1、语法互动语法互动(十十)非谓语动词非谓语动词语法互动语法互动(十十)非谓语动词非谓语动词1.动词不定式的用法。动词不定式的用法。2.动名词的用法。动名词的用法。3.现在分词或过去分词的用法。现在分词或过去分词的用法。中考考点中考考点 不定式有两种,即带不定式有两种,即带to的不定式的不定式(to动词原形动词原形)和不带和不带to的不定式。注意:它没有人称和数的变化。的不定式。注意:它没有人称和数的变化。1作主语作主语常用常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语作形式主语,而将真正的主语(动词不动词不定式定式)置于句末。置于句末。常用句型结构为常用句型结构为“Itsadj./n.(for/of sb.
2、)to do sth.”。To ask the teacher for help is necessary.It is necessary to ask the teacher for help.向老师寻求帮助是必要的。向老师寻求帮助是必要的。考点一考点一 动词不定式动词不定式 语法互动语法互动(十十)非谓语动词非谓语动词 2作宾语作宾语 (1)后接不定式作宾语的动词有后接不定式作宾语的动词有 want,try,decide,hope,need,wish,agree,expect,refuse,learn,remember,forget,would like/love等。等。I hope _
3、there before dark.我希望天黑以前到那儿。我希望天黑以前到那儿。(2)在在think,find,make等动词后通常用等动词后通常用it作形式宾语,作形式宾语,而将不定式移至形容词之后,构成而将不定式移至形容词之后,构成“主语谓语主语谓语it(形式形式宾语宾语)宾补宾补(形容词形容词/名词名词)不定式不定式”结构。结构。I found it difficult to solve the problem.我发现解决这个问题很难。我发现解决这个问题很难。to get 语法互动语法互动(十十)非谓语动词非谓语动词 3作宾语补足语作宾语补足语 (1)后面能接带后面能接带to的不定式作宾
4、补的动词有的不定式作宾补的动词有 tell,ask,allow,want,help,wish,teach,warn,invite,would like,encourage等。等。The teacher told us _ Exercise 1.老师告诉我们做练习一。老师告诉我们做练习一。(2)使役动词使役动词let,make,have和感官动词和感官动词see,hear,watch,notice,feel等后要用不带等后要用不带to的动词不定式作宾补。但是,当的动词不定式作宾补。但是,当上述动词变为被动语态时,其后的不定式必须补上上述动词变为被动语态时,其后的不定式必须补上to。We ofte
5、n hear her sing.我们经常听见她唱歌。我们经常听见她唱歌。被动语态:被动语态:She is often heard to sing.to do 语法互动语法互动(十十)非谓语动词非谓语动词 4作状语作状语 常见的状语有目的状语、原因状语、结果状语等。常见的状语有目的状语、原因状语、结果状语等。Mr.Lee will go to Hangzhou to visit the West Lake.李先李先生将会去杭州参观西湖。生将会去杭州参观西湖。(作目的状语作目的状语)5作定语作定语 动词不定式作定语时,放在被修饰的名词的后面,作后动词不定式作定语时,放在被修饰的名词的后面,作后置定
6、语。置定语。若不定式结构中的动词是不及物动词,且与所修饰的若不定式结构中的动词是不及物动词,且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系,则不定式后面要加上适当的介词。词之间有动宾关系,则不定式后面要加上适当的介词。I dont have a partner to practice English with.我没有一个一起练习英语的同伴。我没有一个一起练习英语的同伴。I had to find a place to live in.我不得不找一个住的地方。我不得不找一个住的地方。语法互动语法互动(十十)非谓语动词非谓语动词 6作表语作表语 Their duty is _ the animals.他们的职责是照
7、看动物。他们的职责是照看动物。7.“疑问词不定式疑问词不定式”结构结构 动词不定式可以和动词不定式可以和what,which,when,where,how等疑问等疑问词连用,构成不定式短语,在句中作主语、宾语、表语、宾词连用,构成不定式短语,在句中作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等。语补足语等。He doesnt know _.他不知道要穿什么。他不知道要穿什么。(作宾语作宾语)提醒提醒 动词不定式的否定结构为动词不定式的否定结构为“not to do sth.”。to look after/take care of what to wear 语法互动语法互动(十十)非谓语动词非谓语动词 动名词
8、由动名词由“动词原形动词原形ing”构成,其与现在分词同形。构成,其与现在分词同形。动名词既有动词的性质,也有名词的性质。动名词既有动词的性质,也有名词的性质。1作主语作主语 Playing computer games too much is bad for your eyes.过过度地玩电脑游戏对你的眼睛有害。度地玩电脑游戏对你的眼睛有害。动名词作主语和动词不定式作主语,在很多情况下可以动名词作主语和动词不定式作主语,在很多情况下可以通用。通用。考点二考点二 动名词动名词语法互动语法互动(十十)非谓语动词非谓语动词 2作宾语作宾语 常接动名词作宾语的动词或短语有常接动名词作宾语的动词或短语
