1、英 语Section Reading and Thinking词汇认知词汇认知汉译英汉译英1.chief adj.最重要的最重要的;最高级别的最高级别的n.(公司或机构的公司或机构的)首首领领;酋长酋长 2.nearby adj.附近的附近的;邻近的邻近的adv.在附近在附近 3.belong vi.应在应在(某处某处);适应适应 4.currency n.通货通货;货币货币 5.military adj.军事的军事的;军用的军用的 6.battle n.战役战役;搏斗搏斗vi.&vt.搏斗搏斗;奋斗奋斗 7.port n.港口港口(城市城市)8.join.to.把把和和连接或联结起来连接或联
2、结起来 9.break away(from sb/sth)脱离脱离;背叛背叛;逃脱逃脱 10.belong to 属于属于 11.as well as 同同(一样也一样也);和和;还还 12.keep your eyes open(for)留心留心;留意留意 词汇拓展词汇拓展13.kingdom n.王国王国;领域领域kingn.君主君主;国王国王 14.puzzle n.谜谜;智力游戏智力游戏;疑问疑问vt.迷惑迷惑;使困惑使困惑puzzling adj.令人迷惑的令人迷惑的puzzled adj.感到困惑的感到困惑的 15.defence n.防御防御;保卫保卫defend vt.辩护辩护
3、;防护防护 16.legal adj.法律的法律的;合法的合法的illegal adj.法法 非法的非法的;违违法的法的 17.surround vt.围绕围绕;包围包围surrounding adj.周围的周围的;附附近的近的surroundings n.环境环境;周围的事物周围的事物 18.evidence n.证据证据;证明证明evident adj.明显的明显的;明白的明白的 19.achievement n.成就成就;成绩成绩;达到达到achieve vt.达到达到;完完成成 20.location n.地方地方;地点地点;位置位置locate vt.位于位于;查找查找的地点的地点v
4、i.定位定位located adj.处于处于,位于位于 21.conquer vt.占领占领;征服征服;控制控制conqueror n.征服者征服者;胜胜利者利者 22.fascinating adj.极有吸引力的极有吸引力的;迷人的迷人的fascinate vt.使着迷使着迷;使人神魂颠倒使人神魂颠倒fascinated adj.感到着迷的感到着迷的;被深被深深吸引的深吸引的 阅读自测阅读自测Step 1Fast Reading一、快速浏览课文一、快速浏览课文,将段落与其主旨大意相匹配将段落与其主旨大意相匹配Paragraph 1 a.There is much more to learn
5、about the history and culture of the UK.Paragraph 2b.Learning the history of the UK can help you understand much more about the country and its traditions.Paragraph 3c.Different names of the UK often make people confused.Paragraph 4d.The similarities and differences of the four countries.Paragraph 5
6、e.The history of these different names.答案答案:Paragraph 1cParagraph 2eParagraph 3dParagraph 4bParagraph 5aStep 2Detailed Reading二、仔细阅读课文二、仔细阅读课文,选择最佳答案选择最佳答案1.When was the name the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland used in history?C A.In the 16th century.B.In the 18th century.C.In the 19th c
7、entury.D.In the 20th century.2.Which statement is TRUE according to the passage?C A.The four countries work together in all areas.B.The four countries use the same flag as well as share the same currency and education systems.C.The four countries have different legal systems.D.The four countries wor
8、k together for competitions like the World Cup.3.What did the Anglo-Saxons do when they arrived in the country?B A.They built wonderful towns and roads.B.They made the way people built houses changed.C.They left behind lots of new vocabulary.D.They had castles built all around England.词汇精讲词汇精讲1.【教材原
9、文】【教材原文】The United Kingdom,Great Britain,Britain,Englandmany people are confused by what these different names mean.(Page 40)联合王国、大不列颠、不列颠、英格兰联合王国、大不列颠、不列颠、英格兰许多人对这些许多人对这些不同的名字的意思感到困惑。不同的名字的意思感到困惑。考点考点confuse vt.使糊涂使糊涂;使使困惑困惑 confuse.and/with.将将和和混淆混淆confused adj.迷惑的迷惑的;困惑的困惑的;难懂的难懂的confusing adj.令人
10、困惑的令人困惑的;难以理解的难以理解的confusion n.困惑困惑;混淆混淆;不确定不确定in confusion 困惑地困惑地语境领悟语境领悟(1)People often confuse me and my twin sister.人们经常把我和我的孪生妹妹搞错。人们经常把我和我的孪生妹妹搞错。(2)Customers are confused about all the different labels on food these days.顾客如今被五花八门的食物标签搞得稀里糊涂。顾客如今被五花八门的食物标签搞得稀里糊涂。(3)The instructions on the bot
