1、 省略句省略句 基本概念基本概念省略句的定义：省略句的定义：省略句是为了避免重复、突出新信息省略句是为了避免重复、突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法修辞手段。并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法修辞手段。省略在语言中，尤其在对话中，是一种十省略在语言中，尤其在对话中，是一种十分普遍的现象。分普遍的现象。简单句的省略简单句的省略1 1、省略主语、省略主语 祈使句中主语通常省略；其它省略主祈使句中主语通常省略；其它省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。语多限于少数现成的说法。(1)(1)(I)(I)Thank you for your help.Thank you for your help.(2)(2)(I
2、)(I)See you tomorrow.See you tomorrow.(3)(3)(It)(It)Doesnt matter.Doesnt matter.(4)(4)(I)(I)Beg your pardon.Beg your pardon.2 2、省略主谓或主谓语的一部分、省略主谓或主谓语的一部分 (1)(1)(There is)(There is)No smoking.No smoking.(2)(2)(Is there)(Is there)Anything wrong?Anything wrong?(3)(3)(Will you)(Will you)Have a smoke?Hav
3、e a smoke?(4)What/How(4)What/How(do you think)(do you think)about a cup of tea?about a cup of tea?(5)Why(5)Why(do you)(do you)not say hello to him?not say hello to him?简单句的省略简单句的省略3 3、在简单句中、在简单句中,在某些动词后在某些动词后(want,wish,(want,wish,hope,like,love,promise),hope,like,love,promise),可省略作宾语的不定式可省略作宾语的不定式短语
4、，只保留短语，只保留toto，(1)Are you going there?-Yes,Id like to(1)Are you going there?-Yes,Id like to(go there).(go there).(2)He didnt give me the chance,though he had(2)He didnt give me the chance,though he had promised to promised to(give me the chance).(give me the chance).(3)Are you an engineer?-No,but I
5、want(3)Are you an engineer?-No,but I want to to be(an engineer).be(an engineer).(4)He hasnt finished the task yet.(4)He hasnt finished the task yet.-Well,he ought -Well,he ought to haveto have.但如果该宾语是动词但如果该宾语是动词be或完成时态，则须在或完成时态，则须在之后加上之后加上be或或have:简单句的省略简单句的省略4 4、省略表语、省略表语 (1)Are you thirsty?-Yes,I
6、am(1)Are you thirsty?-Yes,I am(thirsty).(thirsty).(2)His brother isnt lazy,nor is his sister(2)His brother isnt lazy,nor is his sister(lazy).(lazy).5 5、同时省略几个成分、同时省略几个成分 (1)Lets meet at the same place as(we met)yesterday.(2)-Have you finished your work?-(I have)Not(finished my work)yet.并列句中的省略并列句中的省
7、略 两个并列句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句两个并列句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。中相同的部分。(1)My father is a doctor and my mother(1)My father is a doctor and my mother(is)(is)a nurse.a nurse.(2)I study at college and my sister(2)I study at college and my sister(studies)(studies)at high at high school.school.(3)When summer comes,the d
8、ay is getting longer(3)When summer comes,the day is getting longer and longer,and the night and longer,and the night(is getting)(is getting)shorter and shorter and shorter.shorter.主从复合句中的省略主从复合句中的省略1 1、主句中主谓被省略、主句中主谓被省略(1)(Im)Sorry to hear you are ill.(2)(Its a)Pity that he missed such a good chance
9、.2 2、用、用so,notso,not省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句义。省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句义。(1)Is he coming back tonight?-I think so.(2)She must be busy now?-If so,she cant go with us.(3)Is she feeling better today?-Im afraid not.(4)Do you think he will attend the meeting?-I guess not.这这种用法常种用法常见见的有：的有：think;hope;believe;suppose;be af
10、raid;if,even.How so?Why so?Is that so?I hope so.He said so.及及I suppose/believe/hope not.注意注意:表示意义否定时表示意义否定时,可用可用not 代替代替so,believe,suppose,think 等也可说等也可说 I dont believe()so.但但hope,be afraid,guess只可说只可说 I hope not;Im afraid not;I guess not.其它省略其它省略1、在、在while,when,if,as if,though,although,as,until,onc
