1、features of news headlinenews lead and summary sentencestructure and stylistic features of news reporting features of news headline News headlines are quite distinctive.They are as short as possible;they summarize the main contents of an article and are designed to catch the readers attention;they u
2、sually omit parts of the verb to be and definite and indefinite articles;they often include adjectives and use past participles etc.1 use of monosyllable nouns or verbs instead of longer or common words ban prohibit;prohibition barprevent;preventioncutreduce;reduction axecancel;cancellation;dismiss;
3、dismissal pushencourage;support boostpromote;promotionsparkcause;initiateurge strongly requestgrabseize;win seeklook for;try to obtainirkanger;annoy quizquestion;interrogateblowsetback;unexpected difficultyfacehave to undergo probeinvestigateslamcriticize rapreprimand TV Airs“Facts”on Arms Delivery
4、Man Claims Ghost Sighting Bombs Claim 40 Jewel Heist Foiled Fuel Strike Hits Hospitals Thailand,Malaysia Ink Sea Treaty Israel Softens Line Pit Talks End Swedish Poll Shows Swing to Right Post Office Profits Top 40M Jail Chief Sacked 14 Held for US Embassy Sacking Senate Trims Budget Peace Talks Thr
5、eatened Irish Top Ranks Vie for Office Factory Walkout Threat over Sacking Peace Drive Succeeds American Envoy Taken Hostage Reagan Weighs Tax Increase China Backs Peace Move PM Lauds Community Spirit 2 use of acronyms,abbreviations and contractions A.“EEC and Japan”(acro)European Economic Community
6、 B.“WB,IMF-Do They Help or Hurt Third World”-(acro)World Bank,International Monetary Fund C.“The Great Superpower WarKGB vs.CIA”(acro)Komitet Gosudarstvennoi Bezopasnosti,Central Intelligence Agency;(abbr)versus D.“Lib-Lab pact rallies,survives”(abbr)Liberal Party and Labor Party E.“EEC Warns Nuke A
7、rms Spread”(abbr)nuclear Splintered PLO Struggles to Stay Alive NATO:Who,What,Why?OPEC to Raise Production MITs Leader Shape Program No Hope for 118 Crew of Russian Sub University Entry Hard for Would-be Vets Put the Sci Back in Sci-fi3 use of punctuation marksuAlmost all punctuation marks can be em
8、ployed in news headlines such as comma,colon,question marks,dash,quotation marks and inverted comma,only with the exception of full stop.Bradley:“I quit”Tornado hits Jamaica6 dieUncle Sam,bar the doorAustralia,US seek more ways to promote tradeCold?Flu?H1N1?How can you tell the difference?4 use of n
9、oun modifiers A.poison gas fear haunts city B.Italy outraged as war crimes trial backfires C.3 held over college horror crash D.US-Soviet ties E.UN Arms Reduction Conference F.Channel Tunnel Halt G.Zoo Escape Dramanlong-term，low-interest loan;one-man government;one-country-two-system policy;see-whil
10、e-you-talk phone;be-kind-to-animal campaign etc5 omission of articles,demonstrative and possessive pronouns,auxiliary verbs,subordinators or coordinators etc A.(A)Fan Kills(His)Wife B.US punishes Iraq for(the)attack on Kurds C.(An)Italian Ex-Mayor(was)Murdered D.(The)Antitrust Action(has been)Urged
11、For Press E.Married Women(are)to Get Care Allowance F.(If You)Have Dollars,(They)Will Sell G.(Algerians Want)Ballots,Not Bullets H.(A)Woman Kills(Her)Hub and Self I.(when man is)Older,(he is)wiser,and calmer 6 use of simple present tense A.Consumption prices fall a sharp 1.1 B.Lebanon buries 90 vict
12、ims of Israeli attack C.Tutsi leaders make“deal”on eviction D.3 injured in bomb attack(past participle to denote past voice)E.Thames approaching danger level(present participle to denote continuous tense)F.Nato to press on with attack(infinitive to denote future tense)7 parodies of proverbs,mottos,m
13、asterpieces and allusions A.A Farewell to Arms B.A Tale of Two Hearts C.Liberty is the true mother of invention D.Not All Vodkas are Created Equal E.The Wheel of Misfortune F.All Work,Low Pay Make Nurses Go Away G Britannia Rues the Waves8 use of figures of speech A.Can he do a Deng?(alliteration)B.
