1、非谓语动词作表语,状语 例句选自2019年人教版必修一和必修二要点一.作表语 （ing/pp/to do sth)可放在 be；变化系动词get/become/turn；感官系动词seem/look/appear/feel/sound/taste/smell；持续系动词remain/keep/stay 等之后作表语，表示主语所处的情绪或状态。观察下列课本原句再现：1.My dream is to start my own IT company.(book 1 Welcome Unit)2.Her next goal is to start a charity website to raise
2、money for children in poor countries.(book 2 unit3)3.Jordan says that the secret to his success is learning from his failures.(book 1 unit 3)4.What you first do is(to)mix the egg with flour.你先得把鸡蛋和面粉和好。你先得把鸡蛋和面粉和好。归纳一归纳一：1).不定式和动名词都可以做不定式和动名词都可以做be动词的表语动词的表语:动名词作表语表示抽象的概动名词作表语表示抽象的概念性的动作，可以是多次的经常性的行
3、为；不定式多表念性的动作，可以是多次的经常性的行为；不定式多表 示具体的动作，示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作尤其是某一次的动作.My hobby is playing guitar.(泛指）泛指）My task today is to do some washing.(具体的一次性的动作具体的一次性的动作)Ones dream/goal/task is to do Ones dream/goal/task is to do sthsth 某人的梦想某人的梦想/目标目标/任务是去任务是去干什么干什么 2).当不定式用作表语时，其中的 to 原则上是不能省略的,但是当主当主语部分有动词语部分有动
4、词do(did/do/does)do(did/do/does)的某种形式时，用作表语的不定式可以的某种形式时，用作表语的不定式可以省略省略to.to.观察下列课本原句：1.About 75%of the citys factories and buildings,90percent of its homes,and all of its hospitals were gone.(book 1 Unit 4)2.But hope was not lost.(book 1 unit 4)3.Thousands of people are still missing,and the number o
5、f deaths is expected to grow even higher over the next few years.(book 1 unit 4)归纳二：sth/sb be lost/gone/missing 丢了 4.Written Chinese has also become an important means by which Chinas present is connected.(book 1 unit 5)归纳三：及物动词如果没有宾语用被动结构（pp)观察下列课本原句4.1).The first week was a little confusing.(book
6、1 unit 1)2).I was afraid and I felt so alone and discourageddiscouraged.(book 2 unit 5)归纳四：英语中有很多与感觉有关的动词，其现在分词表示主动意义，即“令人令人的的”，多用来修饰物，多用来修饰物；其过去分词过去分词 表示被动意义，即“感到感到的”，多用来修饰人、人的声音或表情修饰人、人的声音或表情等。excited/disappointed/frightened/pleased/satisfied/interested/puzzled/excited/disappointed/frightened/plea
7、sed/satisfied/interested/puzzled/tired tired 感到感到 exciting/disappointing/frightening/pleasing/satisfying/interesting/puexciting/disappointing/frightening/pleasing/satisfying/interesting/puzzling/zzling/tiringtiring令人令人感到感到.另外还有下列形容词astonishing 令人惊讶的 astonished 感到惊讶的 inspiring 令人鼓舞的 inspired 受鼓舞的 enc
8、ouraging 令人鼓舞的 encouraged 受到鼓舞的moving 感人的 moved 受感动的 pleasing 令人高兴的 pleased 感到满意的 shocking 令人震惊的 shocked 感到震惊的worrying 令人担心的 worried 感到担心的 实战演练：（1）For those with family members far away，the personal computer and the phone are important in staying （connect）.（2）In April，thousands of holidaymakers rema
9、ined （stick）abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.stick/stuck/stuck（3）Ladies and gentlemen，please remain （seat/sit）until the plane has come to a complete stop.（4）Please remain （seat）；the winner of the prize will be announced soon.单句写作（5）听到那个消息他似乎很高兴。_（6）门仍然锁着。_ _ connectedstuckseated/sittingSeat vt 使
10、某人就坐 seat sb/oneself sit viseatedHe seemed/appeared(to be happy)to hear the news.The door remained locked选词填空（7).His most invitation was to perform on a TV program called“Top of the Pop”（exciting/excited）（8）I feel so !At this time tomorrow morning I will be flying to Shanghai.（exciting/excited）（9）Br
11、ian felt when he was sitting on the sofa and watching TV.How his lifestyle was!（relaxing/relaxed）（10）He is always me with some stories.I have been with it.（boring/bored）（11）He is at the news that his mother has to stay in Japan during Christmas.（disappointing/disappointed）（12）A sudden stop can be a
12、very experience，especially if you are travelling at high speed.（frightening/frightened）（13）Although the little girl was ，she answered in a calm voice.（frightening/frightened）（14）The news made me realize what terrible problems we would face.（shocking/shocked）（15）The parents were by the news that thei
13、r son needed an operation on his knee（shocking/shocked）（16）All I did was _（touch/to touch)the window,and it broke.excitingexcitedrelaxedrelaxingboredboringboreddisappointeddisappointingfrighteningfrightenedshockingshockedtouch要点二非谓语动词作状语课文原句再现1.1).Each statue has a different face,leading researchers
