1、必修必修 Unit 4 Astronomy:the science of the stars要点考点梳理要点考点梳理 1._ n.卫星卫星 2._ n.气候气候 3._ n.宇宙飞船宇宙飞船 4._ n.引力；重力引力；重力 5._ n.气氛；大气层气氛；大气层 6._ n.宗教宗教_adj.宗教的宗教的 7._ n.生物生物_n.生物学家生物学家 satellite climatespaceshipgravity atmospherereligionreligiousbiologybiologist重点单词重点单词 8._ n.物理物理_ _n.物理学家物理学家 9._ n.天文学天文学_n
2、.天文学家天文学家 10._ adv.因此；于是因此；于是(同义词同义词)_ physicsphysicist(注意：注意：astronomyastronomer thus therefore/consequently/hencephysician 意为意为“内科医生内科医生”)11._ vi.存在；生存存在；生存_n.生存；存在生存；存在 12._ n.&vt.拉；拖拉；拖(反义词反义词)_ n.&vt.推推 13._ prep.不像；不同不像；不同(反义词反义词)_ prep.像像existexistencepullpush unlikelike 14._ n.地球；球体地球；球体_adj
3、.环球的；全球的环球的；全球的 15._ adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的_n.暴力暴力 16._ n.系统；体系；制度系统；体系；制度_adj.系统的；有系统的系统的；有系统的 globeglobalviolentviolence systemsystematic 17._ adj.有害的有害的_n.损损害；伤害害；伤害(反义词反义词)_adj.无害的无害的 18._ n.理论；学说理论；学说_adj.理论上的；理论的理论上的；理论的_adv.理论上理论上harmfulharmharmlesstheorytheoretical theoretically 19._ n.谜
4、；难题谜；难题 v.(使使)迷惑迷惑_adj.令人困惑的令人困惑的_ adj.困惑的困惑的 20._ adj.基本的；基础的基本的；基础的_adv.根本上；从根本上根本上；从根本上_n.基础；根本基础；根本puzzle puzzlingpuzzledfundamentalfundamentallyfundament/foundation 1.及时及时_ 2.下蛋下蛋_ 3.生；分娩生；分娩_ 4.轮到某人；接着轮到某人；接着_ 5.阻止某人做某事阻止某人做某事_ 6.挡住挡住_ 7.感到高兴；振作感到高兴；振作_in timelay eggsgive birth to in ones turn
5、prevent sb.from doing sth.block out cheer up 重点短语重点短语 8.既然既然_ 9.爆发爆发_ 10.密切注视；当心；提防密切注视；当心；提防_ 11.熟悉；掌握；理解熟悉；掌握；理解_ 12.对对有害有害_ 13.太阳系太阳系_ 14.二氧化碳二氧化碳_ now thatbreak outwatch out(for)get the hang of be harmful to/do harm tosolar system carbon dioxide 15.将要做将要做_ 16.允许某人做某事允许某人做某事_ 17.对对感到惊讶感到惊讶_ _ 18.
6、在在的氛围中的氛围中_ 19.奠定基础奠定基础_ 20.一连串的一连串的_ be to doallow sb.to do sth.be amazed at in the atmosphere of lay the foundation a chain of 1._ was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental _ the development of life.水会对生命的发展起水会对生命的发展起关键作用，这一点在当时并不太明显。关键作用，这一点在当时并不太明显。Itto优美句子优美句子 2.What it was _
7、(become)was uncertain _ between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago _ the dust settled into a solid globe.它会变成什么还没有人知它会变成什么还没有人知道，直到道，直到38亿亿45亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢地形成一个固体的球体。地形成一个固体的球体。to become untilwhen 3.What is even _(important)is that as the earth cooled down,water began to appear on _ surface.更为重要的
8、是，地球冷却了下来，更为重要的是，地球冷却了下来，地球的表面就开始出现了水。地球的表面就开始出现了水。more importantits 4.So _ life will continue on the earth for millions of years _(come)will depend on whether this problem can _(solve).所以，在未来的数百所以，在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续取决于这万年中，生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能否得到解决。个问题能否得到解决。whetherto comebe solved 5.I cheered up i
9、mmediately and _(float)weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin _(watch)the earth become smaller and the moon _(large).我立我立刻感到很高兴，由于失重，我在太空舱里刻感到很高兴，由于失重，我在太空舱里飘来飘去，我望着飘来飘去，我望着(身后的身后的)地球越来越小，地球越来越小，而而(前方的前方的)月球越来越大。月球越来越大。floatedwatchinglarger No one knows exactly how the earth began,as it happened
