1、练真句练真句明考向明考向巩固扎实巩固扎实真 题 单 句 演 练NO.2练真句练真句明考向明考向巩固扎实巩固扎实真 题 单 句 演 练NO.2NO.24.(2020年全国1卷）China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot_ it could send signals to spacecraft and to earththatwherewhowhere复合句:主句+从句 名词性从句 定语从句 状语从句1.The boy who is standing over there is Tom2.Because
2、it is raining,we have to stay at home 定语从句 状语从句3.I know(that)he is from America(宾语从句）名词性从句-Noun Clauses(名词性从句)Subject Clause (主语从句)Appositive Clause（同位语从句）Object Clause（宾语从句）Predicative Clause（表语从句）Who will win the match is still unknown.I want to know what he has told you.The fact is that we have l
3、ost the game.The news that we won the game is exciting.主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句 名词性从句名词性从句的作用相当于名词，因此主语从的作用相当于名词，因此主语从句、表语从句句、表语从句 、宾语从句和同位语从句分别作、宾语从句和同位语从句分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。同位语从句同位语从句名词性从句考点归纳 名词性从句的引导词(1)从属连词从属连词(2)连接代词连接代词(3)连接副词连接副词.Discovering useful structures:请将每句中的名词性从句标上下划线
4、，并标出连接词、体会从句所做的成分、语序、时态。1.That fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.2.It has been proved that eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life.3.What matters most in learning English is enough practice
5、.4.To improve the quality of our products,we asked for suggestions whoever had used the products.5.Tomorrow is Toms birthday.Have you got any idea where the party is to be held?6.We dont know whose keys those are.7.Im afraid hes more of a talker than a doer,which is why he never finishes anything.8.
6、He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.9.When do you think he will come?10.It doesnt matter whether you turn right or left at the crossingboth roads lead to the park.11.The teacher asked if/whether we had finished the experiment.12.Scientists study how human brains work to make comput
7、ers.自我归纳：（Summing-up）1.名词性从句是指：在复合句中起_作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括_、_、_和_，可分别作主句的主语、宾语、表语和同位语。名词性从句是英语三大从句之一，即：形容词性从句（即_）,副词性从句（即_）,和名词性从句。2.引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类 连接词：that,whether,if（在从句中不充当成分）连接代词：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which,whichever.(在从句中作主语、表语、宾语、定语)名词主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句定语从句状语从句 连接副词：when,where,how,
8、why（在从句中作状语，有时亦可作表语）3.名词性从句在从句中为 _语序。特殊疑问词+do you think/suppose/believe/expect+_语序。如句(9)。陈述陈述.Summarizing Key Points:一、主语从句 在句中作主语的从句叫主语从句。1、that,whether 引导 _he is still alive is a wonder._suddenly occurred to him _ he had left his key in the office.Its no longer a question now _ man can land on the
9、 moon.It was said _ only three people in the world could understand Einsteins theory at that time.The earth became so violent that it was not clear_ the shape would last or not.2、连接代词引导 _ broke the glass yesterday is not clear._ comes is welcome._of you comes in first will receive a prize._ it was t
10、o become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.3、连接副词引导 _ we arrive doesnt matter._ the dinosaurs disappeared suddenly still remains a puzzle.WhenWhy二、宾语从句 在句中充当宾语的句子叫做宾语从句。1.由连接词that,if,whether引导的宾语从句 I think(_)women can reach very high a
11、chievements in many fields of science.So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on _this problem can be solved.He suggested(_)we(should)set off as early as possible.I think it necessary _ we drink enough water every day.He told me(_)he had two sons and that
12、 they both had gone to college.thatwhetherthatthatthat2.由连接代词引导的宾语从句 A modern city has been set up in _ was a wasteland ten years ago.Sarah hopes to become a friend of _ shares her interests.Ill just say _ comes into my mind.Eat _ cake you like and leave the others for _ comes in late.There are so m
13、any good magazines that I dont know _ I should choose.We dont know _will take his place.whatwhoeverwhateverwhicheverwhichwhowhoever3.由连接副词引导的宾语从句 No one knows _ the earth began,as it happened so long ago.Could you tell me _you were late for the meeting this morning?I hate it _ people talk with their