14、 to believe that each one is a copy of a real soldier.(book 1 unit 2)结果状语2).The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday,killing more than 6,500 people in Indonesia,India,Thailand,Malaysia,and at least four other countries.(boo
15、k1 unit4)3).Over the years,the system developed into different forms,as it was a time when people were divided geographically,leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.(book 1 unit 5)区别：He arrived at the station(only)to be told the train had gone 2.1).Water，food，and electricity were hard
16、to get.(book 1 unit 4).2).Two years ago,I was told I had a serious disease which was difficult to cure.归纳一：1.ing 和不定式都可以做结果状语，放在主句的后面，但是ing形式表示自然的结果，(only)to do sth表示出乎意料的结果。2.原因状语，当这些形容词light,heavy,hard/difficult,easy,comfortable,pleasant,dangerous impossible,interesting,nice等出现时要用主动表被动，只能用to do,不能
17、用to be done 3.1).Mice ran out of the fields looking places to hide.(book 1 unit 4)2).Watching them move slowing across the green grass,I am stuck by their beauty.(book 2 unit 2)3).Hunters were shooting antelopes to/in order to/so as to make profits.(book 2 unit 2)=To/in order to make profits,hunters
18、 were shooting antelopes.4）.Bridges and gates were added to let the antelopes move easily and keep them safe from cars and trains.(book 2 unit 2)5）.Born in the USA on 2 January 1970,Whitacre began studying music at the University of Nevada in 1988.(book 2 unit 5)6).Moved by this music,he said,“It wa
19、s like seeing color for the first time.”(book 2 unit 5)7).Inspired,he asked his fans to make videos,which he then joined together into one performance.(book 2 unit 5)8).Tasting delicious,the food sells well.归纳二：1.作状语的时候，如果主句的主语和从句的主语一致，先考虑是否表目的用to do sth(放于句首后面加逗号，放于主句后to前没有逗号;再考虑主动（ing）和被动（pp）2.系表结
20、构做状语省略动词be 3.不及物动词和系动词作状语只能用ing 形式 目的状语概括总结一：分词（短语）作状语:表示动作发生的背景或情况，其逻辑主语即是句子的主语。过去分词（短语）在句中作状语可以表示时间、条件、方式或伴随、让步、原因等。（1）表示时间 分词（短语）作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句。when（2）表示条件 分词（短语）作条件状语，相当于一个条件状语从句。If（3）表示方式或伴随 分词（短语）作方式状语或伴随状语，可以转换成一个并列句。and do/did/does（4）表示让步 分词（短语）作让步状语，相当于一个让步状语从句。Though（5）表示原因 分词（短语）作原因状语，
21、相当于一个原因状语从句。Because 不定式作状语可以表示:（1).结果状语，位于主句之后，表示出乎意料的结果（2).目的状语，可以位于主句之前，后面有逗号：也可以位于主句之后，在句中前面没有逗号。（3）原因状语，当这些形容词light,heavy,hard/difficult,easy,comfortable,pleasant,dangerous impossible,interesting nice等出现时要用主动表被动。The river is dangerous to swim in.The music is pleasant to listen to.The chair is co
22、mfortable to sit on.逻辑宾语 概括总结二：某些概括总结二：某些pp作状语表状态，常见的有作状语表状态，常见的有:(be)lost in 迷路，丢失迷路，丢失(be)lost in deep thought 陷入深思陷入深思(be)absorbed in 专心于专心于(be)dressed in 穿着穿着(be)tired of 厌倦于厌倦于(be)worried about 担心担心(be)based on 基于基于/建立在建立在的基础上的基础上 (be)faced with面对着面对着 (be)born in 出生在出生在 Faced with difficulty,he
23、 was brave.=Facing difficulty,he._ ,he didnt hear the sound.陷入沉思中，他并没有听到那个声音。陷入沉思中，他并没有听到那个声音。_,he started to read a novel.厌倦了那个冗长的演讲，他开始读起小说来。厌倦了那个冗长的演讲，他开始读起小说来。_,the girl looked like an angel.穿着白色的衣服，这个女孩看起来像个天使。穿着白色的衣服，这个女孩看起来像个天使。Lost in deep thoughtTired of the long speechDressed in white实战演练实
24、战演练Hit by a lack of fresh air,my head ached.Asked what had happened,he kept silent.Given more time,we would be able to do the work much better.Left alone at home,the little boy didnt feel afraid at all.The teacher entered the classroom,followed by some students.原因原因时间时间条件条件让步让步伴随伴随=Because my head w
25、as hit by,it ached.=When he was asked what,he kept silent.=If we were given more time,we would=Although the little boy was left alone,he didnt feel=The teacher entered the classroom,and he was followed by 过去分词作状语过去分词作状语,有时可以在其前边加上有时可以在其前边加上when,while,if,unless,although,once等连词，以起到强调的作用等连词，以起到强调的作用，使
