1、 北京北京 20192019 中考英语阅读理解（一）中考英语阅读理解（一） 专题十八 阅读理解 第 1 讲 北京中考阅读理解 CD 篇 1. 掌握本篇阅读理解中出现的高频词及长难句。 2. 掌握阅读理解的解题技巧, 并能够指出本篇阅读理解中运用到的解题技巧。 3. 通过阅读理解高频词、长难句等语料的积累, 及阅读理解解题技巧的练习, 灵活应对各种阅读理解题。 C 篇 知识篇 “巧妇难为无米之炊”, 在英语学习的过程中, 语料的积累至关重要。对于阅读理解高频词和长难句的梳 理, 能够为我们今后的学习和提升打下良好的基础。 亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高频词和长难句, 快来看
2、看你掌握了吗？ 高频词（课前检测学生的词汇量储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会 翻译的为差。 ） 单词/短语 词性 词义 拓展 掌握情况 优 良 差 have to 必须，不得 不 be designed 为而设计 教学目标教学目标 名名师点拨师点拨 for difficult adj. 困难的 n. difficulty experiment n. 试验 cutinto 把切成 surprised adj. 惊讶的 look down upon 瞧不起 be punished for 因而受惩 罚 accept v. 接受 adj. acceptable
3、 search v. 搜寻，搜查 however conj. 然而 understand v. 理解 过去式： understood organize v. 组织 n. organization probably adv. 可能 长难句（课前检测学生的句型储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻 译的为差。 ） 1. So it is difficult for left-handers to use most tools.（优良差） _ _ 句意：所以对于左撇子来说使用大多数工具是困难的。 本句涉及高频句型“Its + adj. for sb. to do
4、sth”，意为“对某人来说做某事是”。 2. They conclude（得出结论） that left-handed people are left handed for the same reason that right-handed people are right handed.（优良差） _ _ 句意：人习惯于使用左手和习惯于使用右手是同一个原因，即惯用左手的人和惯用右手的人一样是普通人。 本句要首先判断出 conclude 后面是一个由 that 引导的宾语从句，在这个宾语从句中有包含着一个由 that 引导的定语从句修饰 reason. 其次，在翻译对字面含义的同时还要理解这句
5、话的深层含义，即强调惯用左手 的人和惯用右手的人都是普通人。 方法篇 “方法得当, 事半功倍。 ” 只有语料的积累, 没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。 对于阅读理解解题方法的梳理, 能够帮助我们更好地理解阅读理解的命题逻辑, 在有足够语料积累的基础上, 能够帮助我们争取高分。 亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你精心整理了阅读理解的解题技巧, 快来看看你掌握了多少？ 一、阅读理解解题步骤 第一 步 快速浏览全文， 了解文章 大概。 浏览时要注意以下句子： 每段的开头和结尾， 重要的情 节句子，如果遇到未学或不认识的单词或不理解的句 子，可以根据上下文猜测，切不可停留而放慢速度。 第二 步 浏览问题，明确要求
6、。 把文章后每个题目内容看明白， 这样又能辅助进一步理 解文章的主要内容， 具体做题时就能对号入座， 找到文 章中确切表达所要回答问题的关键句子。 第三 步 通篇寻读，确定段落。 也就是带着问题去读， 找到要回答问题的关键词、 句或 意群，以及任何有关答题的信息，用铅笔画下来，以便 为下一步答题做好充分准备。 第四 步 逐条分析，对号入座。 把需要回答的问题和寻读中找到的信息逐条分析， 对号 入座。 一般来说， 出题者问题设计都是按照文章内容自 上到下顺序设计的， 根据难度先解决容易的， 最后解决 深层次的理解题。 第五 步 复读全文，验证答案。 全部题目做完后， 必须再仔细阅读一遍全文， 进
7、一步加 深对文章理解，核实所选答案是否正确。 二、阅读理解解题技巧 初中英语选择型阅读理解题主要分为四种题型，分别是细节理解题，推理判断题，猜测词义题和主旨大 意题。接下来我们将从这四种题型的定义，设题方式和解题技巧三方面进行介绍。 题型 题型一：细节理解题 解释 本类试题主要考察学生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能 力。 问题包括询问人 （who） 、 物 （what） 、 时间 （when） 、 地点 （where） 、 原因 （cause） 、 结果（effect） 、文中的数据（data）等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考察这 些细节。 设题 方式 1. Which
8、of the following statements is true/false? 2. Which of the following is (not) mentioned? 3. According to the passage, when( where, why, how, who, etc)? 解题 技巧 1. 细心审题，直接就题找答案 2. 变通理解，间接转述找答案 3. 多点归纳，综合事实找答案 典题 精析 Which hand do you use when write? About 8 to 15 percent of people are left handed. They
9、often have to use tools that are designed for right-handed people. So it is difficult for left-handers to use most tools. If you are right handed, try this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces. Dont be surprised if you feel awkward（别 扭的）. If right-handers
10、 cut up potatoes with their left hand, they will . A. get hurt B. give up cutting C. feel awkward D. change their tools 本题可以运用到解题技巧 1. 细心审题，直接就题找答案 浏览题干，确定关键短语为 cut up potatoes with their left hand，浏览段落， 确定关键句 If you are right handed, try this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand and try cut
11、ting a potato into pieces. Dont be surprised if you feel awkward（别扭的）.“如果你是一个习惯用右手的人，用左手拿刀把 土豆切成块。如果你感到别扭并不让人惊讶。”，根据句意即可推断出正确答案， 故选 C。 题型 题型二：推理判断题 解释 推理判断题着重考察学生的逻辑思维能力，即要求学生根据文章的逻辑关系进行推 理判断。此类题目难度大，涉及面广，如人物的性格、心理，故事的结局、寓意， 文章的出处、体裁，作者的倾向、态度等。 设题 方式 1. It can be inferred from the text that_. 2. Fro
12、m the text we know that _. 3. With which of the following does the author agree? 4. The passage is probably taken from a _. 解题 技巧 1. 通过文章陈述的事实进行推断 2. 根据文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断 3. 根据作者的意图和态度进行推断 典题 精析 Boredom is often linked with loneliness, but a writer named Meera Syal said boredom had helped her
