1、 北京北京 20192019 中考英语阅读理解（七）中考英语阅读理解（七） 专题十八 阅读理解 第 7 讲北京西城二模阅读理解 CD 篇 1. 掌握本篇阅读理解中出现的高频词及长难句。 2. 掌握阅读理解的解题技巧, 并能够指出本篇阅读理解中运用到的解题技巧。 3. 通过阅读理解高频词、长难句等语料的积累, 及阅读理解解题技巧的练习, 灵活应对各种阅读理解题。 C 篇 知识篇 “巧妇难为无米之炊”, 在英语学习的过程中, 语料的积累至关重要。对于阅读理解高频词和长难句的梳 理, 能够为我们今后的学习和提升打下良好的基础。 亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高频词和长难句, 快来
2、看看你掌握了吗？ 高频词（课前检测学生的词汇量储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会 翻译的为差。 ） 单词/短语 词性 词义 拓展 掌握情况 优 良 差 speak up 大声讲， 畅所 欲言 online adj. 在线的 教教学目标学目标 名名师点拨师点拨 get along with 与和睦相 处 disagree v. 不同意 opp. agree n. disagreement argue v. 争论，辩论 n. argument respectfully adv. 恭敬地 adj. respectful discussion n. 讨论 v. d
3、iscuss calmly adj. 冷静地， 平静 的 point out 指出，指明 patient adj. 有耐心的 lie v. 说谎，躺 n. 谎言 avoid v. 避开，避免 wrong adj. 错误的 opp. right trust v. 相信，信任 freedom n. 自由 adj. free 长难句（课前检测学生的句型储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻 译的为差。 ） 1. About two out of three kids said they get along very well with their parents.
4、（优良差） _ _ 句意：大约三分之二的孩子们说他们与父母相处的很好。 本句中包含着一个由 that 引导的宾语从句，作 said 的宾语，that 省略。 2. When they disagree with their parents, they say they have a discussion calmly.（优良差） _ _ 句意：当他们与父母意见不一致的时候，他们说他们进行了冷静地讨论。 本句中包含着一个由 when 引导的时间状语从句，当的时候。 3. Kids and parents get along differently at different times of th
5、e journey of life. （优良 差） _ _ 句意：孩子们和父母在生命旅程的不同时期的相处是不同的。 本句翻译时要注意中英语序的差别。 方法篇 “方法得当, 事半功倍。 ” 只有语料的积累, 没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。 对于阅读理解解题方法的梳理, 能够帮助我们更好地理解阅读理解的命题逻辑, 在有足够语料积累的基础上, 能够帮助我们争取高分。 亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你精心整理了阅读理解的解题技巧, 快来看看你掌握了多少？ 一、阅读理解解题步骤 第一 步 快速浏览全文， 了解文章 大概。 浏览时要注意以下句子： 每段的开头和结尾， 重要的情 节句子，如果遇到未学或不认识的单词或
6、不理解的句 子，可以根据上下文猜测，切不可停留而放慢速度。 第二 步 浏览问题，明确要求。 把文章后每个题目内容看明白， 这样又能辅助进一步理 解文章的主要内容， 具体做题时就能对号入座， 找到文 章中确切表达所要回答问题的关键句子。 第三 步 通篇寻读，确定段落。 也就是带着问题去读， 找到要回答问题的关键词、 句或 意群，以及任何有关答题的信息，用铅笔画下来，以便 为下一步答题做好充分准备。 第四 步 逐条分析，对号入座。 把需要回答的问题和寻读中找到的信息逐条分析， 对号 入座。 一般来说， 出题者问题设计都是按照文章内容自 上到下顺序设计的， 根据难度先解决容易的， 最后解决 深层次的
7、理解题。 第五 步 复读全文，验证答案。 全部题目做完后， 必须再仔细阅读一遍全文， 进一步加 深对文章理解，核实所选答案是否正确。 二、阅读理解解题技巧 初中英语选择型阅读理解题主要分为四种题型，分别是细节理解题，推理判断题，猜测词义题和主旨大 意题。接下来我们将从这四种题型的定义，设题方式和解题技巧三方面进行介绍。 题型 题型一：细节理解题 解释 本类试题主要考察学生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能 力。 问题包括询问人 （who） 、 物 （what） 、 时间 （when） 、 地点 （where） 、 原因 （cause） 、 结果（effect） 、文中的数据（d
8、ata）等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考察这 些细节。 设题 方式 1. Which of the following statements is true/false? 2. Which of the following is (not) mentioned? 3. According to the passage, when( where, why, how, who, etc)? 解题 技巧 1. 细心审题，直接就题找答案 2. 变通理解，间接转述找答案 3. 多点归纳，综合事实找答案 典题 精析 Which hand do you use when write? About 8 to
9、 15 percent of people are left handed. They often have to use tools that are designed for right-handed people. So it is difficult for left-handers to use most tools. If you are right handed, try this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces. Dont be surprised
10、 if you feel awkward（别 扭的）. If right-handers cut up potatoes with their left hand, they will . A. get hurt B. give up cutting C. feel awkward D. change their tools 本题可以运用到解题技巧 1. 细心审题，直接就题找答案 浏览题干，确定关键短语为 cut up potatoes with their left hand，浏览段落， 确定关键句 If you are right handed, try this experiment:
11、Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces. Dont be surprised if you feel awkward（别扭的）.“如果你是一个习惯用右手的人，用左手拿刀把 土豆切成块。如果你感到别扭并不让人惊讶。”，根据句意即可推断出正确答案， 故选 C。 题型 题型二：推理判断题 解释 推理判断题着重考察学生的逻辑思维能力，即要求学生根据文章的逻辑关系进行推 理判断。此类题目难度大，涉及面广，如人物的性格、心理，故事的结局、寓意， 文章的出处、体裁，作者的倾向、态度等。 设题 方式 1. It
12、 can be inferred from the text that_. 2. From the text we know that _. 3. With which of the following does the author agree? 4. The passage is probably taken from a _. 解题 技巧 1. 通过文章陈述的事实进行推断 2. 根据文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断 3. 根据作者的意图和态度进行推断 典题 精析 Boredom is often linked with loneliness, but a writer
13、named Meera Syal said boredom had helped her in developing her mind. She told researchers about her childhood. Having few things to do, Syal often talked with her neighbors. She also tried to do things like learning to bake cakes. “But importantly, I Thought and wrote a lot, because I was bored,” Sy
14、al said. She kept a diary, filling her time with short stories and poems she made up. Grayson Perry, an artist, grew up in a family with little money. He enjoyed himself by making up stories, drawing pictures for his stories and reading many books in the library. Bored but free, he spent hours looki