14、Hog Hell(alliteration)C.Bye-bye,American Pie(rhyme)D.Thatcher Style War(partial tone)E.Tony Bliar and Iraq War(partial tone)F.African Statesman Still Sowing Seeds for Future(pun)G.Local Man Finds Picasso Drawing in Shed(ambiguity)H.10-Year-Old Suspended By Head(ambiguity)I.Pirates Invade Oscar J.Jap
15、anese dash to US to say“I do”(metaphor)K.Soccer kicks off with Violence(pun and rhyme)L.After the Boom Everything Is Gloom(rhyme)M.No Fans?“No fret！”(alliteration)N.Washington charged with l5 percent surtax on imports(metonymy)O.Clinton argues for Kremlins economic reform(metonymy)P.White House back
16、s the bill(metonymy)news lead news lead refers to the first or first several paragraphs of a news item which summarize the main content of the news,i.e.the five elements of news.lead sentence,lead paragraph and lead block.summary,narrative,contrast and comparison,staccato,direct address,and quotatio
17、n news leadssummary sentence summary sentence a.No part of Mexican society has fully come to terms with what happened in October 1968.(about the event that the Mexican police suppressed youth students movement in 1968)b.Malaysia resorts to mass slaughter in a struggle to contain an outbreak of a dea
18、dly virus that is plaguing its pigs,worrying its people and threatening its tourism and export industries.structure of news reporting n“Inverted Pyramid”which means that the news facts and details are arranged in descending order of importance.n“Pyramid Structure”which means facts are narrated in ch
19、ronological order.This evening at about 9:30 p.m.at Fords Theatre,the President,while sitting in his private box with Mrs.Lincoln,Mrs.Harris and Major Rathburn,was shot by an assassin,who suddenly entered the box and approached behind the President.The assassin then leaped upon the stage,brandishing
20、 a large dagger or knife,and made his escape in the rear of the theatre.The pistol ball entered the back of the Presidents head and penetrated nearly through the head.The wound is mortal.The President has been insensible ever since it was inflicted,and is now dying.About the same hour an assassin,wh
21、ether the same or not,entered Mr.Sewards apartment and under pretense of having a prescription was shown to the Secretarys sick chamber.The assassin immediately rushed to the bed and inflicted two or three stabs on the chest and two on the face.It is hoped the wounds may not be mortal.My apprehensio
22、n is that they will prove fatal.The nurse alarmed Mr.Frederick Seward,who was in an adjoining room,and he hastened to the door of his fathers room,when he met the assassin,who inflicted upon him one or more dangerous wounds.The recovery of Frederick Seward is doubtful.It is not probable(opinion)that
23、 the President will live through the night.General Grant and his wife were advertised to be at the theatre.-New York Herald,April 15,1865Man kills familyThe bodies,all shot,were found after a hysterical Lennon made a telephone call to a family friend,saying all his family members were dead.Lennon,wh
24、o pleaded“not guilty”,sobbed loudly when the verdict was read in court yesterday and collapsed as he was being led to his cellA New Zealand man was convicted yesterday of the murder of his elderly parents,sister and two brothers in a case which has dominated national newspapers and shocked readers f
25、or months.A High Court jury found 37 years old Martin Lennon guilty of the five murders at the Lennons family home last May.stylistic features of news reporting the structure is very loose and paragraphs are not closely connected with each other.passive voices and quotations are often used “It is re
26、ported/said/alleged that”,“according to”,“told by”,“sources said that”,“A source who asked not to be identified disclosed”,“Foreign radios announced”etc.Example one Chinese Ambassador on Sino-U.S.Tie The new Chinese ambassador to the United states has urged Americans to consider the British agreemen
27、t to return Hong Kong to China as an example for Taiwan，warning that U.S.-Taiwan ties could lead to serious friction with Beijing.In an interview with a news agency,Han Xu,the third Chinese ambassador to U.S.since China-U.S.ties were restored in l979,noted other problems in relations,including the d
28、eadlock over nuclear cooperation caused largely by Beijings refusal to accept U.S.controls.He also mentioned points of discord on trade.But he emphasized the Taiwan question,which he called a crucial issue.Mr.Han warned that the United States must carry out its pledge to stop supplying weapons to Ta
