1、 - 1 - 阅读理解专题阅读理解专题 18 A (2019 全国卷,B) “You can use me as a last resort(选择),and if nobody else volunteers,then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids lacrosse(长曲棍球) club. I guess that theres probably some demanding work schedule,or s
2、ocial anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport.She may just need a little persuading.So I try again and tug at the heartstrings.I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids arent even on. At this point the unwilling
3、 parent speaks up,“Alright.Yes,Ill do it.” Im secretly relieved because I know theres real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many.The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule,sends out emails,and collects money for end-of-season gifts.Somewhere along the way,the same parent ends
4、up becoming an invaluable member of the team.The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season.Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal. Still,most of us volunteers breathe
5、 a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close.That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more:Connecting to the community(社区) as you freely give your time,money,skills,or services provides a real joy.Volunteering just feels so good. In that sens
6、e,Im pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than Id freely like to admit.However,if others benefit in the process,and I get some reward too,does it really matter where my motivation lies? 【语篇导读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者介绍了自己说服他人参与志愿者工作 的经历,论述了志愿者工作的特殊意义。 1.What can we infer about the parent from her
7、reply in paragraph 1? A.She knows little about the club. B.She isnt good at sports. C.She just doesnt want to volunteer. D.Shes unable to meet her schedule. 答案:C 解析:推理判断题。 根据第一段的第一句“You can use me as a last resort,and if nobody else volunteers,then I will do it.”可知,这位家长让作者最后再考虑她,如果没有其他 人当志愿者,她才会做。由此
8、可知,她不想做志愿者工作。 2.What does the underlined phrase “tug at the heartstrings” in paragraph 2 mean? A.Encourage teamwork. B.Appeal to feelings. C.Promote good deeds. D.Provide advice. 答案:B - 2 - 解析:词义猜测题。开头提到这位家长不愿当志愿者,再根据第二段的“She may just need a little persuading.”以及下文作者提到的两个例子可知,作者是想让她内心有所 触动。对比四个选项可知,
9、B 项正确。 3.What can we learn about the parent from paragraph 3? A.She gets interested in lacrosse. B.She is proud of her kids. C.Shell work for another season. D.She becomes a good helper. 答案:D 解析:推理判断题。根据第三段的第二句“The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule,sends out emails,and collects money for
10、end-of-season gifts.”可知,这位家长 安排就餐时间表、发送电子邮件,并且为季末礼品筹款。这些都可表明她是一位好 帮手。故选 D 项。 4.Why does the author like doing volunteer work? A.It gives her a sense of duty. B.It makes her very happy. C.It enables her to work hard. D.It brings her material rewards. 答案:B 解析:细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Connecting to the community
11、as you freely give your time,money,skills,or services provides a real joy.Volunteering just feels so good.” 可知,志愿者工作给她带来了快乐。故选 B 项。 B Every man wants his son to be somewhat of a clone,not in features but in footsteps.As he grows you also age,and your ambitions become more unachievable.You begin to r
12、ealize that your boy,in your footsteps,could probably accomplish what you hoped for.But footsteps can be muddied and they can go off in different directions. My son Jody has hated school since day one in kindergarten.Science projects waited until the last moment.Book reports werent written until the
13、 final threat. Ive been a newspaperman all my adult life.My daughter is a university graduate working toward her masters degree in English.But Jody?When he entered the tenth grade he became a “vo-tech” student(技校学生).Theyre called “motorheads” by the rest of the student body. When a secretary in my o
14、ffice first called him “motorhead”,I was shocked.“Hey,hes a good kid,”I wanted to say,“And smart,really.” I learned later that motorheads are,indeed,different.They usually have dirty hands and wear dirty work clothes.And they dont often make school honor rolls(光荣榜). But being the parent of a motorhe
15、ad is itself an experience in education.We who labor in clean shirts in offices dont have the abilities that motorheads have.I began to learn this when I had my car crashed.The cost to repair it was estimated at $800.“Hey,I can fix it,”said Jody.I doubted it,but let him go ahead,for I had nothing to
16、 lose. My son,with other motorheads,fixed the car.They got parts(零件) from a junkyard,and ability from vo-tech classes.The cost was $25 instead of $800. - 3 - Since that first repair job,a broken air-conditioner,a non-functioning washer and a non-toasting toaster have been fixed.Neighbors and co-work
17、ers trust their car repairs to him. These kids are happiest when doing repairs.They joke and laugh and are living in their own relaxed world.And their minds are bright despite their dirty hands and clothes. I have learned a lot from my motorhead:publishers need printers,engineers need mechanics,and