10、 so long ago.However,according to a (wide)accepted theory,the universe began a“Big Bang”that threw matter in all directions.After that,atoms began to form and combine to create stars and other bodies.For several billion years after “Big Bang”,the earth was still just a cloud of dust.What _ was to be
11、come was (certain)widelywith the ituncertain课文语法填空课文语法填空until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago _ the dust settled into a solid globe.The earth became so violent it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.It _ (explode)loudly with fire and rock.They were in time to produce carbon,nitro
12、gen,water vapour and other gases,were to make the earths atmosphere.What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down,water began to appear its surface.when thatexplodedwhich on重点难点突破重点难点突破1.harmful adj.有害的；伤害的有害的；伤害的 自我检测自我检测 用介词或所给词的适当形式填空。用介词或所给词的适当形式填空。(1)Generally speaking,natural _(
13、obese)shouldnt be _(harm)to human bodies.obesityharmful (2)As is known to all,drinking is harmful _ our health.Thats to say,it does harm _ our body.Therefore,we shouldnt drink but to do something _(harm)to our health.totoharmless be harmful to 对对有害有害 do harm to sb.=do sb.harm 对某对某人有害处人有害处归纳总结归纳总结写作运
14、用写作运用 翻译合并下列句子。翻译合并下列句子。(1)手机，手机，毫无疑问毫无疑问，给我们的生活带来极，给我们的生活带来极大的大的便利便利。Mobile phones,without doubt,bring great convenience to our life.(2)它们的它们的辐射辐射可能可能对对我们的健康我们的健康有害有害。Their radiation may be harmful to/do harm to our health.(用让步状语从句用让步状语从句)合并：合并：Although mobile phones,without doubt,bring great conve
15、nience to our life,their radiation may be harmful to/do harm to our health.2.exist vi.存在；生存；生活；继续存在存在；生存；生活；继续存在 自我检测自我检测 用所给词的适当形式填空或完成用所给词的适当形式填空或完成句子。句子。(1)They completely ignored these facts _(好像它们不存在好像它们不存在似的似的).(2)Many materials can _(作作为为而存在而存在)a variety of solid forms.as if they never existe
16、d exist as (3)People cant _(生存生存)without air.That means our _(exist)depends on air.(4)He could hardly _(靠靠生生存存)such a low salary.existexistenceexist on exist in 存在于存在于中中 exist on=live on 靠靠生活生活 exist as 作为作为而存在而存在归纳总结归纳总结写作运用写作运用 翻译合并下列句子。翻译合并下列句子。(1)恐龙恐龙是地球上最大的是地球上最大的生物生物之一。之一。The dinosaur is one o
17、f the largest creatures on earth.(2)六千多万年以前，六千多万年以前，恐龙恐龙就就存在存在地球上。地球上。Dinosaurs existed on Earth more than sixty million years ago.(用同位语手段用同位语手段)合并：合并：Dinosaurs,one of the largest creatures on earth,existed on Earth more than sixty million years ago.3.puzzle n.谜；难题；迷惑谜；难题；迷惑 v.(使使)迷惑；迷惑；(使使)为难为难 自我检
18、测自我检测 用适当的介词填空或完成句子。用适当的介词填空或完成句子。(1)How the universe came into being is still a puzzle _ many people.(2)_(让我困惑的事情让我困惑的事情)is why they didnt turn up in time.toWhat puzzles me (3)He was quite puzzled _ what to do next.(4)Everyone was a bit puzzled _ her strange reaction.about by be puzzled by 被被迷惑迷惑 b
