difficult problems settle,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.9.When I came in,I found a boy hide behind the door.10.It was a pity that the great writer died of his works unfinished
30、.runningopenputtingtohiddenwith(2016江苏宿迁市三模江苏宿迁市三模)With the 2022 World Cup final in Qatar_（take）place on December 18，the public fixed sights on the Arab nation，causing the concern of the intense summer heat.（2016衡水模拟）衡水模拟）She will change swiftly the channel when she hears another soldier_(kill)-not
31、wanting to worry about her husband,a military(武装武装)policeman.（2016衡水模拟）衡水模拟）Claire had luggage _(check)an hour before her plane left.The two men had their lights _(burn)all night long.Something has gone wrong with my computer.I ll get it _(repair)tomorrow.Its too noisy outside.Ill have to get the ch
32、ildren _(stop)shouting.Elizabeth knew that no woman had ever been permitted _(study)in a medical college.改错：改错：Emperor Qin Shi Huang had all the walls join up.The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog followed them.Practice moreExercise:1.The managers discussed the
33、 plan thatthey would like to see_the next year.A.carry out B.carrying out C.carried out D.to carry out2.Mrs.Brown was much disappointedto see the washing machine she had had_went wrong again.A.it B.it repairedC.repaired D.to be repaired3.With a lot of difficult problems_,the newlyelected president i
34、s having a hard time.A.settled B.settlingC.to settle D.being settled4.With trees,flowers and grass_everywhere,my native town had takenanew look.A.planting B.plantedC.to plant D.to be planted5.She was glad to see her child well_ care of.A.take B.to be taken C.taken D.taking6.The result of the entranc
35、e exams was not made _to the public until last Thursday.A.knowing B.known C.to know D.to be known7.I can make you _what I say,butyou cant make yourself_in English.A.understand;understandB.understand,understoodC.to understand,understandD.understand;to be understood8.He found them_at a table_A.sat;to
36、play chessB.sitting;to play chessC.seated;playing chessD.seat;play the chess9.John rushed out in a hurry,_the door_.A.leaving;unlocked B.leaving;unlockingC.left,unlocked D.to leave;unlocking10.We are pleased to see the problem_ so quickly.A.settled B.settling C.be settled D.having been settled11.I c
37、ould feel the wind _on my face from an open window.A.to blow B.blowing C.to be blowing D.blown1.Tell him _ the window.A.to shut not B.not to shut C.to not shut D.not shut2.-Theres a hole in your bag.-I know,Im going to have it _.A.mend B.mending C.mended D.to be mended3.Though he had often made his
38、little sister _,today he was made _ by his little sister.A.cry;to cry B.crying;crying C.cry;cry D.to cry;cry4.They would not allow him _ across the enemy line.A.to risk going B.risking to goC.for risk to go D.risk going单项选择单项选择5.I found the door _ when I got home.A.opened B.close C.unlocking D.open6
39、.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him _.A.not to B.not to do C.not do D.do not to7.I couldnt do my homework with all that noise_.A.going on B.goes on C.went on D.to go on8.With a lot of difficult problems_,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A.settle
40、d B.settling C.to settle D.being settled9.I advised _ at once.A.him to starting B.him to start C.to starting D.to start 10.When I put my hand on his chest,I could feel his heart still _.A.beat B.to be beating C.beating D.was beating11.You had better get a doctor _ your bad tooth.A.pull out B.to pull out C.pulled out D.pulling out12.He managed to make himself_with his_English.A.understand;breaking B.understand;brokenC.understood;breaking D.understood;broken13.The doctor asked him not to leave his wound _.A.expose B.exposed C.to expose D.exposing