11、tle are very confusing.瓶子上的使用说明令人费解。瓶子上的使用说明令人费解。(4)There is some confusion as to what to do next.至于下一步该做什么还不清楚。至于下一步该做什么还不清楚。学以致用学以致用单句改错单句改错(1)His explanation was so confused that I could hardly understand what he had done at all.confusedconfusing(2)He looked at me with confusion and didnt answer
12、my question.within 单句语法填空单句语法填空(3)Many students will confuse“similar”and/with“familiar”.(4)There is some confusion(confuse)about what the correct procedure should be.2.【教材原文】【教材原文】Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.(Page 40)了解一点英国历史将有助于你解决这个困惑。了解一点英国历史
13、将有助于你解决这个困惑。考点考点puzzle n.谜谜;智力游戏智力游戏;疑问疑问vt.迷惑迷惑;(使使)困惑困惑puzzle about/over.苦苦思索苦苦思索;仔细琢磨仔细琢磨puzzling adj.令人迷惑的令人迷惑的puzzled adj.迷惑不解的迷惑不解的;困惑的困惑的be puzzled about 对对迷惑不解迷惑不解语境领悟语境领悟(1)It is a puzzle to me why he wants to change his job.他为什么想换工作对我来说仍是个谜。他为什么想换工作对我来说仍是个谜。(2)The police are still puzzled
14、about how the accident could have happened.警察仍在苦思这起事故是怎么发生的。警察仍在苦思这起事故是怎么发生的。(3)The crossword on the newspaper really puzzles me.这份报纸上的纵横字谜真的让我很困惑。这份报纸上的纵横字谜真的让我很困惑。学以致用学以致用单句语法填空单句语法填空(1)Where he put the gold pot before he died remained a puzzle to the world.(2)Ive been trying to puzzle about/over
15、which piece of work is most important.(3)I often read about incidents of misunderstanding or conflict.Im left puzzled(puzzle).完成句子完成句子(4)她脸上疑惑的表情表明她对那个令人困惑的数学题感到她脸上疑惑的表情表明她对那个令人困惑的数学题感到迷惑不解。迷惑不解。The puzzled look on her face suggested she was puzzled about the puzzling maths problem.3.【教材原文】【教材原文】In
16、the 19th century,the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.(Page 40)在在19世纪世纪,爱尔兰王国加入从而创建了大不列颠及爱尔兰联爱尔兰王国加入从而创建了大不列颠及爱尔兰联合王国。合王国。考点考点add vi.加加;增加增加;添加添加 add to 增加增加;增添增添add up 把把加起来加起来add up to 总共是总共是;总计为总计为addition n.加法加法;添加添加;增加增加additional adj.附加的附加的
17、;额外的额外的additionally adv.另外另外;此外此外语境领悟语境领悟(1)What he did has added to our difficulty.他的所作所为增加了我们的困难。他的所作所为增加了我们的困难。(2)Please add up all these figures and tell me the total.请把所有这些数字加起来请把所有这些数字加起来,告诉我总数。告诉我总数。(3)Add these figures up/together,please.请把这些数字加起来。请把这些数字加起来。(4)It is reported that the number
18、of visitors to the exhibition adds up to 15,000 every day.据报道据报道,每天来参观展览的人数总计为每天来参观展览的人数总计为15,000。学以致用学以致用完成句子完成句子(1)你的咖啡要多加糖吗你的咖啡要多加糖吗?Will you add more sugar to your coffee?(2)他的学校教育加起来不到一年。他的学校教育加起来不到一年。His school education added up to no more than a year.(3)船上的发动机出毛病了船上的发动机出毛病了,而且恶劣的天气又加剧了海上而且恶劣
19、的天气又加剧了海上全体船员的无助感。全体船员的无助感。The engine of the ship was out of order and the bad weather added to the helplessness for the crew at sea.(4)把你的得分加起来把你的得分加起来,看看你得了多少分。看看你得了多少分。Add up your score and see how many points you get.4.【教材原文】【教材原文】Finally,in the 20th century,the southern part of Ireland broke aw
20、ay from the UK,which resulted in the full name we have today:the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.(Page 40)最后最后,在在20世纪世纪,爱尔兰南部脱离英国爱尔兰南部脱离英国,形成了今天的全称形成了今天的全称:大大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。考点考点一一break away(from sb/sth)脱离脱离;背叛背叛;逃脱逃脱 与与break相关的其他短语相关的其他短语:break in 破门而入破门而入;打断打断break i