14、 mouth full of food.三、表语从句 在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。1、that,whether,because,as if/though引导 It seems _ there are people from all over the world living here.The question is _ it is worth doing.It looked _ it was going to snow.This is probably _they are often very confident.The reason _ he came late was that he g
15、ot up late.2、连接代词引导 The problem is _ will take charge of this shop.He is not _ he used to be a few years ago.My suggestion is _ you(should)read as much English as possible.3、连接副词引导 That is _ I realized the importance of English.Why not try your luck downtown,Bob?Thats _ the best jobs are.四、同位语从句 同位语
16、从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。可用于同位语从句的名词有fact、idea、news、word（消息）、information、truth、doubt、wish、hope、promise、message、advice、suggestion、request、demand、order、problem、question、evidence、proof、sign等。例如：1.由连接词that,whether引导的同位语从句 The thought _ they could cross the whole continent was exciting.Do you have any idea _ he i
17、s coming or not?There are signs _ more people will learn English.2.由连接代词引导的同位语从句 I have no idea _ hes talking about.The question _ should do the job requires consideration.3.由连接副词引导的同位语从句 We havent yet settled the question _ we are going to spend the holiday.I have no idea _ he did it.一、that从属连词that
18、本身无意义，在名词性从句中不作句子成分，只起连接作用。1、宾语从句Lin Tao feels(_)his own team is even better.Everyone knew what happened and _ she was worried.The reason lies in _ she works harder than the others do.I think it necessary _ you should read English aloud.规则一：1.1.当宾语从句由连词that引导，that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略
19、。2.宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略：（1）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个that不能省；（2）当that从句作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。（3）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句,that不可省掉。温馨提示：在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry,sure,afraid,glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句。vIm sorry(_)I dont know.vWere sure(_)our team will win.vIm afraid(_)he wont pass the exam.1._ is certain.（我们将
20、迟到了）2._ is a pity.(你错过了这次机会)3.My dream is _(我将来有我自己的公司)4.Ive come from Mr Wang with a message _(他今天下午不能来看你了)That we shall be lateThat you missed the chancethat I will have my own companythat he wont be able to see you this afternoon主语从句主语从句主语从句主语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句规则二：当主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句由连词that引导时，tha
21、t在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，但是不可以省略。1.I asked her _ she had a bike.2.Were worried about _ he is safe.3.I dont know _ he is well or not.4.I dont know _ or not he is well.5.I dont know _ to go.6._ the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.if/whetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhether二、whether/if7
22、._ he is free now is certain.8.The problem is _ we can get there on time.9.He must answer the question _ he agrees to it or not.Whetherwhetherwhether规则：1.宾语从句由连词whether或if引导，表 “是否”，常可互换，不能省略。2.if/whether的区别：1)当有or not时就用whether,不用if.2)介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.3)whether 可与动词不定式连用，if 不能。4)主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中,只能用wh
23、ether,不能用if.三、what1._ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.2.He is no longer _ he was.3.A modern city has been set up in _was a wasteland ten years ago.4.After _ seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.5.Our income is now double _ it was ten years ago.6.Do you know _ he said
24、 just now?Whatwhatwhatwhatwhatwhat规则：what引导名词性从句，除了表示“什么”，还可以表示：表示“的东西或事情”；“的人或的样子”（身份或地位）的地方的时间的数量或数目2.任何最后离开房间的人应该把灯关掉。_ought to turn off the light.3.他的问题是哪个学生英语最好。His question is _ at English4.哪个最喜欢就拿哪个。Take _whoWhoever leaves the room lastwhich student is the bestwhichever you like That was _ we
25、 overcame the difficulties 7.I have no idea _ he has gone.8.这就是我不同意的地方.This is _ I disagree.9.这就是她为什么今天早上起得这么早的原因.This is _ she got up so early this morning.10._ he didnt come is still unknown to us.11._is under discussion我们什么时候开始开会howhowwherewherewhyWhyWhen well begin the meeting规则：Wh-引导表语从句时，它们通常不