29、iwan，and voiced regret at the slowness with which the sales were being reduced.Mr.Han noted that this year,the United States was selling 760 million dollars worth of arms to Taiwan,a cut of 20 million dollars per year.By this speed,he continued,it would take 38 years more.I have no chance to see the
30、 solution in my life.The speed is too slow.We expected it not to be so slow.Mr.Han also denounced the use of a nominally unofficial body,the coordination council for North America,to retain U.S.-Taiwan ties.The U.S.granting of diplomatic privileges to Taiwanese members of this body,he added,constitu
31、ted a violation of Chinese sovereignty.Other words:acknowledge,admit,allege,analyze,announce,argue,assert,refute,remark,reaffirm,reiterate,pledge,observe,object,deny,disclose,contend Example Two WASHINGTON,JULY 8（UPl）-CNN hopes to feature Asia more prominently in its news programs in order to share
32、in Japans estimated 50 billion in advertising revenue this year,according to NEWSWEEK Example Three BEIJING,AUG.19（Reuter via Xinhua）The presidents visit has turned a new page in relations between the two countries，mass media here say.in order to save space and convey as much information as possible
33、 some sentences are lengthened by additional parts such as attributive clauses,participle phrases,prepositional phrases and noun modifiers etc.buzzwordspolitical news:“president,congress,senator,representative,scandal,vote,bill,veto,secretary,constituency,precinct,resolution,”.sports news:“rebound,s
34、hot,foul,open,assist,premier,”.financial news:“currency,share,stock,acquire,merge,policy”.“Political Zoo”elephant,donkey,hawk,dove,paper tiger,dark horse,fat cat,lame duck,Lion(Britain),Bear(Russia).to coin new wordsstagflation(stagnation and inflation),smog(smoke and fog),Motel(motor and hotel),bru
35、nch(breakfast and lunch),Watergate,Iran-gate,file-gate,whitewater-gate,Korea-gate,debate-gate,Iraq-gate,prison-abuse-gate,Monicagate,sit-in,sleep-in(in motel lobbies),play-in(in parks),read-in(in public libraries),watch-in(in movie theaters),bet-in(in bingo halls),sweat-in(in Turkish baths),swim-in(
36、on restricted beaches),budgetspeak,Bush-speak,Rumsfeld-speak,.“Reports that say that something hasnt happened are always interesting to me,because as we know,there are known knowns;there are things we know we know.We also know there are known unknowns;that is to say we know there are some things we
37、do not know.But there are also unknown unknowns the ones we dont know we dont know.”To borrow words from other languages wushu,coolie,kungfu from Chinese;culture from German Kultur;pizza from Italian;tsunami,judo,karate,sumo from Japanese;per capita from Latin;regime from French;apartheid from Dutch
38、 understatements and euphemismsthe culturally disadvantaged(black pupils),selected out(fired),lay-off(dismissal),economically disadvantaged/needy/unprivileged(poor people),call girl(comfort woman/prostitute),strategic withdrawal(terrible military defeat),protective reaction(attack),white house confe
39、rence on the aging(elderly/sunset/senior citizen),compact car(small car),subcompact car(a very small car),sanitation engineer/environment engineer(trash collector),landscape architect(gardener),domestic engineer(servant),friendly fire to disarm Iraq/to preempt(attack Iraq)nicknames or pet namesBean
40、town(Boston;City on a Hill;Athens of America;Puritan City;Cradle of Liberty;Walking City;Titletown);Big Apple/Fun City(New York City);City of Angels(Los Angeles);City of Brotherly Love(Philadelphia);City by the Golden Gate(San Francisco);Dice City(Las Vegas);Porkopolis(Cincinnati)Foggy Bottom(Americ
41、an State Department);Golden State(California);Homeland of Lincoln(Illinois State);Mother of Presidents(Virginia State);Motor CityMotown(Detroit);Steel City(Pittsburg);Windy City(Chicago City);Scotland Yard(London Police Office);Downing Street No.10 Activity one features of news headlines 1.are no lo
42、nger than four words 2.usually omit parts of the verb to be(is,are,was,were)3.summarize the main contents of an article 4.usually omit prepositions 5.never include adjectives 6.are as short as possible 7.usually omit definite and indefinite articles 8.never include the third person singular s of the present simple 9.often use past participlesn10.are designed to catch the readers attention