21、nto 闯入闯入;突然开始突然开始(笑、唱等笑、唱等)break out(战争战争)爆发爆发;(火灾火灾)发生发生break up 拆开拆开;结束结束;解散解散break down 出故障出故障;失败失败;垮掉垮掉;(使使)分解分解break through 突破突破语境领悟语境领悟(1)She broke away from him and ran to the window.她从他怀里挣脱开她从他怀里挣脱开,向窗户跑去。向窗户跑去。(2)I could tell the story much more easily if you didnt break in so often.要是你不总是
22、插嘴要是你不总是插嘴,我讲故事会容易得多。我讲故事会容易得多。(3)Fire broke out during the night.夜里突然发生了火灾。夜里突然发生了火灾。(4)The police came and broke up the crowd.警察来了警察来了,驱散了人群。驱散了人群。(5)The car broke down on the way.车子在路上抛锚了。车子在路上抛锚了。考点考点二二result in sth/doing sth 造成造成;导致导致 result from sth 起因于起因于;由于由于as a result 因此因此;所以所以as a result
23、of sth/doing sth 因为因为/由于由于语境领悟语境领悟(1)The report says lack of water may result in several problems.报告提到水资源缺乏可能会导致一些问题。报告提到水资源缺乏可能会导致一些问题。(2)Many hair problems result from what you eat.很多头发问题是由你吃的东西引起的。很多头发问题是由你吃的东西引起的。(3)She died as a result of her injuries.她由于受伤而死亡。她由于受伤而死亡。(4)He made a mistake,and
24、as a result,lost his job.他犯了一个错误他犯了一个错误,因此失去了工作。因此失去了工作。学以致用学以致用介、副词填空介、副词填空(1)The thief broke in and took away the TV set.(2)The American Civil War broke out in 1861.(3)They broke up the whole ship into two parts.(4)Your health will break down if you keep working like this.完成句子完成句子(5)这些自然灾难使得许多人受苦。
25、这些自然灾难使得许多人受苦。These natural disasters resulted in many people suffering.(6)那家公司因为经营不善而倒闭。那家公司因为经营不善而倒闭。That company closed down as a result of bad management.(7)很明显很明显,他的失败是因为他的懒惰和粗心。他的失败是因为他的懒惰和粗心。It is obvious that his failure resulted from his laziness and carelessness.5.【教材原文】【教材原文】People from t
26、he UK are called“British”,which means the UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great Britain.(Page 40)来自英国的人被称为来自英国的人被称为“British”,这意味着英国也经常被称为这意味着英国也经常被称为Britain或或Great Britain。考点考点refer to.as.把把称为称为/叫作叫作refer to sb/sth 提到提到;谈及谈及;描述描述;涉及涉及refer sb/sth to sb/sth 将将交给交给;让让求助于求助于referable adj.可与可
27、与相关的相关的reference n.参考参考;查阅查阅;说到说到(或提到或提到)的事的事in/with reference to 关于关于语境领悟语境领悟(1)Her mother never referred to him again.她的母亲再也没有提到过他。她的母亲再也没有提到过他。(2)This paragraph refers to the events of last year.这一段说的是去年发生的事。这一段说的是去年发生的事。(3)My doctor referred me to a specialist.我的医生让我去找一位专家。我的医生让我去找一位专家。(4)She ma
28、de no reference to her illness but only to her future plans.她没有提到她的病她没有提到她的病,只说了她未来的计划。只说了她未来的计划。(5)With reference to your letter of last week,I have nothing more to say.关于你上周的信关于你上周的信,我没有更多要说的。我没有更多要说的。学以致用学以致用单句语法填空单句语法填空(1)Write down the name of the hotel for further reference(refer).(2)You know
29、who I am referring(refer)to.(3)The symbol refers to items which are intended for advanced learners.(4)She often refers to him as“that nice man”.6.【教材原文】【教材原文】The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas.(Page 40)属于英国的四个国家在一些领域进行了合作属于英国的四个国家在一些领域进行了合作。考点考点belong to
30、是一个短语动词是一个短语动词,表示表示“属于属于;为为的一员的一员”。(1)belong to是一个表示归属关系的短语动词是一个表示归属关系的短语动词,不用于被动语不用于被动语态态,也不用于进行时态也不用于进行时态,其中的其中的to为介词为介词,后跟名词或代词做宾后跟名词或代词做宾语。语。(2)belong vi.应在应在(某处某处);适应适应belongings n.pl.财产财产;所有物所有物语境领悟语境领悟(1)Who does this watch belong to?这块表是谁的这块表是谁的?(2)The computers belonging to them are under r