9、有 enjoy,finish,consider(考虑考虑),miss,keep,mind,practice,suggest,be busy,feel like,give up,cant help,avoid,be used to,be worth,be afraid of,be proud of,be interested in,cant stop,keep/stopfrom,look forward to,put off,have fun等。等。Have you finished _ the book?你读完这本书了吗?你读完这本书了吗?reading 语法互动语法互动(十十)非谓语动词非谓
10、语动词3作表语作表语The nurses job is _ the patients.护士的工作是照顾病人。护士的工作是照顾病人。4作定语作定语I often go to the _ 我经常去阅览室。我经常去阅览室。looking after/taking care of reading room 语法互动语法互动(十十)非谓语动词非谓语动词 提醒提醒 有些词后既可接不定式又可接有些词后既可接不定式又可接v.ing形式作宾语,形式作宾语,但表达的意义不同。常见短语:但表达的意义不同。常见短语:(1)stop to do sth.停下来去做另外一件事停下来去做另外一件事(不定式作目不定式作目的状
11、语的状语)stop doing sth.停止做某事停止做某事(v.ing作宾语作宾语)(2)try to do sth.试图试图(企图企图)做某事;尽力做某事做某事;尽力做某事 try doing sth.尝试着做某事尝试着做某事 (3)forget to do sth.忘记要去做某事忘记要去做某事(还没做还没做)forget doing sth.忘记做过了某事忘记做过了某事(已做已做)语法互动语法互动(十十)非谓语动词非谓语动词 (4)remember to do sth.记着要去做某事记着要去做某事(还没做还没做)remember doing sth.记得做过了某事记得做过了某事(已做已做
12、)(5)go on to do sth.做完一件事后继续做另外一件不做完一件事后继续做另外一件不同的事同的事 go on doing sth.继续做原来所做的事继续做原来所做的事 (6)sth.need doing(某事某事)需要做需要做(被动含义被动含义)need to do sth.需要去做某事需要去做某事(主动含义主动含义)(7)regret to do sth.对要做的事感到遗憾对要做的事感到遗憾(未做未做)regret doing sth.对做过的事感到遗憾、后悔对做过的事感到遗憾、后悔(已做已做)语法互动语法互动(十十)非谓语动词非谓语动词考点三考点三 分词分词 分词分为现在分词和
13、过去分词两种。现在分词分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词(v.ing)有主动、进行之意;过去分词有主动、进行之意;过去分词(v.ed)有被动、完成之意。有被动、完成之意。1作定语作定语 China is a _ country.America is a _ country.中国是一个发展中国家,美国是一个发中国是一个发展中国家,美国是一个发达国家。达国家。I know the boy called Li Ming.我认识那个叫李明的男孩。我认识那个叫李明的男孩。2作表语作表语 The book is interesting.Im interested in it.这本书很有趣,我对它感兴
14、趣。这本书很有趣,我对它感兴趣。developing developed 语法互动语法互动(十十)非谓语动词非谓语动词3作宾语补足语作宾语补足语I saw her going upstairs.我看见她正在上楼。我看见她正在上楼。I want to have some photos taken.我想拍几张照片。我想拍几张照片。4作状语作状语Laughing and talking,they went into the room.他们有说有笑地走进了房间。他们有说有笑地走进了房间。语法互动语法互动(十十)非谓语动词非谓语动词 5现在分词与过去分词的区别现在分词与过去分词的区别 (1)在语态上,现
15、在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被在语态上,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动。动。the surprising news 令人惊讶的新闻令人惊讶的新闻 a surprised look 惊讶的神色惊讶的神色 (2)在时间上,现在分词表示正在进行的动作,过去在时间上,现在分词表示正在进行的动作,过去分词表示已经完成的动作。分词表示已经完成的动作。the developing country 发展中国家发展中国家 the developed country 发达国家发达国家语法互动语法互动(十十)非谓语动词非谓语动词 6易混结构易混结构 注意注意 (1)在在“make宾语过去分词宾语过去分词”结构中
16、,过去结构中,过去分词的动词必须是表示结果含义的。分词的动词必须是表示结果含义的。I tried to speak more clearly so that I could make myself understood.我尽量说清楚些,以便让别人明白我。我尽量说清楚些,以便让别人明白我。(2)have sth.done 意为意为“让某人做某事让某人做某事”,相当于,相当于ask sb.to do sth.,done 表示让他人完成,有被动之意。表示让他人完成,有被动之意。I had my computer repaired yesterday.昨天我让人修理了我的电脑。昨天我让人修理了我的电脑
17、。语法互动语法互动(十十)非谓语动词非谓语动词用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空1Its very nice of you _(help)me.2Hes interested in _(play)chess.3Please stop _(smoke).Its bad for your health.4The kids had fun _(swim)in the water.5She didnt know which sweater _(choose)6We decided _(visit)the Great Wall.7Id like you _(go)shoppin