13、 in developing her mind. She told researchers about her childhood. Having few things to do, Syal often talked with her neighbors. She also tried to do things like learning to bake cakes. “But importantly, I Thought and wrote a lot, because I was bored,” Syal said. She kept a diary, filling her time
14、with short stories and poems she made up. Grayson Perry, an artist, grew up in a family with little money. He enjoyed himself by making up stories, drawing pictures for his stories and reading many books in the library. Bored but free, he spent hours looking out of the window, watching the changing
15、clouds and seasons. Perry filled up his free time with what he liked. He became creative, because he could think freely. The writer talks about Syal and Perry to . A. stress the great differences between them B. introduce a popular writer and a famous artist C. suggest good ways of going through bor
16、edom D. show effects of boredom on developing creativity 本题可以运用到解题技巧 2. 根据文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言 进行推断 题干意为“作者谈论 Syal 和 Perry 的例子的目的是什么？” 。两个段落很长，我们 首先要精读段落，抓住两个人物的态度，第一段中关键句为 a writer named Meera Syal said boredom had helped her in developing her mind.意为“Meera Syal 说无聊帮助她发展了她的思想” ，第二段关键句为 He became c
17、reative, because he could think freely.意为“他变得积极，因为他能够自由思考” ，由这两句关键句 可知两个人都认为“无聊可以发展创造力， ” ，故选 D。 题型 题型三：词义猜测题 解释 单词的猜测能力是阅读理解能力的主要组成部分，是考查对文中关键词语的理解。 而且，所考察的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据文中语境来判断。 设题 方式 1. The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means _. 2. The word“”most likely means _. 3. Which of the
18、following is closest in meaning to the word _. 解题 技巧 1. 通过因果关系猜测词义 2. 通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义 3. 通过构词法猜测词义 4. 通过定义或释义说明来猜测词义 5. 通过描述猜测词义 6. 用知识和生活经验猜测词义 7. 根据上下文的指代关系猜测词义 典题 精析 Children are expected by their parents to be reading a textbook all the time. However, research shows that it may hamper the dev
19、elopment of their imagination, while boredom can give them opportunities to develop creativity. What does the word “hamper” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Slow down. B. Keep up with. C. Go beyond. D. Give rise to. 本题可以运用到解题技巧 2. 通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义 浏览本段，会发现本段中存在转折连词 while“然而” ，while 后的句意为“无聊能 给他们发展
20、创造力的机会” ，所以 while 之前的句意应该与之相反，进一步推测词 义。A 意为“ （使）慢下来” ，B 意为“跟上” ，C 意为“超出” ，D 意为“引起，导致” ， 故选 A。 题型 题型四：主旨大意题 解释 考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。 设题 方式 1. 问标题：What is the main topic of the passage? / The best title for the passage is _. 2. 问中心：The first paragraph is mainly about the _. / The passage is mostly a
21、bout _. 3. 问目的，态度：The author wants to tell _. / The purpose of this article is to _. 解题 技巧 1. 浏览文章首尾段和各段开头，抓住主旨段或主旨句 2. 浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨 3. 以掌握主旨为前提，处理推断作者语气及写作意图 典题 精析 In the past, people thought it was strange to use the left hand. Young students looked down upon their left-handed classmates. Some
22、 children were even punished for using their left hand to write. But these days parents and teachers have accepted that. In almost every school in the world, left-handed students can use their left hand to write. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A. Causes of being left handed. B. Encouragement to l
23、eft-handers C. Punishment for using the left hand. D. Changes in opinions on left-handers. 本题可以运用到解题技巧 2. 浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨 本题考察的是第二段段落大意，要首先锁定第二段的关键词 but，but 之前的关键 词 in the past 和 it was strange to use the left hand 表明了在过去人们认为 使用左手是奇怪的，but 之后的关键词 these days 和 have accepted that 表明了 现在人们接受了惯用左手的人。所以这