31、epair.属于他们的那些电脑正在维修。属于他们的那些电脑正在维修。(3)Put it back where it belongs after you have read it.读完后读完后,请你把它放回原处。请你把它放回原处。学以致用学以致用单句语法填空单句语法填空(1)She packed her few belongings(belong)in a bag and left.(2)These books belong to me.句型转换句型转换(3)This dictionary belongs to Tom.This book is Toms.7.【教材原文】【教材原文】They u
32、se the same flag,known as the Union Jack,as well as share the same currency and military defence.(Page 40)像拥有同样的货币和国防一样像拥有同样的货币和国防一样,他们也使用同一面国旗他们也使用同一面国旗。考点考点as well as 同同(一样也一样也);和和;还还 as well as意为意为“同同(一样也一样也);和和;还还”;可连接两个并列成分可连接两个并列成分,强强调其前面的内容调其前面的内容,因此连接并列主语时因此连接并列主语时,谓语应与前面的主语谓语应与前面的主语保持人称和数的一
33、致。另外保持人称和数的一致。另外,as well as也可以是也可以是well的同级比的同级比较结构较结构,表示表示“和和一样好一样好”,在否定句中可用在否定句中可用not so well as代替代替not as well as。as well表示表示“也也;还还”,常放在句子末尾常放在句子末尾,作为副词短作为副词短语使用语使用。语境领悟语境领悟(1)The child is lovely as well as healthy.这孩子既可爱又健康。这孩子既可爱又健康。(2)Many students as well as Tom were present at the meeting.汤姆和
34、许多学生都出席了会议。汤姆和许多学生都出席了会议。(3)She cooks as well as her mother does.她做饭跟她母亲做得一样好。她做饭跟她母亲做得一样好。(4)She can ride a horse and swim;she can shoot as well.她会骑马、游泳她会骑马、游泳,也会射击。也会射击。(5)Im going to London and my sisters going as well.我打算到伦敦去我打算到伦敦去,我妹妹也要去。我妹妹也要去。学以致用学以致用单句语法填空单句语法填空(1)Jack as well as his parent
35、s is(be)going to New York.(2)They have a flat in town as well as in the country.句型转换句型转换(3)They own a house in France as well as a villa in Spain.They own a house in France and own a villa in Spain as well.8.【教材原文】【教材原文】Almost everywhere you go in the UK,you will be surrounded by evidence of four di
36、fferent groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.(Page 40)在英国在英国,几乎你每到一个地方几乎你每到一个地方,你都会被四个不同群体的证你都会被四个不同群体的证据所环绕据所环绕,他们在不同的历史时期接管了英国。他们在不同的历史时期接管了英国。考点考点surround vt.围绕围绕;包围包围 surround sb/sth with sb/sth 包围包围be surrounded by.被被包围包围surrounding adj.周围的周围的surroundings n.pl.环境
37、环境语境领悟语境领悟(1)The farmer surrounded his house and garden with a fence.那个农民用一道篱笆把房子和花园围住。那个农民用一道篱笆把房子和花园围住。(2)It used to be a huge continent surrounded by the great ocean.它曾是一块幅员辽阔的大陆它曾是一块幅员辽阔的大陆,四周环绕着海洋。四周环绕着海洋。(3)Id like to bring up my child in healthy surroundings.我想在健康的环境中养育我的孩子。我想在健康的环境中养育我的孩子。学以
38、致用学以致用单句语法填空单句语法填空(1)To some people,happiness means they are surrounded(surround)by family and friends.(2)We could see the building surrounded(surround)by trees when we got there that morning.(3)It took me a few weeks to get used to my new surroundings(surround).(4)After receiving the order,the poli
39、ce surrounded(surround)the hospital immediately.完成句子完成句子(5)我总是梦想着有一个被绿树和花朵环绕的房子。如果能我总是梦想着有一个被绿树和花朵环绕的房子。如果能住在那样美丽的环境里住在那样美丽的环境里,我一定天天都会非常开心。周围的我一定天天都会非常开心。周围的事物总会对我们的心情产生影响。事物总会对我们的心情产生影响。I always dream of having a house surrounded by green trees and flowers.If I can live in such beautiful surroundi
40、ngs,I must be very happy every day.The surrounding things always have an effect on our mood.9.【教材原文】【教材原文】Some of their great achievements included building towns and roads.(Page 40)他们的一些伟大成就包括建设城镇和道路。他们的一些伟大成就包括建设城镇和道路。考点考点achievement n.成就成就;成绩成绩;达到达到a sense of achievement 成就感成就感make great achievem
