1、语法专项讲练语法专项讲练非谓语动词非谓语动词非谓语动词复习回顾非谓语动词复习回顾1.I like reading the novels _(write)by Zhang Ailing.2.The girl _(write)a letter in the study is my cousin.3.There is something wrong with my car and I have to get it _(repair).4.He spoke loudly in order to make himself _(hear).5.The story was so_(move)that he
2、was _(move)to tears.writtenwritingrepairedheardmovingmovedv Whats the language _ in Germany?v A.speaking B.spoken v C.be spoken D.to speak 解析:该题应选B。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动,等于定语从句 which is spoken。B高考链接2.The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.A.to smell B.smelli
3、ng C.smelt D.to be smeltB解析:答案解析:答案B B。此处为现在分词作定语,修饰。此处为现在分词作定语,修饰flowersflowers。smellsmell为系动词,不能用于被动语态,为系动词,不能用于被动语态,相当于相当于which/that smells sweetwhich/that smells sweet。3._ the room,the nurse found the tape-recorder _.A.Entering;stealing B.Entering;stolen C.To have entered;being stolen D.Having e
4、ntered;to be stolen B非谓语动词-ed形式形式-ing形式形式现在分词现在分词动名词动名词动词不定式动词不定式非谓语动词分类非谓语动词分类1.谓语动词:谓语动词:概述:概述:2.非谓语动词:非谓语动词:在句子中担任谓语的动词在句子中担任谓语的动词 是动词的特殊形式,在句中可以是动词的特殊形式,在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分作除谓语外的所有成分非谓语动词的意义非谓语动词的意义1 The teachers sitting there are from other schools.表语表语2 We saw some teachers sitting there.宾语补足语宾语补足
5、语3 We need to be active in class.宾语宾语谓语谓语宾语宾语主语主语定语定语连系动词连系动词 非谓语动词大都可在句中作主语、非谓语动词大都可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等状语等.语法精讲语法精讲一、v.-ing 形式和v.-ed 分词1作宾语补足语v-ing 形式与v.-ed 分词作宾语补足语时,v.-ing 形式与句子宾语之间有主动或进行意义;v.-ed 分词与句子宾语之间具有被动或完成意义。非谓语动词的语法作用非谓语动词的语法作用语法精讲语法精讲Jenny found a wallet lying on the
6、 ground.詹妮发现地上有一个钱包。(主动)I looked down at my neck and found my necklace gone.我低头看了一眼我的脖子,发现我的项链不见了。(不及物动词,状态)语法精讲语法精讲I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much.发现我的家乡变化如此之大我感到很惊奇。(不及物动词,完成)I want to have my hair cut.我打算理发。(被动,完成或没有一定的时间性)语法精讲语法精讲(2011浙江卷,14)Even the best writers sometimes fi
7、nd themselves _for words.A.lose B.lost C.to lose D.having lost考点链接考点链接答案答案 B解析:考查非谓语动词。句意为解析:考查非谓语动词。句意为“甚至最优秀甚至最优秀的作家有时也会发现他们难以用文字表达自的作家有时也会发现他们难以用文字表达自己。己。”lose是及物动词,是及物动词,A、C、D项都是主动项都是主动式,空格后没有式,空格后没有lose的宾语,故用过去分词的宾语,故用过去分词lost当形容词用,作当形容词用,作find themselves的宾语补足的宾语补足语。选语。选B。语法精讲语法精讲2作定语(1)v.-ing
8、形式作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系,表示该动作的主动和进行。China is a developing country.中国是一个发展中国家。Be quiet.Theres a sleeping boy.安静点,这儿有一个睡觉的男孩。语法精讲语法精讲(2)v.-ed分词作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有被动关系,表示该动作的被动或完成。The developed countries also need help from any other country in the world.发达国家也需要世界上其他国家的帮助。语法精讲语法精讲(2011山东卷,27)Look over t
9、heretheres a very long,winding path _ up to the house.A.leading B.leads C.led D.to lead考点链接考点链接答案答案 A解析:考查非谓语动词。句意为解析:考查非谓语动词。句意为“看那儿,有一看那儿,有一条长长的蜿蜒小路向上延伸到那座房条长长的蜿蜒小路向上延伸到那座房子。子。”leading作为作为path的后置定语,相当于的后置定语,相当于which leads。选。选A。语法精讲语法精讲3.作状语(1)v.-ing 形式可作时间、条件、原因、结果或伴随等状语,它的一般式表示与谓语动词动作同时发生的动作,它的完成
10、式表示在谓语动词动作之前发生的动作。They entered the theatre,talking and laughing.他们说笑着进入了剧院。Having won the championship,he was awarded a million dollars.他获得了冠军,被奖励100万美元。语法精讲语法精讲(2011上海春招上海春招,34)Mike found his missing car in the street outside his house,_ newly cleaned and polished.A.lookedB.to lookC.lookingD.to be
11、looking考点链接考点链接答案答案 C解析:考查非谓语动词。句意为解析:考查非谓语动词。句意为“Mike在他屋子外的大街上发现了他丢失在他屋子外的大街上发现了他丢失的汽车,看上去刚擦得干干净净,还打过的汽车,看上去刚擦得干干净净,还打过腊。腊。”A项项looked是谓语形式,但句中没有是谓语形式,但句中没有连词;连词;B项不定式项不定式to look和和D项项to be looking如果都表结果,那只能由如果都表结果,那只能由Mike执行这个动执行这个动作,与题意不符;作,与题意不符;C项项looking表明车子的特表明车子的特性,作伴随状语,故选性,作伴随状语,故选C。语法精讲语法精讲