26、句使句意更加明确意更加明确。Asked what had happened,he kept silent.(When)Given more time,we would be able to do the work much better.(If)Left alone at home,the little boy didnt feel afraid at all.(Although)Rewrite the sentences,using the past participle as the adverbial.1.Because it was done in a hurry,his homewo
27、rk was full of mistakes.Done in a hurry,his homework was full of mistakes.2.If it is taken according to the instructions,the medicine has no side effect.Taken according to the instructions,the medicine has no side effect.3.Though he was defeated by the young player for the second time,he didnt lose
28、heart.Defeated by the young player for the second time,he didnt lose heart.4.Because he was born in a poor family,he had little schooling.Born in a poor family,he had little schooling.独立成分作状语有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：generally speaking 一般来说 strictly/honestly/frankly speaking 严格地、诚实地、坦
29、率地讲 considering/given/taking into consideration 考虑到 judging from/by 根据.判断 compared with/to 与.相比provided/providing/suppose/supposing/assuming 假设 to be frank/to tell you the truth/to be honest 坦率地说、跟你说实话、老实说to make things/the matter worse 更为糟糕的是seeing that 鉴于1).Considering/Given his age,he is quite ta
30、ll.=Taking his age into consideration,he is quite tall.2).Judging from his look,he didnt agree with you at all.3).I lost my way in complete darkness and,to make things worse,it began to rain.4).To tell you the truth,I am a little tired.5).Compared with this city,Beijing is bigger.（1）The experiment s
31、hows that proper amounts of exercise，if （carry）out regularly，can improve our health.（2）（see）from the top of the tower，the south foot of the mountain is like a sea of trees.（3）Though （surprise）to see us，the professor gave us a warm welcome.be surprised（4）（encourage）by the advances in technology，many
32、farmers have set up wind farms on their lands.(5)._(make)it easier to get in touch with us,youd better keep this card at hand.(2016北京）(6).I like staying up late _(watch)TV,surfing the Internet or doing something I am fond of.(7).You lose weight for a while,only _(gain)back more weight when you stop
33、your weight loss program.Only to do sth 表示出乎意料的结果(8)._(raise)in the poorest area of Glasgow,he had a long hard road to becoming a football star.(9).The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows,_(make)air conditioning unnecessary.判断正（T）误（F）doing 表示自然而然的结果状语 小偷如果被抓，会受到警方的惩罚。The meeting being hel
34、d now is very important.（10）If caught，the police will punish the thief.（）（11）If caught，the thief will be punished by the police.（）carriedSeensurprisedEncouragedTo make watchingto gain Raisedmaking F T句型转换 when aked about.（12）When he was asked about his impression of the apartment，he made no answer.，
35、he made no answer.（13）If we are united，we stand；if we are divided，we fall.，we stand；，we fall.（14）The boy slid out of his room and was followed by his pet dog.The boy slid out of his room，.（15）Though he was rejected many times，the man didnt lose heart.，the man didnt lose heart.前后主语一致 reject vt 拒绝（16）
36、Because he was seriously injured，he had to be taken to the hospital.，he had to be taken to the hospital.Asked about his impression of the apartmentUniteddividedfollowed by his pet dog.Rejected many times Seriously injured 17).When _(offer)help,one often says“Thank you”or“Its kind of you.18)._(Separa
37、te)from other continents for millions of years,Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.Having been separated 19).Generally speaking,if _(take)according to the directions,the drug has no side effect.20).He glanced at her,_(note)that though she was tiny,she se
38、emed very well.21).The teacher came into the lab,_(follow)by some students.22)._(sleep)late in the morning,he turned off the alarm oclock.目的状语23)._(see)from the hill,the park looks very beautiful.24)._(see)the sunset from the hill,he felt relaxed.25)._(lose)in the woods,he finally saved by the police.Be lost in 系表结构作状语省略 be offeredSeparatedtakennotingfollowedTo sleepSeen Seeing Lost
