1、 EllipsislWhat is Ellipsis?Some words can be left out when we do not want to repeat them.This is called ellipsis.lWhich part of the sentence can be omitted（省略）/left out?(省略省略)Generally speaking,any part of the sentence can be omitted as long as the meaning is clear and not confusing.为了避免重复，将句子中的一个或几
2、个成分为了避免重复，将句子中的一个或几个成分省去，这种语法现象叫省略。省略是省去，这种语法现象叫省略。省略是避免重复、避免重复、突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法手段突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法手段。1.Beg your pardon.2.Anything wrong?3.Strange!He was not hurt.4.Are you ready?-Yes,I am.5.Why not try again?6.Dont go till I tell you to.7.What if its raining?8.He is taller than I am.9.No parki
3、ng.lIlIs therelHowlreadyldont youlgolwill happenltalllis allowed here ELLIPSIS (省略句)l一 简单句中的省略Open the door.Please!-Would you like to watch NBA?Eg.Thank you for your help.Havent seen you for ages.Doesnt matter.(I)(I)(It)(You)(It)1.Omitting the Subject（主语）（主语）2.Omitting the Subject（主语）（主语）&Predicate（
4、谓语）（谓语）or part of them(1)Sorry to hear you are ill.(2)Anything else?（）（）What a wonderful time !(Im)(Is there)(we had)3、Omitting the Predicative（表语（表语）(1)Is he a teacher?(2)His brother isnt lazy,-Yes,he is.nor is his sister.(a teacher).(lazy)1 Are you going to Tibet?4、“To do”as the Object(宾语宾语)-Yes,I
5、d like to.2.-Are you a painter?-No,but I want(go there)2.但宾语是但宾语是be动词或完成时态动词或完成时态have done，则须在，则须在to之后保留之后保留be或或have。e.g.-He hasnt finished the task yet.-Well,he ought to have.注意：注意：1.如省略作宾语的不定式短语，应保留如省略作宾语的不定式短语，应保留to。省略作宾语的不定式短语，应保留省略作宾语的不定式短语，应保留to。1.动词动词:want,wish,expect,hope,like,love,try,forge
6、t,decide,prefer,mean,intend,plan,refuseeg.You can do it if you want to.2.形容词：形容词：glad,happy,pleased,delighted,eg.-Would you like to have dinner with me?-Id glad to.3.短语：短语：be going to,be about to,have to,used to,ought to,注意：注意：1.如省略作宾语的不定式短语，应保留如省略作宾语的不定式短语，应保留to。2.但宾语是但宾语是be动词或完成时态动词或完成时态have done，
7、则须在，则须在to之后保留之后保留be或或have。e.g.-He hasnt finished the task yet.-Well,he ought to have.几点补充几点补充:1、感叹句根据上下文的省略。、感叹句根据上下文的省略。e.g.What a wonderful film(it is)!2、介词的省略：、介词的省略：have a hard time(in)doing sth.waste time(in)doing sth.,spend(in)doing sth.prevent/stop(from),be busy(in)doing,be engaged(in)doing,t
8、heres no use/point (in)doing He failed (in)the game.The war lasted(for)four years.I had some trouble(in)finding his home.Please dont waste time(in)talking about it any more.His mother prevented him(from)surfing the Internet.3、情态动词、情态动词should的省略的省略.下列表示下列表示（坚持，命令，建议，要求）（坚持，命令，建议，要求）动词的从句动词的从句后后:insis
9、t,order,command,suggest,propose,advise,demand,require,request,ask Its necessary that sb.(should)do 类似的形容词有类似的形容词有 important,impossible,strange,natural,a pity 二二.并列句中的省略并列句中的省略 两个并列分句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中两个并列分句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。相同的部分。My father is a doctor and my mother is a nurse.The news made me happ
10、y,but the news made Tom angry.三.复合句的省略-Do you think it will rain?-Do you think it will rain?1)How so?Why so?2)Is that so?3)I suppose/believe/hope/think so/not.4)I dont think so-I dont think so.（I think not.）(I dont think that it will rain)-I think so.英语中，可以使用英语中，可以使用so,not等来省略上文或问句等来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句