19、e a puzzle to sb.对某人来说是个谜对某人来说是个谜/困惑困惑 be/feel puzzled about 对对感到困惑感到困惑归纳总结归纳总结写作运用写作运用 翻译合并下列句子。翻译合并下列句子。(1)我我被被这个问题这个问题迷惑住迷惑住了。了。I was puzzled by the problem.(2)我决定弄清楚它的答案。我决定弄清楚它的答案。I decided to figure out the answer to it.(用过去分词短语作状语用过去分词短语作状语)合并：合并：Puzzled by the problem,I decided to figure out
20、 the answer to it.4.prevent/stop/keep.from 阻止阻止/防防止止做做/发生发生 自我检测自我检测 根据括号内的汉语提示完成句子。根据括号内的汉语提示完成句子。(1)The government is taking measures to _ _(阻止阻止气候气候变得越来越糟糕变得越来越糟糕).prevent/stop/keep the climate from gettingworse(2)In a way,the atmosphere can help _(保护人们不受保护人们不受有害射线有害射线的侵害的侵害).protect people from
21、the harmful ray归纳总结归纳总结提示：在主动语态的句子中，提示：在主动语态的句子中，stop和和prevent后后 的的from可省略，但可省略，但keep后的后的from不能省略；在被动语态中，此三个短语中的不能省略；在被动语态中，此三个短语中的from均不可省略。均不可省略。比较：比较：protect.from.保护保护不受不受写作运用写作运用 翻译合并下列句子。翻译合并下列句子。(1)依我看依我看，政府理应，政府理应采取有效措施防止采取有效措施防止雾雾霾霾(haze)变得变得越来越糟糕。越来越糟糕。As far as I am concerned,the governmen
22、t is supposed to take effective measures to prevent the haze from getting worse.(2)雾霾大大地雾霾大大地影响影响了人们的日常生活。了人们的日常生活。The haze has greatly affected peoples daily life.(用非限定性定语从句用非限定性定语从句)合并：合并：As far as I am concerned,the government is supposed to take effective measures to prevent the haze,which has g
23、reatly affected peoples daily life,from getting worse.5.now that 由于；既然由于；既然 自我检测自我检测 用适当的关联词填空。用适当的关联词填空。(1)_ you are willing to take a chance,then go ahead!(2)_ the problem has been identified,appropriate measures should be taken.Since/Now that Since/Now that (3)It is _ he lacked enough confidence
24、that he suffered from failure.because(4)_ he went away,I suddenly felt not sure of myself on this matter.(5)He must be a good student,_ he is always careful with his lessons.Asfor归纳总结归纳总结提示：提示：since与与now that(既然既然)引导的原因引导的原因状语从句一般置于主句之前；状语从句一般置于主句之前；because(因因为为)引导的原因状语从句通常放在主句之引导的原因状语从句通常放在主句之后；后；a
25、s(由于由于)引导的原因状语从句一般位引导的原因状语从句一般位于主句前，也可位于主句后。此外，并列于主句前，也可位于主句后。此外，并列连词连词for也可表示原因，引出原因分句只能也可表示原因，引出原因分句只能放在另一个分句之后。放在另一个分句之后。写作运用写作运用 翻译合并下列句子。翻译合并下列句子。(1)你已经你已经掌握掌握了了太阳系太阳系的的相关理论相关理论。You have already got the hang of the relevant theory of the solar system.(2)请向我们解释一下这个请向我们解释一下这个现象现象吧。吧。Please explai
26、n the phenomenon to us.(用原因状语从句用原因状语从句)合并：合并：Now that/Since you have already got the hang of the relevant theory of the solar system,please explain the phenomenon to us.6.break out(火灾火灾/战争战争/地震等地震等)爆发；发生爆发；发生 自我检测自我检测 用适当的介词或副词填空。用适当的介词或副词填空。(1)A fire broke _ in our school,and it caused much alarm.(
27、2)A thief broke _ our house and stole all our money.out into(3)It was the trouble of money that broke _ their marriage.(4)Those soldiers sought to break _ the lines of the enemy.upthrough break into 破门而入破门而入 break up 打碎；结束；解散打碎；结束；解散 break away from 脱离脱离 break down 发生故障；抛锚发生故障；抛锚 break through 突破；突围
28、突破；突围归纳总结归纳总结写作运用写作运用 翻译合并下列句子。翻译合并下列句子。(1)2008年，汶川年，汶川发生发生了一场可怕的了一场可怕的地震地震。In 2008,a terrible earthquake broke out in Wenchuan.(2)地震地震给那里的人民造成了巨大的损失。给那里的人民造成了巨大的损失。The earthquake caused great damage to the people there.(用现在分词作状语用现在分词作状语)合并：合并：In 2008,a terrible earthquake broke out in Wenchuan,caus