24、段主要是讲述了人们关于惯用左手的人的态 度上的转变。可以判定答案为 Changes in opinions on left-handers.，故选 D。 浏览问题 （抓住题干及选项中的关键词，以便有目的性的通读文章） 题号 题干及选项 1 If right-handers cut up potatoes with their left hand, they will . （细节理解题） A. get hurt B. give up cutting C. feel awkward D. change their tools 2 What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?（
25、主旨大意题） A. Causes of being left handed. B. Encouragement to left-handers C. Punishment for using the left hand. D. Changes in opinions on left-handers. 3 According to the passage, right-handers .（细节理解题） A. learn better visually B. are good organizers C. are better at single sports D. give clear direc
26、tions to others 4 From the passage, we can learn that left-handers .（细节理解题） A. may be more talkative and outgoing B. are ordinary people like right-handers C. might remember everyday things better D. no longer need to use right-handed tools 通篇寻读 话题 体裁 字数 建议用时 实际用时 正确率 星级 日常生活类 说明文 402 7 分钟 _/4 Are Y
27、ou Right Handed or Left Handed? Which hand do you use when write? About 8 to 15 percent of people are left handed. They often 语语篇精讲篇精讲 have to use tools that are designed for right-handed people. So it is difficult for left-handers to use most tools. If you are right handed, try this experiment: Tak
28、e a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces. Dont be surprised if you feel awkward（别扭的）. In the past, people thought it was strange to use the left hand. Young students looked down upon their left-handed classmates. Some children were even punished for using their left hand to
29、 write. But these days parents and teachers have accepted that. In almost every school in the world, left-handed students can use their left hand to write. What causes people to be left handed or right handed? Experts have searched long and hard on this. They conclude（得出结论） that left-handed people a
30、re left handed for the same reason that right-handed people are right handed. One out of every ten people just is a left-handed people are right handed. One out of every ten people just is a left-hander. Its simply like the color of our eyes some people have brown eyes, while some others have black
31、eyes. However, may researchers think that left-handers and right-handers are different in some aspects. Right-handers are more talkative and outgoing than left-handers. Many right-handed people understand spoken words better. For example, after they listen to directions to a supermarket, they can fi
32、nd it easily. Right-handers are good at organizing people, too. They are also better basketball guards. Just ask Yao Ming. Research shows that left-handers are creative and artistic. Many famous performers, like Jim Carrey and Paul McCartney, are left handed. Many left-handers learn better visually（
33、在视觉方面）. In art, both Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo were left handed. In music, Ludwig van Beethoven was left handed. In science, you find Newton and Einstein. The left-handed people are also really good at tennis and other single sports. If you prefer one hand, but you are still good at writing
34、 with the other, you are mixed. Research shows mixed-handers can remember everyday things better than other people. What did you eat for lunch two weeks ago? If youre mixed handed, you can probably remember. 逐题分析 语篇解读：本篇文章是一篇日常生活类的说明文。主要阐述了惯用左手的人及惯用右手的人这两类社会群体 的特点，过去及现在人们对这两类群体的态度转变，最后得出他们都是普通人这一观点。
35、 1. If right-handers cut up potatoes with their left hand, they will . A. get hurt B. give up cutting C. feel awkward D. change their tools 解析：C. 细节理解题。浏览题干，确定关键短语为 cut up potatoes with their left hand，浏览段落，确定关键句 If you are right handed, try this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand and try
36、cutting a potato into pieces. Dont be surprised if you feel awkward（别扭的）.“如果你是一个习惯用右手 的人，用左手拿刀把土豆切成块。如果你感到别扭并不让人惊讶。”，根据句意即可推断出正确答案，故选 C。 2. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A. Causes of being left handed. B. Encouragement to left-handers C. Punishment for using the left hand. D. Changes in opinions