12、(2)v.-ed 分词作状语时表示完成或被动的动作,它是由句子的主语承受的。而不定式和v.-ing 形式作状语时,该动作是由句子主语发出的。Built in the Ming Dynasty,the building is still in good condition.建造于明朝的那栋建筑物现在仍然处于良好状态。Given more attention,the trees could have grown better.倘若给予更多的关注,这些树会生长得更好。语法精讲语法精讲二、动词不定式1不定式作定语The Browns have a comfortable house to live i
13、n.布朗一家在一个温馨舒适的家生活。Have you got anything to send?你有什么东西要寄吗?(不定式to send的动作执行者是“你”)Have you got anything to be sent?你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗?(不定式to be sent的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”)语法精讲语法精讲She was the last person to leave the classroom after school.她是放学后最后一个离开教室的人。I have no chance to go sightseeing.我没有机会外出观光。语法精讲语法精讲2不定
14、式作状语To learn English well,he needs a good dictionary.为了学好英语,他需要一本好词典。(而不能说:To learn English well,a good dictionary is needed.主语不一致)语法精讲语法精讲(2011福建卷福建卷,27)The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable .A.held B.holding C.be held D.to hold考点链接考点链接答案答
15、案 D解析:考查非谓语动词。句意为解析:考查非谓语动词。句意为“iPad 2与早期与早期的型号在厚度和重量上不同,拿在手里很舒服。的型号在厚度和重量上不同,拿在手里很舒服。”在用在用easy,difficult,hard,comfortable等形容词构等形容词构成的复合宾语时,用不定式作状语。成的复合宾语时,用不定式作状语。hold与前面与前面的的the iPad 2有逻辑上的动宾关系,故用主动式。有逻辑上的动宾关系,故用主动式。因此,选因此,选D。语法精讲语法精讲温馨提示(1)有些不定式短语可以作独立成分,通常位于句首,有时位于句中或句尾,需要用逗号同其他句子成分隔开。To be hone
16、st,I know nothing about it.说实话,我对那件事一无所知。常见的这类短语有:to tell the truth,to be frank(坦率地说),to be exact,to begin with。语法精讲语法精讲(2)不定式作结果状语时,常表示一种意外的结果,尤其是和only 连用时,常用only to do。He ran to the station only to find the train had left.他跑到火车站却发现火车已开走了。温馨提示温馨提示语法精讲语法精讲Smoking is forbidden here but you are allowe
17、d to smoke.这里禁止吸烟,但你可以吸。We dont allow smoking in the hall.三、非谓语动词易错点1在动词allow,advise,forbid,permit后直接跟v.-ing形式作宾语,如果后面有名词或代词作宾语,其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。语法精讲语法精讲2动词need,require,want作“需要”解时。其后必须用v.-ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语,表示事情需要做。这时v.-ing形式的主动式表示被动意义。以及be worth后必须用v.-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义。语法精讲语法精讲语法精讲语法精讲As a result
18、 of the serious flood,two-thirds of the buildings in the area_.Aneed repairing Bneeds to repairCneeds repairing Dneed to repair考点链接考点链接【答案】A【解析】此处twothirds修饰buildings,故谓语动词用复数,排除B、C两项;need doingneed to be done 意为“需要被做”。故选A。语法精讲语法精讲3.独立主格结构独立主格结构,就是分词有其自己的独立主语,可以不与句子的主语保持一致。独立主格结构没有主语和谓语,所以在语法上不是句子。此
19、结构在句子中起原因、方式、时间、条件、伴随状语的作用。独立主格结构应与句子的主体部分分隔开来。其功能和用法见下表:语法精讲语法精讲表现形式意义例句名词/代词现在分词/过去分词现在分词表主动、进行,过去分词表被动或完成Weather permitting,well go out for a walk.Homework finished,the boy went out to play.不定式表将来,计划安排要做的事The exam to be held tomorrow,I cant go to the cinema tonight.名词/代词形容词/副词表明名词或代词所处的状态Our less
20、ons (being)over,we went to play football.介词短语表位置The girl is walking in the field,packet on the back.名词名词/代词代词语法精讲语法精讲with名词/代词形容词表状态He used to sleep with windows open.副词表状态He went up to sleep with lights on.介词短语表位置The children came running toward us,with flowers in their hands.表现形式意义例句with名词/代词现在分词表
21、主动、进行They pretended to be working all night with their lights burning.过去分词表被动、完成She had to walk home with her bike stolen.不定式表将来I cant go out to play with so much homework to do.语法精讲语法精讲(2009年合肥三模)Mr.Smith has two sons,one of_working as a bus driver now.Awho BwhomCthem Dwhose考点链接考点链接【解析】根据句式,后面用的是独立主格结构,当句子的主语与分词的逻辑主语不一致时,分词必须有自己的主语。【答案】C高考体验高考体验点击进入点击进入模拟演练模拟演练点击进入点击进入