41、ents in.在在取得巨大成就取得巨大成就achieve vt.完成完成;达到达到vi.成功成功achieve success 获得成功获得成功achieve ones goal 达到目标达到目标语境领悟语境领悟(1)I felt great sense of achievement when I reached the top of the mountain.当我到达山顶的时候当我到达山顶的时候,我有一种巨大的成就感。我有一种巨大的成就感。(2)In the last few years,China has made great achievements in environmental
42、protection.在过去的几年里在过去的几年里,中国在环保方面取得了巨大成就。中国在环保方面取得了巨大成就。(3)She eventually achieved her goal of becoming a professor.她终于实现了成为一名教授的目标。她终于实现了成为一名教授的目标。学以致用学以致用完成句子完成句子(1)第一次飞越大西洋是一个伟大的成就。第一次飞越大西洋是一个伟大的成就。Flying across the Atlantic for the first time was a great achievement.(2)即便是小小的成功也给人一种成就感。即便是小小的成功也
43、给人一种成就感。Even a small success gives you a sense of achievement.(3)经过许多年的努力经过许多年的努力,他终于取得了成功。他终于取得了成功。After so many years of hard work,he finally achieved success.10.【教材原文】【教材原文】The Vikings came in the eighth century,left behind lots of new vocabulary,and also the names of many locations across the UK
44、.(Page 41)维京人于公元维京人于公元8世纪到来世纪到来,留下了许多新的词汇留下了许多新的词汇,并给英国境并给英国境内的许多地方命名。内的许多地方命名。考点考点一一leave sb/sth behind 留下留下;忘了带忘了带;把把抛在后面抛在后面leave sth aside 搁置一边搁置一边;不予考虑不予考虑leave(sth)off 中断中断;不把不把列入列入;不包括不包括leave sth out 删掉删掉;漏掉漏掉leave for.动身去动身去语境领悟语境领悟(1)I have left my bag on the bus.我把包丢在公共汽车上了。我把包丢在公共汽车上了。(2
45、)Start reading from where you left off yesterday.从你昨天停止的地方开始读。从你昨天停止的地方开始读。(3)Youd better leave out the last paragraph.你最好删掉最后一段。你最好删掉最后一段。(4)Leaving the expense aside,do we actually need a second car?抛开费用多少不说抛开费用多少不说,我们真的还需要一辆汽车吗我们真的还需要一辆汽车吗?考点考点二二location n.地方地方;位置位置;地点地点locate vi.找出找出的准确地点的准确地点;确
46、定确定的准确地点的准确地点located adj.位于位于;坐落在坐落在be located at/in/on.位于位于locator n.定位器定位器语境领悟语境领悟(1)The offices are located just a few minutes from the main station.办事处离总站仅几分钟的路程。办事处离总站仅几分钟的路程。(2)What is the exact location of the ship?那条船的准确位置在哪里那条船的准确位置在哪里?(3)They live in a small town located 30 miles south of
47、Chicago.他们生活在芝加哥以南他们生活在芝加哥以南30英里的一个小镇上。英里的一个小镇上。学以致用学以致用单句语法填空单句语法填空(1)You left out an“m”in the word“accommodation”.(2)He left off playing the piano to answer the door.(3)Mother left aside my request and just carried on what she was doing.(4)You will be left behind by your classmates unless you work
48、 harder.(5)I am leaving for London next month.(6)They have chosen a secret location(locate)for their honeymoon.(7)It is said that the new museum is located(locate)near the city library.11.【教材原文】【教材原文】The capital city London is a great place to start,as it is an ancient port city that has a history d
49、ating all the way back to Roman times.(Page 41)首都伦敦是一个很好的起点首都伦敦是一个很好的起点,因为它是一个古老的港口城市因为它是一个古老的港口城市,其历史可以追溯到罗马时代。其历史可以追溯到罗马时代。考点考点date back to 追溯到追溯到;始于始于;自自至今至今(1)date from=date back(to)追溯到追溯到;始于始于;自自至今至今(2)date back(to)和和date from 都不用于被动语态或进行时态。都不用于被动语态或进行时态。(3)date from和和date back to 后接时间点后接时间点;da
50、te back后接时间后接时间段。段。语境领悟语境领悟(1)This custom dates back hundreds of years.这一习俗可以追溯到几百年前。这一习俗可以追溯到几百年前。(2)It is a law dating from the 17th century.这是一条自这是一条自17世纪起沿用至今的法律。世纪起沿用至今的法律。(3)The college dates back to medieval times.这所学院创办于中世纪。这所学院创办于中世纪。学以致用学以致用完成句子完成句子(1)这一传统可以追溯到唐朝。这一传统可以追溯到唐朝。This tradition
