1、选修八选修八 Units 12Units 12Unit 1 A land of diversity教材复习篇.晨背5分钟一、短语晨背1by means of.用办法；借助2make a life谋生3team up with.与合成或一起工作4mark out划线标出界线5take in包括；吸收6a great/good many许多；很多7live on继续存在；继续生活8keep up坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等)9back to back背靠背10apply for申请；请示；得到二、佳句选粹1However，it is likely that Native Americans we
2、re living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.然而，美洲土著人很可能在至少一万五千年前就在加州生活着。2That is why today over 40%of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.这就是今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。.单词自查1 n差别；区分；卓著2n海峡3adj.北极的；北极区的4n(政府的)部；(全体)牧师；牧师的职责5 n苦难；困苦distinctionstraitArcticmini
3、stryhardship6 vt.选择；决定做某事；选举某人7 adj.联邦制的；联邦政府的8 n铁路；扶手；(护栏的)横条9n(人口、贸易的)繁荣 vi.处于经济迅速发展时期10 n飞行器；航空器；飞机11 n横渡；横越；十字路口；人行横道12n&adj.代理；副职electfederalrailboomaircraftcrossingvice13n侄子；外甥14 n地极；电极；磁极15n海关；关税；进口税16n牛(总称)17n行李18 vt.&vi.(shaved；shaved，shaven)刮；剃19n(有轨)电车20n闸；刹车；制动器 vi.&vt.刹(车)；用制动器减速nephewp
4、olecustomscattleluggageshavetrambrake21 n(公车)售票员；列车员；(乐队)指挥22 vi.滑动；滑行；滑跤 n滑动；滑倒23 n面包房；面包厂24 n渡船；渡口 vt.摆渡；渡运25 vt.&n租用；雇用26 n海鸥conductorslipbakeryferryhireseagull27 n角；角度28adv.无处；到处都无29n处罚；惩罚30n公正；公平31 vt.&vi.哀悼；悼念；表示悲痛32adj.公民的；国内的；民间的33 n权威；权力(pl.)当局；官方anglenowherepunishmentjusticemourncivilautho
5、rity34 vt.&vi.改革；革新 n改革；改造；改良35 vt.&n抓住；抓紧；掌握；领会36 adj.感激的；感谢的37vt.插入；嵌入38 adj.清晰的；明显的；明确的 n差别；区分；卓著39 n手段；方法 v意思是；打算；意味着 n意思，意义 adj.有意义的 adj.无意义的reformgraspthankfulinsertdistinctdistinctionmeansmeanmeaningmeaningfulmeaningless40 n大多数；大半adj.主要的；重要的 n少数；少数民族41 n百分比；百分率n百分之几42 vi.移入(外国定居)n移民；移居入境43 ad
6、j.人种的；种族的 n种族；比赛 v和竞赛；比赛majoritymajorminoritypercentagepercentimmigrateimmigrationracialrace44 n申请人 v申请；应用 n申请；应用程序45 n社会主义者；社会党人adj.社会主义者的n社会主义n社会46vi.发生；出现 n发生；出现；事件applicantapplyapplicationsocialistsocialismsocietyoccuroccurrence47vt.指出；表明；标示；暗示n指示；表明；指示物48 adj.显而易见的；显然的；表面上的 adv.显然地；显而易见地indicat
7、eindicationapparentapparently majority n大多数，多半A/The majority of doctors agree that smoking is extremely harmful to health.大多数医生认为吸烟对健康极为有害。The majority was/were in favour of the proposal.多数人赞成这个建议。Young people were in the majority at the meeting.这次会议中，年轻人占了多数。the majority of 的大多数in a/the majority占大多
8、数get a majority获得多数票have a majority over sb.拥有多数；战胜某人by/with a majority of以大多数赢得minority n少数in the minority占少数温馨提示：majority为可数名词，意为great number，指可数的概念，不指量(amount)。the majority作主语时，如果泛指多数(与少数相对)，谓语动词用复数形式和单数形式皆可。the majority of名词，表示“多数，许多”，其后的谓语动词取决于of之后的名词。majority常由great(但不是greater)修饰，表示“most of”。只
9、有在谈到两个“大多数”(two majorities)时使用greater。与介词连用作状语时用不定冠词“a/an”。eg：She was chosen by a thin majority of 15.完成句子In Britain women are(占多数)(大多数)of the students of are interested in computer games.in the majorityThe majority occur vi.发生；出现；被想到Didnt it occur to you that your husband might be late?你当时没有想到你丈夫也许
10、会晚到吗？Communication occurs almost every minute of your life.交流几乎在你生活的每一分钟都会发生。It didnt occur to her to ask for help.她没想到请别人帮忙。温馨提示：表达“发生”之意时，occur与happen可以互换；另外occur，happen，take place，break out等表示“发生；爆发”的单词或短语都不能用于被动语态或进行时态。occur结构中主语不能是人，而是想到的事情或it作形式主语。完成句子我想到一个主意。An idea me.他想起他已把邀请函发出去了。he had se
11、nt out the invitations.occurred toIt occurred to him that apparent adj.显而易见的；显然的；表面上的It was apparent from her look that she didnt hear what I said.从她的表情很明显地看到，她没听见我说的话。It was apparent to his mother that he was guilty.他妈妈明白，他是有罪的。Apparently，he never wrote a letter to her.显而易见，他从来没有给她写过一封信。It is appar
12、ent from sth.that.从某物上很明显地看出It is apparent to sb.that.某人明白It is apparent that.显然完成句子众所周知，他是有罪的。It was he was guilty.大家都能看出他的焦虑。His anxiety everyone.apparent to all thatwas apparent to indicate vt.指出，指示；指明，表明；暗示The light above the elevator indicated that the elevator was then at the fifteenth floor.电