18、architects need builders.Most important,I have learned that fathers dont need clones in footsteps or anywhere else. My son may never make the school honor roll.But he made mine. 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。父亲总是希望儿子去实现自己未能实现的目标。 作者通过自己的亲身经历,最终阐明了这样一个道理:父亲没有必要让儿子去走他 曾经走过的路。 1.What used to be the authors hope for h
19、is son? A.To avoid becoming his clone. B.To resemble him in appearance. C.To develop in a different direction. D.To reach the authors unachieved goals. 答案:D 解析:推理判断题。由文章第一段可知,父亲都希望自己的儿子能够重复他曾走过的 路。但是儿子可能会向另外的方向发展。接着在第二段作者提到自己的儿子就是 这样一个孩子没有按照作者的意愿去发展。由此推断出作者希望儿子去实现 自己未能实现的目标。 2.What can we learn abou
20、t the authors children? A.His daughter does better in school. B.His daughter has got a masters degree. C.His son tried hard to finish homework. D.His son couldnt write his book reports. 答案:A 解析:细节理解题。由第三段第二句“My daughter is a university graduate working toward her masters degree in English.”可知,作者的女儿学
21、习很棒。故选 A 项。 3.In the authors eyes,motorheads are . A.tidy and hard-working B.cheerful and smart C.lazy but bright D.relaxed but rude 答案:B 解析:细节理解题。 根据倒数第三段第二句“They joke and laugh and are living in their own relaxed world.”和第三句“And their minds are bright.”可知,作者认为这些孩子 在工作的时候非常快乐,同时他们也非常聪明。故选 B 项。 4.Wh
22、at did the author realize in the end? A.It is unwise to expect your child to follow your path. B.It is important for one to make the honor roll. C.Architects play a more important role than builders. D.Motorheads have greater ability than office workers. 答案:A - 4 - 解析:推理判断题。由短文倒数第二段最后一句“Most importa
23、nt,I have learned that fathers dont need clones in footsteps or anywhere else.”可知,作者意识到,他没有必 要让自己的儿子走他曾经走过的路。故选 A 项。 C Some kinds of mental skills naturally decrease as people get older.Yet research seems to show that some training can improve such skills.A recently published study also appears to a
24、ttest that the good effects of training can last for many years after that training has ended. Researchers at Johns Hopkins University in Maryland wanted to learn how long memory and thinking skills would last in older people who were trained to keep them.The people were part of the ten-year researc
25、h project.They were taught methods meant to improve their memory,thinking and ability to perform everyday tasks. More than 2,800 volunteered for the study called ACTIVEshort for Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly.Most were studied when they were more than 70 years old. The
26、 volunteers took one of several short training classes meant to help them keep their mental abilities.One class trained participants in skills including how to remember word lists.Another group was trained in reasoning.A third group received help with speed-of-processingspeed of receiving and unders
27、tanding information.A fourth groupthe control group did not get any training. Earlier results had established that the training helped the participants for up to five years.Now,leading study writer George Rebok says,the research showed most of the training remained effective a full ten years later.
28、Professor Rebok and his team found that the people trained in reasoning and speed-of-processing did better on tests than the control group. “We are wondering whether those effects which endured over time would still be there ten years following the training,and in fact,thats exactly what we found.”
29、The effect on memory,however,seemed not to last as long.Still,the old people in any of the three classes generally reported less difficulty in performing daily activities than the control group.The total training time for the older people was between 10 and 15 hours. 【语篇导读】文章介绍了一项调查结果:老年人进行脑力训练有助于提高
30、脑力水平, 而且效果可以持续很长时间。 1.Which statement is NOT true according to the passage? A.This kind of training can only have effects on people for a few years. B.Some training can improve some kinds of mental skills. C.Most of the people who were studied were more than 70 years old. D.The first group were trai
31、ned how to remember word lists. 答案:A 解析:细节理解题。 根据第五段的“the research showed most of the training remained effective a full ten years later”可知 A 项是错误的,故选 A 项。 2.How would the old in the second group perform after receiving the training? A.Remember more words. B.Understand information more quickly. - 5
32、- C.Act as poorly as before. D.Perform daily activities better. 答案:D 解析:细节理解题。根据文中第二段的最后一句话“They were taught methods meant to improve their memory,thinking and ability to perform everyday tasks.”中的关键词 “improve”和“perform everyday tasks”判断,D 项正确。 3.What does the underlined word “attest” in the first p
33、aragraph mean? A.Affect. B.Deny. C.Prove. D.Improve. 答案:C 解析:词义猜测题。affect“影响”;deny“拒绝”;prove“证明”;improve“提高”。根据该画 线单词前的“A recently published study”可知是证明。故选 C 项。 4.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A.Some Kinds of Mental Skills Naturally Decrease B.Mental Training Helped t
