1、阅读理解专题之阅读理解专题之 “七选五七选五”解题步骤与技巧解题步骤与技巧命题特点：1.题型归纳题型归纳:完形填空填的是词词，七选五填的是句子，句子，但考察重点相似。2.选材特点选材特点：短文一般为300词左右的说明文或议论文，其中正文词数240左右，选项词数60左右。短文篇章结构常可归纳为：提出问题解决问题，一般不在首句设空。3.主旨句主旨句（标题类，主题句类）（标题类，主题句类）设空类型设空类型 过渡性句子过渡性句子（文章结构）（文章结构）细节注释性句子细节注释性句子（上下文逻辑（上下文逻辑 意义）意义）一 考纲解读：主要考察学生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。（考试
2、说明）二 命题规律及考察趋势：年份体裁字数考点分布主题句过渡句细节2014说明文2411132015议论文3152122016说明文298212解题步骤（在高考的现场如果考生用大量的时间来彻底读懂文章的意思其实是不现实的，也是没有必要的，我们可以尝试以下四步走。)1.先读先读_ ，明确文章的基本，明确文章的基本话题话题,然后仔细阅读五个空各自的然后仔细阅读五个空各自的_句，寻找并画出句，寻找并画出 _（一名（一名()袋袋（）鼠（）鼠（）很特殊）很特殊（_），连（），连（）蹦（）蹦（）带跳很彪（带跳很彪（_）悍。）悍。）文章的开始部分文章的开始部分前后前后关键词关键词名词名词代词代词数词数词特殊
3、疑问词特殊疑问词连词连词动词动词标点标点/标题标题2能娴熟地利用各种衔接手段。衔接能娴熟地利用各种衔接手段。衔接手段分为三种：手段分为三种：词汇衔接、逻辑衔接、词汇衔接、逻辑衔接、结构衔接。结构衔接。可按下列原则判断原文的可按下列原则判断原文的空与选项是否匹配。空与选项是否匹配。3.一旦确定一个选项，就要在该选项一旦确定一个选项，就要在该选项上做出标记（例如可以删掉），以避上做出标记（例如可以删掉），以避免干扰和分散注意力。免干扰和分散注意力。4.将将_代入到文章中重读，依据行代入到文章中重读，依据行文逻辑，再次确定选项。文逻辑，再次确定选项。选项选项细节类题型解题技巧细节类题型解题技巧 (词
4、汇的衔接或逻辑的衔接词汇的衔接或逻辑的衔接)1.词汇的衔接包括：词汇的衔接包括：1)词汇复现词汇复现复现，是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用复现，是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即作者在文章上下文的一种写作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对不同的位置对同一个概念同一个概念进行进行重复重复描述。描述。复现关系，主要是指复现关系，主要是指、同义词、同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现复现、近义词复现、反义词复现等。等。Ex2The scientists say that the human life has changed greatlyOur bodies have not been ab
5、le to deal with these changes in lifestyle and this had led to new kinds of sicknesses 72 72 So they are called diseases of civilizationMany cancers and diseases of the blood system are examples of such diseases.AStone Age people lived a simple life.BBut today,we enjoy eating a lot of these.CIn that
6、 case,they would live much healthier.DAncient people also got lots of physical exercise.EThese new sicknesses were not known in ancient times.F People today probably dont want to live like our ancestors.GModern people used to suffer from diseases of civilization.sicknessessicknessesE同词复现Ex4On the ot
7、her hand,the advantages of going overseas may include day-to-day opportunities to learn a new culture,meet new friends with whom you can use and practice the language,and chances to see different parts of the world._Those disadvantages include expense,time away from ones school,family,A.The followin
8、g are its advantages.B.However,there may be a number of disadvantages.C.Consider a distance education.D.Most of us are adapted to studying at school.However?反义词复现2)同范畴词出现同范畴词出现同范畴词是指是指跟此词汇相关或同一领域的跟此词汇相关或同一领域的词汇词汇在文章中共同出现，达到语义衔接的目在文章中共同出现，达到语义衔接的目的。你可以的。你可以在选项中找到与此词汇最接近的在选项中找到与此词汇最接近的词，词，从而达到快而准。一般来说
9、，上下文中从而达到快而准。一般来说，上下文中词汇联系越接近，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。词汇联系越接近，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。Ex3 Everybody gets stressed time to time.Try taking these four steps the next time you are stressed:(1)Get support.When you need help,reach out to the people who care about you.Talk to a trusted adult,such as a parent or other relatives.7
10、2 They might have had similar problems such as dealing with a test,or the death of a beloved pet.A.Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation.C.Different people feel stress in different ways E.You need to figure out what the problem is.F.And dont forget about your friends.可以相信的人可以
11、相信的人=父母父母+亲戚亲戚+朋友（同范畴）朋友（同范畴）F3)代词线索代词线索英语表达中代词出现的频率极英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。数差异可以准确而快速地解题。it it可指代单数名词或整个句子；可指代单数名词或整个句子；theythey或或themthem指代复数名词；指代复数名词；oneone指代单数可数名指代单数可数名词；词；thatthat指代不可数名词或句子；指代不可数名词或句子