29、ing great damage to the people there.7.in ones turn 轮到某人；接着轮到某人；接着 自我检测自我检测 用所给词的适当形式填空或完成用所给词的适当形式填空或完成句子。句子。(1)Thus elephants have,_(接接着着),become the biggest animals on land.(2)Dont forget that _(轮到轮到你你)to take out the trash.in their turn its your turn (3)_(轮到我轮到我),I showed them the pictures.(4)Su
30、san and her brother take turns _(do)the dishes.In my turn doing/to do Its sbs turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事轮到某人做某事 take turns to do sth./doing sth.轮流轮流/依次依次做某事做某事归纳总结归纳总结写作运用写作运用 翻译合并下列句子。翻译合并下列句子。(1)他们他们接着提出接着提出了一个建议。了一个建议。They,in their turn,put forward a proposal.(2)教育体系教育体系应该尽快应该尽快改革改革。Educational syste
31、m should be reformed as soon as possible.(用同位语从句用同位语从句)合并：合并：They,in their turn,put forward a proposal that educational system should be reformed as soon as possible.写作句型运用写作句型运用1.It is obvious(to sb./from.)that.(在某人看来在某人看来/从从看来看来)显然显然同义同义 obviously，/apparently，/It is clear that.运用运用 根据汉语意思完成英语句子。根据
32、汉语意思完成英语句子。(1)在我看来，显然政府在采取措施阻止这在我看来，显然政府在采取措施阻止这种疾病蔓延。种疾病蔓延。It is obvious to me that the government are taking measures to prevent the disease from spreading.(2)从他所说的话来看，显然，法律几千年从他所说的话来看，显然，法律几千年前就存在了。前就存在了。It is obvious from what he said that laws have existed for thousands of years.(3)很明显你的学生昨天没有说
33、实话。很明显你的学生昨天没有说实话。_ yesterday.Obviously，/It was obvious that your student didnt tell you the truth 很明显你的学生昨天没有说实话。很明显你的学生昨天没有说实话。_ _yesterday.It was obvious that your student didnt tell you the truth2.make it+adj.+for sb.to do使某人使某人做某事做某事说明说明 it是形式宾语，后面的是形式宾语，后面的to do才是真正才是真正的宾语。的宾语。运用运用 根据汉语意思根据汉语意
34、思,完成英文句子。完成英文句子。因特网使我们有可能用很短的时间因特网使我们有可能用很短的时间获知世界上发生的所有的事。获知世界上发生的所有的事。The Internet has _ _ what happens around the world in much less time.made it possiblefor us to get to know 这本字典使我学习英语容易多了。这本字典使我学习英语容易多了。The dictionary _ _ English.这座桥使我们很方便过河。这座桥使我们很方便过河。The bridge _ _ the river.makes it muchea
35、sier for me to learnmade it quite convenientfor us to cross运用运用 根据汉语意思根据汉语意思,完成英文句子完成英文句子。这棵树没有我爷爷这棵树没有我爷爷50年前种的那棵树高年前种的那棵树高。This tree is _ _ not as tall as the onethat my grandfather planted 50years ago.3.be not as.as.不如不如/不像不像这本书没有你写的那本难这本书没有你写的那本难。This book _.根据调查根据调查,大部分女生不像男生一样对大部分女生不像男生一样对篮球感兴
36、趣篮球感兴趣。According to the survey,most girls_ _ is not as difficult as the one that you wrotenot as interested in basketball as boys are.are运用运用 根据汉语意思根据汉语意思,完成英文句子。完成英文句子。我们下周是否进行考试取决于我们是否我们下周是否进行考试取决于我们是否按时完成了任务。按时完成了任务。_depends on whether we will finish the task on time.Whether we will have an exami
37、nation 4.whether.depend on whether.某事是某事是否发生取决于是否否发生取决于是否 我是否嫁给他取决于他是否爱我。我是否嫁给他取决于他是否爱我。_ depends on whether he loves me.地球变暖是否加剧取决于我们的活动是地球变暖是否加剧取决于我们的活动是否产生更多的二氧化碳。否产生更多的二氧化碳。Whether the global warming will become more serious _ _Whether I will marry himdepends on whether ouractivities will produce more carbon dioxide.