34、he Elderly Stay Sharp for Years C.Four Groups of Old People Were Trained Mentally D.A Ten-year Research Affects the Elderly 答案:B 解析:主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是第一段的句子“Some kinds of mental skills naturally decrease as people get older.Yet research seems to show that some training can improve such skills.”以及第五段第二句话可
35、知通过训练可以提高老人的脑力,而 且效果可以持续多年,所以 B 项是最贴切的标题。故选 B 项。 D Everybody,at some point in their lives,has experienced failure.It could be something as simple as not getting the job you wanted,or getting fewer marks even after hard work.But what makes you is not your failure,but how you get back up after being h
36、it. Once,a young school boy was caught in a fire accident in his school and it was assumed that he would not live.His mother was told that he was sure to die,for the terrible fire had destroyed the lower half of his body.Even if he were to survive,he would be lame throughout his life. But the brave
37、boy did not want to die nor did he want to be lame.Much to the amazement of the doctor,he did survive.But unfortunately from his waist down,he had no motor ability.His thin legs just hung there,lifeless.Eventually he left the hospital.But his determination to walk was unshakable.At home,when he was
38、not in bed,he had to stay in a wheelchair.One day,he threw himself from the chair and pulled himself across the grass,dragging his legs behind him.He reached the fence,raised himself up and then began dragging himself along the fence,firmly determined.He did this every day,with faith in himself that
39、 he would be able to walk unaided.With his iron determination,he did develop the ability to stand up,then to walk on and off,then to walk by himself and then to run. He began to walk to school,and then run to school,to run for the joy of running.Later in college he was on the track team. - 6 - In Fe
40、bruary 1934,in New York Citys Madison Square Garden,this young man who was not expected to survive,who would surely never walk,who could never hope to runthis determined young man,Dr.Glenn Cunningham,ran the worlds fastest mile. A good example of the power of positive thinking and faith in ones self
41、,Glenn Cunningham continues to be an inspiration for many,and his story,a brilliant evidence to how one can bounce back even when all difficulties are piled against one,to the degree that death seemed the preferable option. 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。每个人在人生的某个阶段都经历过失败。文章 通过 Glenn 在经历事故后幸存并且凭借坚强的毅力恢复正常生活的故事,告诉我们
42、 “让你成功的不是你的失败,而是你如何在被打击后重新站起来”。 1.What is the first paragraph intended to do? A.Present an argument. B.Make preparations for statement. C.Arouse readers interest. D.Function as a brief introduction. 答案:D 解析:推理判断题。根据第一段的第一句“Everybody,at some point in their lives,has experienced failure.”和最后一句“But wha
43、t makes you is not your failure,but how you get back up after being hit.”可知,第一段的作用是做一个简短的介绍。 2.What was the doctors opinion about Glenn? A.Glenn was able to walk with his own great effort. B.Great determination could make a difference to Glenn. C.There was a slim chance that Glenn could survive. D.G
44、lenn could live a normal life with the upper half of his body. 答案:C 解析:推理判断题。根据第三段的第二句“Much to the amazement of the doctor,he did survive.”可知,医生认为这个男孩活下来的概率很小。 3.What do we know about Glenn? A.Glenn took recovery exercise in hospital. B.Glenn inspired people with his moving story. C.Glenn won the fi
45、rst place in Marathon. D.Glenn organized a track team in college. 答案:B 解析:推理判断题。根据最后一段的第一句“A good example of the power of positive thinking and faith in ones self,Glenn Cunningham continues to be an inspiration for many.”可知,Glenn 以他感人的故事激励人们。 4.What can be a suitable title for the text? A.Strengthen
46、 determination B.Stand up after failure C.Go after dreams D.Face difficulty bravely 答案:B 解析:主旨大意题。 根据第一段内容可知,让你成功的不是你的失败,而是你如何在被 打击后重新站起来,由此可知本文最佳主题是 Stand up after failure。 E - 7 - High school can be quite the stressful time for any student.There are numerous stresses to deal with and the pressure
47、can be more intense as you enter your senior year. 1 The answer is as follows. 2 Adjust your approach to your specific situation.For instance,if youre active in your community and your school and have a large family,you may feel depressed by having all these people involved in your life on a daily b
48、asis. 3 You just may need a moment to be alone and collect your thoughts before moving on to the challenges that face you. 4 If your stress persists and you cant figure out a way to handle it,you may want to try speaking to your school counselor(顾问).If you dont feel comfortable speaking to your coun
49、selor,try getting some other types of counseling. Realize your limits,and plan around them.Dont take on more than you can handle.If you take on too many things,you will be spread too thin and wont be able to perform at your best in anything. 5 You will definitely feel more at ease! A.Seek professional counseling. B.Why does the stress come into being? C.Try thinking of alternative ways to deal with stress. D.When you feel relieved,you can have a happier life. E.Taking some time out to be alone may be the best way to handl