18、g with me.8Why not _(join)an English club to practice _(speak)English?考点过关训练考点过关训练语法互动语法互动(十十)非谓语动词非谓语动词to helpplayingsmokingswimmingto choose to visitto go joinspeaking9As we all know,its impolite to keep others _(wait)for a long time.10My computer doesnt work.I must have it _(repair)11They spent t
19、wo hours _(clean)the house.12John used to _ up late,but now hes used to _ up early.(get)13Would you mind _(turn)down the music?The baby is sleeping.14Students in our class have finished _(read)the article.15Our teacher has given us some advice that is well worth _(consider)语法互动语法互动(十十)非谓语动词非谓语动词cons
20、idering waitingrepairedcleaninggetgettingturningreading16She raised her voice to make herself _(hear)17What is he busy doing?He is busy doing the experiment _(complete)the science project.18To reduce air pollution,wed better ride more often instead of _(drive)19Do you still remember _(see)me somewhe
21、re in Beijing?Yes,of course.Two years ago.20Lost in Thailand is a Chinese comedy _(direct)by Xu Zheng.语法互动语法互动(十十)非谓语动词非谓语动词directedheard to completedrivingseeing 语法互动语法互动(十一十一)常考动词词组常考动词词组语法互动语法互动(十一十一)常考动词词组常考动词词组1动词词组的构成形式。动词词组的构成形式。2中考常考的动词词组。中考常考的动词词组。中考考点中考考点1动词副词动词副词:常见的有常见的有take off,write do
22、wn,hand in,fix up等。这类动词词组的宾语如果是名词,既可放在副词等。这类动词词组的宾语如果是名词,既可放在副词前边,又可放在副词后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,前边,又可放在副词后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则要放在副词前边。则要放在副词前边。Hand in your homework.把你的作业交上来。把你的作业交上来。Hand it in.把它交上来。把它交上来。2动词介词动词介词:常见的有常见的有ask for,care about,look for,look after,laugh at,hear of,lead to,wait for等。等。考点一考点一 动
23、词词组的构成动词词组的构成 语法互动语法互动(十十一一)常考动词词组常考动词词组 3动词名词动词名词:常见的有常见的有have fun,play sports,take place等。这类动词词组用作不及物动词。等。这类动词词组用作不及物动词。This story took place three years ago.这个故事发生在三年前。这个故事发生在三年前。4动词副词介词:动词副词介词:常见的有常见的有look down upon,go on with,add up to,catch up with,do well in,run out of等。等。5动词名词介词:动词名词介词:常见的有常
24、见的有take care of,pay attention to等。等。语法互动语法互动(十十一一)常考动词词组常考动词词组考点二考点二 常考的动词词组常考的动词词组 1belong to 属于属于 begin with 以以开始开始 be used for 用来用来 be used to 习惯于习惯于 be interested in 对对感兴趣感兴趣 be supposed to 被期望或应该被期望或应该 be made in 在在生产或制造生产或制造 _ 由由制成制成be made of/from 语法互动语法互动(十十一一)常考动词词组常考动词词组2_ 实现实现 cheer up 使高
25、兴起来使高兴起来 come out 花开;发芽;出现;出来;出版;发表花开;发芽;出现;出来;出版;发表 come over 过来;顺便来访过来;顺便来访 _ 来吧;加油;赶快来吧;加油;赶快 clean up 把把打扫干净打扫干净 come up with 提出,想出提出,想出come true come on 语法互动语法互动(十十一一)常考动词词组常考动词词组3do ones best 尽某人最大努力尽某人最大努力 _ 在在方面干得好方面干得好 do ones homework 做作业做作业 do some reading 阅读阅读 dream of 梦想梦想 dress up 装扮装扮