11、子。中的一部分或整个句子。(that it will rain)If it is heated,the water becomes steam.l用省略结构改写下列复合句用省略结构改写下列复合句。l 1.l l 2.When it is heated,a piece of ice will turn into water.l _,a piece of ice will turn into water.l 3.Although he was hard-working,he couldnt earn enough to support himself.l _,he couldnt earn eno
12、ugh to support himself.Though tiredWhen heatedlEllipsis in clausel即学即练即学即练Although hard-working请将下面的省略结构改回为复合句请将下面的省略结构改回为复合句。lIf necessary,we shall send a telegram home.lWhenever possible,he will come to my help.lWhile cycling,don t forget the traffic lights.l即学即练即学即练If(it is)necessary,we shall sen
13、d a telegram home.Whenever(it is)possible,he will come to my help.While(you are)cycling,dont forget the traffic lights.定语从句中的省略定语从句中的省略I like the dress that/which you bought for me.My bike which was stolen the other day was found again.其他常见的省略其他常见的省略1.某些某些使役动词使役动词，如：，如：make、let、have和和感官感官动词动词，如：，如：s
14、ee，watch,notice、observe、hear等后面等后面作宾补的不定式常省略作宾补的不定式常省略to，但若用于被但若用于被动语态，则动语态，则to不省略不省略。We often hear her sing English songs in the classroom.我们经常听到她在教室里唱英文歌。我们经常听到她在教室里唱英文歌。She is often heard to sing English songs in the classroom.（四）其它省略（四）其它省略1、连词、连词that的省略：的省略：、宾语从句中常省略连词、宾语从句中常省略连词that，但也有不能省略的情况
15、，但也有不能省略的情况 be+某些形容词某些形容词(afraid,sure,sorry,certain,glad)；两个两个(或两个以上）宾语从句并列时；或两个以上）宾语从句并列时；He said that,if he could manage it,he would come for dinner.、在定语从句中，、在定语从句中，that在从句中作在从句中作宾语宾语/表语表语/There be 结构的主语结构的主语时可省略。时可省略。Im not the man(that)I was when you knew me first.This is the fastest train(that)
16、there is to Beijing.This is the best way(that)we should choose.I dont like the way(that)/in which he talks to his parents.、引导主语从句、同位语从句等的连词、引导主语从句、同位语从句等的连词that一般不可省略。一般不可省略。在表语从句中偶尔可省略。在表语从句中偶尔可省略。What they want to do is(that)they go to play basketball.2、不定式符号、不定式符号to的省略的省略、并列的不定式可省去后面的、并列的不定式可省去后面
17、的to。e.g.I told him to sit down and wait for a moment.To be for the plan or to be against the plan doesnt matter.、当不定式作表语时，如果前面主语中出现实义动词、当不定式作表语时，如果前面主语中出现实义动词do及各种形式，及各种形式，则不定式可省略。则不定式可省略。What he wants to do is(to)go home.、某些、某些使役动词使役动词（如（如let,make,have）及）及感官动词感官动词（如（如see,watch,notice,hear,feel,look
18、 at和和listen to等）等）后面作宾语补足语的不定式后面作宾语补足语的不定式一定要省去一定要省去to，但在但在被动语态中被动语态中须把须把to加上加上。e.g.-I saw the boy fall from the tree.-The boy was seen to fall from the tree.、介词、介词but/except/besides前若有动词前若有动词do，后面的不定式不带，后面的不定式不带to。e.g.The boy did nothing but play.3、在某些状语从句中，从句的主语、在某些状语从句中，从句的主语(或或it)与主句主语与主句主语 一致时，
19、可省去一致时，可省去“主语主语+be”部分或从句的主语部分或从句的主语it。（参看（参看“状语从句状语从句”有关部分）有关部分）Look out for cars when crossing the street.Fill in the blanks with articles where necessary.She worked extremely hard though still rather poor in health.在比较状语从句中，在比较状语从句中，than或或as后面的部分可省略。后面的部分可省略。Tom plays football as well as,if not be
20、tter than,Jack.(=Tom plays football as well as Jack does,if he doesnt play better than Jack does.)We should think more of our class than of ourselves.4、连词、连词if在部分虚拟条件句中可省略，在部分虚拟条件句中可省略，但后面的语序有变化（参见但后面的语序有变化（参见“倒装句倒装句”有关部分）有关部分）5、主句与从句各有一些成分省略、主句与从句各有一些成分省略。e.g.The sooner(you do it),the better(it will be).