13、梯上方的灯指示那时电梯在十五楼。His hesitation indicates unwillingness.他的犹豫表明他不愿意。A red sky at night indicates that the following day will be fine.A red sky at night indicates fine weather the following day.晚上天边红，预示明朝天气好。indication n指示；象征，预示；表示某种意思的言语、姿势、记号等indicate sth.to sb.向某人指出某物indicate that.示意，表明indication of
14、(doing)sth.的迹象完成句子箭头指示去公园的路。The arrow to the park.有迹象表明情况可能得到改善。There are the situation may be improving.indicates the wayindications that hire vt.&vi.租用，雇用 n出租，租用The bookshop usually hires its books out to those who like to read them.书店通常把书租给喜欢读书的人。The company has many cars for hire.这家公司有很多可供出租的车。W
15、e dont want to hire inexperienced workers.我们不想聘用没有经验的工人。hire sth.out(短期)出租hire oneself out受雇hire oneself out as受雇充当hire and fire聘用与解雇for hire可供出租hire日常用语，指按工作量或时间雇用人或租借东西，有“花钱使用某物”和“把某物使用权出让给别人以收取费用”之意；多指临时租用某物。如：hire a boat/a car/a camera/a bicycle/an evening dress/a hall for a meeting等。指人时，有“雇用、受雇
16、”两种含义。employ较正式，多指商店或公司长期雇用人手；受雇人员较广，甚至包括社会地位较高的职业人员，有“聘请”之意；也可以解释为“忙于，从事；采用”。常用于be employed in sth./doing sth.短语中。rent一般指租借房屋、地产(租借出去)；也有“花钱使用某物”和“把某物使用权出让给别人以收取费用”之意，多用于长时间的租借。如：rent a house/a flat/a TV等。rent还可作名词，意为“租金，租费”。用hire，employ或rent的适当形式填空Our house has been by a newlymarried couple.Its im
17、portant to proper words in writing poem.They in writing when I came.We a driver to take us on a tour of the city.rentedemploywere employedhired by means of用某种办法；借助This plan must be put into practice by all means.这个计划必须付诸实施。Can you solve the problem by this means?你能用这种方法解决这个问题吗？by all means务必；一定；当然行b
18、y any means无论如何by no means决不(用于句首时引起部分倒装)by this/these means用这种/这些办法完成句子所有可行的方法都试过了。All possible means.这个计划必须付诸实施。This plan must be put into practice.have been triedby all means take in收留；欺骗；改小；理解；领会；包括，吸收He certainly took us in with his stories about his experiences in Mexico.他一定是用他在墨西哥的经历来欺骗我们。The
19、 kind old lady offered to take in the poor homeless child.那位好心的老太太主动收留了那可怜的无家可归的孩子。Rainforests have a great effect on the world environment because they can take in heat from the sun and adjust the climate.(热带)雨林对世界环境有很大的影响，因为他们可以吸收来自太阳的热并调节气候。take off脱下；起飞；突然大受欢迎，迅速流行take on雇用；呈现；具有take over接管；接收ta
20、ke up继续；占用(时间/空间)；开始做，开始从事完成句子这种布料吸水很好。This kind of cloth easily.学英语占去了我大量的时间。Learning English.take in watertakes up a lot of my time mark out划线标出界限Mr.Powel has marked out a general course of action.鲍威尔先生已经拟定了一个总的行动计划。The directions of rural development have been marked out.农村发展的规划已制定出来了。His qualiti
21、es mark him out as a born leader.他的品质表明他生来就适合当领导。mark sth.with在某物上作标记mark down记下；标低(商品)的价目mark off划分出mark up把标出；标高(商品)的价目完成句子你的英语不能再得低分了。You cant afford to in English.标有红星的食品被列入了食谱。Food are included in the recipe.get another low markmarked with red stars It_is_believed_that before long the mix of na
22、tionalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups，but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.人们认为，要不了多久，多种国籍的混合将会如此之大，以至于不可能存在明显的主要的种族或文化群体，而是一个多种族，多文化的混合体。It is believed that.都认为。It is said that she will leave for Wuhan on Tuesday.据说她周二将去武汉。Its general
23、ly agreed that we should fight against pollution.人们普遍认为我们应当与污染作斗争。It is believed that they will come to help us shortly.相信他们很快会来帮助我们的。It is said that.据说It is reported that.据报道It is hoped that.大家希望It is wellknown that.众所周知It is thought that.大家认为It is suggested that.据建议温馨提示：此句型可改为：people say/believe/suppose/report/think thatclause.sb.be said/believed/thought to do完成句子人们相信他说了实话。he has told the truth.一般人都相信健康重于财富。health is above wealth.It is believed thatIt is believed that