26、含有疑问意义，而是分别体现具体的地点、时间、原因和方式。名词性从句的语序His brother asks _ the library.他什么时候去图书馆I dont know what is the matter the troublewrong with him.名词性从句中，除了连接词要提到句首之外，一律要用陈述句语序。when he will go to2.Our physics teacher once told us that light _（travel）faster than sound.travels总结归纳：c.c.主句的动词用一般现在时，从句谓语可根据需要选用各种时态1.H
27、e said that he （will)go to the station.3.Tom says that Mary _(go)abroad last year and _(be)there for nearly 5 months.a.a.主句的动词用过去时，从句谓语动词用过去的某种时态b.b.主句的动词用过去时，从句表示客观事实，格言，谚语等 ，从句谓语动词用一般现在时wenthas been名词性从句的时态would1.When the meeting will begin _(have)not been decided yet.单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词单个的主语从句作主语时，谓
28、语动词一般一般用用_形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词则用从句作主语，谓语动词则用_形式。由形式。由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用动词用_形式。形式。总结归纳：单数复数has2.When they will start and where they will go_(be)still unknown.3.When and where the meeting will begin _(have)not been decided yet.arehas单数名词性从句的主谓一致名词性从句(主)的虚拟语
29、气1.It is ordered that he _(take)the examination.2.It is strange that he _(tell)you this.should taketell基本句型：It is+形容词、名词、过去分词+that.+(should)do a.It is important(necessary,natural,strange,advisable etc)+that b.It is a pity(a shame,no wonder etc)+that c.It is suggested(ordered,proposed,required,demand
30、ed,requested,insisted etc)+that1.We suggested that the meeting _(put off)总结归纳：表示建议、要求、命令,坚持等动词suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insist request、command、order后的从句谓语动词用 _注意suggest 当表示“暗示、表明“讲时，insist 表示“坚持认为”之意时，从句按需要来选择时态(should)+do/be done2.The smile on his face suggested that he _(was/be/is)sati
31、sfied with our work.was名词性从句（宾）的虚拟语气be put offa.I wish I _(know)the answer now.b.I wish he _(pass)the exam yesterday.c.I wish I _(fly)to the moon in a few years.对现在虚拟时，that从句中谓语用过去时对过去虚拟时，用had过去分词对将来虚拟时，用would(might等)动词原形knewhad passedwould fly总结归纳：名词性从句（宾）的虚拟语气 在 suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order
32、,advice 等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即_1.His suggestion that you _(try)once more sounds reasonable.2.The order given by the commander was that they _(not stop)until the commander allowed they to.总结归纳：(should)+do/be done名词性从句（表、同）的虚拟语气(should)try(should)not stop名词性从句中it做形式宾语、形式主语找出下列句子中的错误1.I think that w
33、orthwhile that we spent so much money on these books.2.That is hard to decide when and where we will hold our sports meeting.that we spent so much moneyon these books.it形式宾语when and where we will hold oursports meeting.It形式主语总结归纳：当主语从句较长，而谓语较短时，常常将从句_，而用it作为形式主语置于句首。it 也可作形式宾语。后置后置(1)It is 名词 从句 It
34、is a fact that 事实是 It is an honor that 非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that 是常识(2)It is 形容词 从句 It is natural that 很自然 It is strange that 奇怪的是(3)It 不及物动词 从句 It seems that 似乎 It happened that 碰巧 It appears that 似乎(4)It be+过去分词 从句 It is reported that 据报道 It has been proved that 已证实 It is said that 据说 We th
35、ink it important that we learn a foreign language.We consider it our duty to clean our classroom every day.该句型中的该句型中的it 作形式宾语。为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为：作形式宾语。为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为：指主句中常用的动词：指主句中常用的动词：think,believe,make,find,consider,feel；1 指的是形式宾语指的是形式宾语it；2 指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词；3 指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词
36、指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或短语或that 引导的宾语从句。引导的宾语从句。同位语从句和定语从句的区别1.We expressed the hope that they had expected.2.We expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.定语从句定语从句同位语从句同位语从句3.The question who helped us out of difficulty remains to be answered.4.The question which seems so strange
37、 remains to be answered.同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句1、同位语从句:说明名词的内容,wh-表示疑问,that不做成分,不能省略2、定语从句:说明名词的性质特征,wh-不表示疑问。引导词做句子成分,做宾语可以省略 判断:定语从句or同位语从句1.The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday.2.The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups.3.The news that he will leave for Shanghai is true.4.The news that we got last week is true.5.The question that we discussed yesterday is a difficult one.(定语从句)(同位语从句)(同位语从句)(定语从句)(定语从句)