26、do well in 语法互动语法互动(十十一一)常考动词词组常考动词词组 4get on 上车上车 _ 到达到达 _ 回来;取回回来;取回 get off 下车下车 _ 与与相处融洽相处融洽 get married 结婚结婚 give out 分发分发 give away 赠送赠送 give up 放弃放弃get toget back get on/along well with 语法互动语法互动(十十一一)常考动词词组常考动词词组5have a look 看一看看一看 _ 吃晚餐吃晚餐 have a rest 休息休息 have sports 进行体育活动进行体育活动 have a col
27、d 感冒感冒 have a good time 过得愉快过得愉快 have a headache 头痛头痛 _ 尝试;努力尝试;努力have supper/dinner have a try 语法互动语法互动(十十一一)常考动词词组常考动词词组 6look for 寻找寻找 look out 留神;注意留神;注意 look up 向上看,抬头看;查阅向上看,抬头看;查阅 look after 照顾,照看照顾,照看 look at 看;观看看;观看 _ 看起来像看起来像 look the same 看起来一样看起来一样 look forward to 盼望;期待盼望;期待look like 语法
28、互动语法互动(十十一一)常考动词词组常考动词词组7make friends 交朋友交朋友 make phone calls 打电话打电话 make a noise 吵闹吵闹 _ 做鬼脸做鬼脸 make room for 给给腾出地方腾出地方 make a decision 做出决定做出决定 make a mistake 犯错误犯错误 _ 下决心下决心 make a living 谋生谋生 make progress 取得进步取得进步make a face/make faces make up ones mind 语法互动语法互动(十十一一)常考动词词组常考动词词组8put on 上演;穿上;戴
29、上上演;穿上;戴上 put up 挂起;举起挂起;举起 put down 把把放下来放下来 _ 把把收起来收起来 put off 推迟推迟 put out 扑灭,熄灭扑灭,熄灭 pick up 捡起捡起 pass on 传递传递 pay for 为为付款付款put away 语法互动语法互动(十十一一)常考动词词组常考动词词组9take off 脱掉;起飞脱掉;起飞 take photos 照相照相 take out 取出取出 take a seat 坐下坐下 _ 参加参加 take care of 照顾;照料照顾;照料 take exercise 做运动做运动 take ones place
30、 坐某人的位置;代替某人的职务坐某人的位置;代替某人的职务 _ 依次,轮流依次,轮流take part in take turns 语法互动语法互动(十十一一)常考动词词组常考动词词组talk about 谈话;交谈谈话;交谈_ 和和交谈交谈turn on 打开打开(电灯、收音机、煤气、自来水等电灯、收音机、煤气、自来水等)_ 关闭关闭(电灯、收音机、煤气、自来水等电灯、收音机、煤气、自来水等)turn up 把音量调高把音量调高turn down 调低音量;拒绝调低音量;拒绝turnover 把把翻过来翻过来_ 认为;想起认为;想起 think about 考虑考虑 talk with tu
31、rn off think of 语法互动语法互动(十十一一)常考动词词组常考动词词组.根据汉语提示完成句子根据汉语提示完成句子1Dont _(依靠依靠)others.You can do it well by yourself.2Tonys book _(出版出版)in 2012.3Have you _(听说听说)the pop singer Lu Ming?4Uncle Wang _ (谋生谋生)by selling vegetables two years ago.5We should try to _(使他高兴起来使他高兴起来)考点过关训练考点过关训练depend oncame outh
32、eard ofmade a livingcheer him up语法互动语法互动(十十一一)常考动词词组常考动词词组6Jims going to be a reporter when he _ _(长大长大)7Ive _(用完用完)my money.8My mother hopes I can get a prize in the final exam.So Ill try my best not to _(使使失望失望)9We are _(盼望盼望)the summer holiday.10Would you mind _ (照看照看)my pet dog for me while I am
33、 away?taking care of/looking ofter grows up run out oflet her downlooking forward to语法互动语法互动(十十一一)常考动词词组常考动词词组.单项填空单项填空1He _an English club last year and has improved his English a lot.AprotectedBproducedCjoined Dreceived2Its hot outside._ your jacket before you go out.ATake off BTurn onCPut up DGiv
34、e up3Linda,I have to go shopping now.Please _ your little sister at home.Alook for Blook likeClook after Dlook upCAC语法互动语法互动(十十一一)常考动词词组常考动词词组4If you _ your name on the paper,you can get a magazine.Acut down Blook downCturn down Dwrite down5Its getting dark.Please _ the light.Aturn on Bturn offCturn down Dturn aroundA D语法互动语法互动(十十一一)常考动词词组常考动词词组