12、；thisthis指代指代单数名词或句子单数名词或句子;these;these 或或thosethose指代前句指代前句的复数名词。的复数名词。Ex5 73 They say the first step is to admit that you are angry and to recognize the real cause of the anger,B.He said that laughter is much healthier than anger.A.Doctors say the solution is learning how to deal with anger.C.Ange
13、r is a normal emotion that we all feel from time to time.TheyAEx6 72 72 .Their anger might be so strong that they lose control of their temper.They may act in ways unacceptable and hurtful.People may say that someone has trouble controlling their temper._7373_E.In fact,they usually mean that a kid b
14、ehaves badly when feeling angry.G.Some kids get angry more often or more easily than some other kids.GE 过渡性句子可以从细节逻辑上判断可分为：过渡性句子可以从细节逻辑上判断可分为：A,并列关系：First(ly),Second(ly),.；First,then/next,.；In the first place，in the second place.;for one thing,for another thing,.；then/next,finally/last 等。B,递进关系：too,
15、also,besides,further,furthermore,moreover,whats more,in addition,as well,to make matters worse,not.but.,not only.but also等。C,解释例证关系：for example,for instance,in fact/as a matter of fact,actually,in other words/that is to say 等D,因果关系：so/therefore,thus,consequently(结果）,as a result(of),so/such.that.,so
16、that.等E,转折对比关系：转折对比关系：but,however,yet,while/though,or/otherwise,on the contrary,instead,nevertheless（然而）,still,yet,on the contrary,in contrast/comparison 等F,概况归纳关系概况归纳关系：in short,in brief,in summary,generally speaking,in general,to conclude,in conclusion,in a word,on the whole,to sum up 等。2.逻辑关系的衔接逻
17、辑关系的衔接B.There are three practical note-taking methods.A.You must write your notes on separate paper.C.First,the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you to understand and remember it._.Second,your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test.CEx7篇章结构
18、类题解题技巧篇章结构类题解题技巧根据试题所在位置确定不同的解题策略根据试题所在位置确定不同的解题策略 1)如果如果问题在段首问题在段首 通常是段落主题句通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。推断出主题句。关注每段首尾句，了解大意知主关注每段首尾句，了解大意知主题。题。2)如果问题在段尾如果问题在段尾 通常是通常是结论、概括性语句结论、概括性语句。注意在。注意在选项中查找选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如，如therefore,as a
19、result,thus,hence,in short,to sum up,to conclude,in a word等词语等词语，选项中也可发选项中也可发现前文的同义词句现前文的同义词句。Ex8 1.（2010新课标全国卷）新课标全国卷）73_When a person is asking a question,show interest and a desire to understand the question by listening and asking for clarification.A.Show your true interest.B.Restate the questio
20、n with respect.C.Some ideas can be quite concrete.Ex92.(2011辽宁卷）辽宁卷）Go for a walk.Mildly raised glucose(葡萄糖)levels can harm the area of the brain that helps you form memories and physical are blood glucose down to normal levels.In fact,exercise produces chemicals that are good for your brain._ 74_A.
21、This can be especially harmful to the aged.B.So take a few minutes each day to do some reading.C.In other words,when you take care of your body,you take care of your brain.ACSummarize methods 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Key words 1 2 3 4 5 6 Foretelling（预测）（预测）Connection（联系）（联系）Key wordsForetellin
22、gConnectionKFC备考战略：注重实效。阅读时不仅要注意文章的细节，更应该注意文章的布局。注意命题陷阱。切忌当同样的词，同样的名字或同样的日期都在语文或节选段落中出现，就认为它们是正确的选项，一定要符合逻辑，确保文章内容严谨。注重速度。进行限时训练，培养实战观念，不可拖沓。将近几年高考题进行分析，重点分析结构清晰分明的说明文和议论文。三、总结：三、总结：主旨大意把握好，读懂选项更重要主旨大意把握好，读懂选项更重要 关键信息相匹配，核查排除不可少关键信息相匹配，核查排除不可少经验一经验一：前瞻后顾，寻找：前瞻后顾，寻找信号词信号词，回到选择项中筛选。复现，回到选择项中筛选。复现经验二经验
23、二：浓缩句意，意义匹配，整体把握。同意：浓缩句意，意义匹配，整体把握。同意经验三经验三：以段落为单位梳理文章脉络：以段落为单位梳理文章脉络,留意文章的起承转合留意文章的起承转合,逻辑及结构逻辑及结构 经验分享经验分享经验四经验四：7选选5句子选择题正确选择项排列有一条不成文规律：句子选择题正确选择项排列有一条不成文规律：选择项呈选择项呈锯齿锯齿顺序排列，顺序排列，按照人们习惯，看了按照人们习惯，看了A就接着看就接着看B，接着看，接着看C，依此到，依此到G，而我们一般做题的正确答案都是而我们一般做题的正确答案都是“参差不齐，错落有致参差不齐，错落有致”的的,看了看了D之后不看之后不看E却看却看A，看，看E，看了，看了E之后不看之后不看 F而看而看C。这可能是出题者为了干扰我们常规思维而设置的障碍，这可能是出题者为了干扰我们常规思维而设置的障碍，因此如果考试时间允许，因此如果考试时间允许，我们可以拿这个来初步检验我们最后的答案是否我们可以拿这个来初步检验我们最后的答案是否正确正确。