37、 on left-handers. 解析：D. 段落主旨大意题。本题考察的是第二段段落大意，要首先锁定第二段的关键词 but，but 之前的关键词 in the past 和 it was strange to use the left hand 表明了在过去人们认为使用左手是奇怪的，but 之后的关键 词 these days 和 have accepted that 表明了现在人们接受了惯用左手的人。所以这段主要是讲述了人们关 于惯用左手的人的态度上的转变。可以判定答案为 Changes in opinions on left-handers.，故选 D。 3. According to
38、the passage, right-handers . A. learn better visually B. are good organizers C. are better at single sports D. give clear directions to others 解析：B. 细节理解题。本题题干询问的是惯用右手的人的特点，因此可以将答案锁定在第四段中。根据第四段中关键 句 Right-handers are good at organizing people, too.“惯用右手的人擅长组织人们”可以推断出他们 是好的组织者。根据第五段 Many left-handers
39、 learn better visually（在视觉方面）.可以判定 A 选项是 左撇子的特点， 故是错误的； 根据 The left-handed people are also really good at tennis and other single sports.可以判定 C 项是错误的；根据 Many right-handed people understand spoken words better. For example, after they listen to directions to a supermarket, they can find it easily.可以判
40、断出惯 用右手的人有方向感，而不是给别人清晰的方向，故 D 项错误。 4. From the passage, we can learn that left-handers . A. may be more talkative and outgoing B. are ordinary people like right-handers C. might remember everyday things better D. no longer need to use right-handed tools 解析：B. 细节理解题。 本题题干询问的是惯用左手的人的特点， 根据第四段中句子 Right
41、-handers are more talkative and outgoing than left-handers.可以判定出 talkative and outgoing 是惯用右手的人的特点，故排除； 根据最后一段中句子 Research shows mixed-handers can remember everyday things better than other people.可判定出双手都能灵活运用的人记忆力更好， 故排除C； 根据第一段句子They often have to use tools that are designed for right-handed peopl
42、e.可知左撇子也不得不使用专为右手人设计的工具，故排除 D。 最后，根据第三段中 They conclude（得出结论） that left-handed people are left handed for the same reason that right-handed people are right handed.“人习惯于使用左手和习惯于使用右手是同一个原 因，”即惯用左手的人和惯用右手的人一样是普通人，故选 B。 精讲笔记 （学生在教师的指导下, 回顾本讲中积累的阅读理解的知识和方法） 语篇中积累的词汇（至少积累 10 个） 单词 词性及词义 单词的运用（鼓励学生用所学词汇造句）
43、 语篇中的学到的方法（至少掌握 2 种） 细节理解 题 1、3、4 推理判断 题 词义猜测 题 主旨大意 题 2 基础过关 一、词汇/短语英汉互译 单词/短语 词性 词义 必须，不得不 be designed for adj. 困难的 experiment n. cutinto adj. 惊讶的 look down upon be punished for v. 接受 search v. conj. 然而 v. 理解 organize v. probably adv. 二、句子英汉互译 1. 所以对于左撇子来说使用大多数工具是困难的。 _. 2. 你不应该因为一个人穷就看不起他。 _. 能力提
44、升能力提升 3. It is important that we try to be good at everything we do. _. 4. If you cut a cake into four parts all the same size, each part is one-fourth. _. 5. I shall be punished for being late this morning. _. 阅读练习 话题 体裁 字数 建议用时 实际用时 正确率 星级 日常生活类 说明文 364 7 分钟 _/4 Do you enjoy visiting a museum? Did
45、 you ever make a plan before a visit? Every museum must have something that attracts you. And there are many possible ways to enjoy yourself in a museum. If you follow these steps below, youll know what is worth seeing and doing, so that you can make the most of your time at the museum. Decide what
46、museum you will visit. There are so many different kinds of museums and you first need to find one that you like. Its easy for you to choose one and start an enjoyable visit! Do some research online. Every museum now has a website which allows you to look through the information about it. On the web
47、site, you may look for such things as: The exhibits(展品)See what is on show at the museum at all times, and what special exhibitions are held for a short time. The history of the museum There will often be very interesting stories about the exhibits and the benefactors(捐赠者). That can make your visit
48、more interesting. Activities See whether there are talks, tours our special activities on the day when you visit. Many museums hold some activities that meet the interests of all age groups. Cost, food or shortageIts important how much the visit will cost. You have to decide whether or not you can eat there. You might also