11、e,whether,unless,where等连接的状语从句中，从句的主语与等连接的状语从句中，从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，可省去主句的主语一致时，可省去“主语主语+be”部分部分(1)When(he was)still a boy of 10,he had to work day and night.(2)She tried her best though(she was)rather poor in health.(3).Are you going to the party?-No,unless invited.(4).He opened his mouth as if(he were)
12、to speak.(5).The river is clean where(it is)deep.(6).If given another ten minutes,I could have finished passage D.=Another ten minutes and I-=Given another-当状语从句的主语和谓语部分是当状语从句的主语和谓语部分是it is/was时，时，it is/was可能可能省略。省略。You must eat it when(it is)fresh.If(it is)heated,water becomes steam.When(it is)nece
13、ssary you can help us to do something.Help him if(it is)possible.2.than,as,as if,as though 引导的比较状语从句和方式引导的比较状语从句和方式状语从句中状语从句中,和主句相同的一些成分常可省略和主句相同的一些成分常可省略.I have more confident in you than(I have)in him.其它省略其它省略3 3、不定式符号、不定式符号toto的省略的省略(1)(1)并列的不定式可省去后面的并列的不定式可省去后面的 to.to.I told him to sit down I to
14、ld him to sit down and and wait forwait for a moment.a moment.(2)help(2)help 当当“帮助帮助”讲时讲时，后面的，后面的宾语宾语或或宾补宾补的不定式符号的不定式符号toto可可带带可不可不带带.I will help I will help(to)(to)do it for you.do it for you.I will help you I will help you(to)(to)do it.do it.（3 3）介）介词词butbut前若有前若有动词动词do,do,后面的不定式不后面的不定式不带带 to.to.T
15、he boy did nothing The boy did nothing but playbut play.其它省略其它省略(4)某些某些使役动词（使役动词（let,make,have）及感官动词（）及感官动词（see,watch,hear,notice,observe,feel,look at,listen to等等）后）后面作宾语补足语的不定式一定要省去面作宾语补足语的不定式一定要省去 to,但在被动语态但在被动语态中须将中须将to 复原。复原。I saw the boy fall from the tree.The boy was seen to fall from the tree
16、.The boss made us work 12 hours a day.We were made to work 12 hours a day.(5)主主语语从句中有从句中有动词动词do,后面作表后面作表语语的不定式的的不定式的 to可可带带可可不不带带。All we can do now is(to)wait.其它省略其它省略4 4、连词、连词ifif在部分虚拟条件句中可省略，但语序有在部分虚拟条件句中可省略，但语序有变化。变化。(1)(1)Had they time,they would certainly come and help us.(2)Were I you,I would
17、do the work better.(3）Should there be a flood,what should we do?5 5、主句和从句各有一些成分省略。、主句和从句各有一些成分省略。The sooner(you do it),the better(it will be).6.6.连词连词thatthat的省略的省略(1)(1)宾语从句中省略宾语从句中省略that,that,但并列多个宾语从句中但并列多个宾语从句中只能省略第一个只能省略第一个that.that.The teacher said(that)the text was very important and that we
18、should learn it by heart.(2)在定语从句中关系代词在定语从句中关系代词that,which,whom作宾语时作宾语时可省略可省略.This is one of the best films(that)Ive ever seen.Exercises about Ellipsis.Exercises about Ellipsis.II.单项选择单项选择1.-I wont do it any more.-_?A.Why dont B.Why dont do it any more C.Why not D.Why not to2.Although _ to stop,he k
19、ept on working.A.tell B.telling C.having told D.told3.-Will you waste time and money on that?-Certainly_.A.I not B.dont C.not D.no7.Would you please check my composition and correct the mistakes _?A.if any B.if so C.if notD.if only8.Some people are against the plan but _ support it.A.any more B.many
20、 more C.much more D.no more9.-Ill be away for a business trip.Would you mind looking after my cat?-Not at all._.A.Ive no time B.Id rather not C.Id like to D.Id be happy to10.-Why not go and have a dinner in a restaurant?-_.Its too expensive.A.Why not B.I agree C.Im afraid notD.Im sure11._ I had time,I would have run round that lake again.A.IfB.UnlessC.HadD.When12.-What do you think made Mary so upset?-_ her bicycle.A.As she lost B.LostC.Because of losingD.Losing