15、ng out of the window, watching the changing clouds and seasons. Perry filled up his free time with what he liked. He became creative, because he could think freely. The writer talks about Syal and Perry to . A. stress the great differences between them B. introduce a popular writer and a famous arti
16、st C. suggest good ways of going through boredom D. show effects of boredom on developing creativity 本题可以运用到解题技巧 2. 根据文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言 进行推断 题干意为“作者谈论 Syal 和 Perry 的例子的目的是什么？” 。两个段落很长，我们 首先要精读段落，抓住两个人物的态度，第一段中关键句为 a writer named Meera Syal said boredom had helped her in developing her mind.意为“Me
17、era Syal 说无聊帮助她发展了她的思想” ，第二段关键句为 He became creative, because he could think freely.意为“他变得积极，因为他能够自由思考” ，由这两句关键句 可知两个人都认为“无聊可以发展创造力， ” ，故选 D。 题型 题型三：词义猜测题 解释 单词的猜测能力是阅读理解能力的主要组成部分，是考查对文中关键词语的理解。 而且，所考察的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据文中语境来判断。 设题 方式 1. The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means _. 2. The
18、 word“”most likely means _. 3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word _. 解题 技巧 1. 通过因果关系猜测词义 2. 通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义 3. 通过构词法猜测词义 4. 通过定义或释义说明来猜测词义 5. 通过描述猜测词义 6. 用知识和生活经验猜测词义 7. 根据上下文的指代关系猜测词义 典题 精析 Children are expected by their parents to be reading a textbook all the time. Howeve
19、r, research shows that it may hamper the development of their imagination, while boredom can give them opportunities to develop creativity. What does the word “hamper” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Slow down. B. Keep up with. C. Go beyond. D. Give rise to. 本题可以运用到解题技巧 2. 通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义 浏览本段，会
20、发现本段中存在转折连词 while“然而” ，while 后的句意为“无聊能 给他们发展创造力的机会” ，所以 while 之前的句意应该与之相反，进一步推测词 义。A 意为“ （使）慢下来” ，B 意为“跟上” ，C 意为“超出” ，D 意为“引起，导致” ， 故选 A。 题型 题型四：主旨大意题 解释 考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。 设题 方式 1. 问标题：What is the main topic of the passage? / The best title for the passage is _. 2. 问中心：The first paragraph is m
21、ainly about the _. / The passage is mostly about _. 3. 问目的，态度：The author wants to tell _. / The purpose of this article is to _. 解题 技巧 1. 浏览文章首尾段和各段开头，抓住主旨段或主旨句 2. 浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨 3. 以掌握主旨为前提，处理推断作者语气及写作意图 典题 精析 In the past, people thought it was strange to use the left hand. Young students looked
22、down upon their left-handed classmates. Some children were even punished for using their left hand to write. But these days parents and teachers have accepted that. In almost every school in the world, left-handed students can use their left hand to write. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A. Causes
23、 of being left handed. B. Encouragement to left-handers C. Punishment for using the left hand. D. Changes in opinions on left-handers. 本题可以运用到解题技巧 2. 浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨 本题考察的是第二段段落大意，要首先锁定第二段的关键词 but，but 之前的关键 词 in the past 和 it was strange to use the left hand 表明了在过去人们认为 使用左手是奇怪的，but 之后的关键词 these day
24、s 和 have accepted that 表明了 现在人们接受了惯用左手的人。所以这段主要是讲述了人们关于惯用左手的人的态 度上的转变。可以判定答案为 Changes in opinions on left-handers.，故选 D。 浏览问题 （抓住题干及选项中的关键词，以便有目的性的通读文章） 题号 题干及选项 1 According to the poll, how many kids get along very well with their parents? （细节理解题） A. About 4/5. B. About 2/3. C. About 1/2. D. About
25、2/5. 2 What does Lyness advise kids to do when arguments happen? （细节理解题） A. Listen to their parents calmly. B. Try to understand their parents. C. Voice their opinions with patience. D. Tell a white lie to avoid problems. 3 According to Lyness, which is a possible way for kids to get more freedom? （
26、细节理解题） A. To tell the truth. B. To care more about their parents. C. To make less trouble. D. To have a talk with their parents. 4 What can we learn from the passage? （推理判断题） A. Disagreements between parents and kids are avoidable. B. Kids ages 12 to14 lie more because they have less fun. C. The rel
27、ationship between parents and kids stays the same. D. Both parents and kids should make changes to get on well. 通篇寻读 （通读文章，根据问题中的关键词标记出文章中的重点词，短语或句子，为逐题分析做准备） 语语篇精讲篇精讲 话题 体裁 字数 建议用时 实际用时 正确率 星级 日常生活类 说明文 380 7 分钟 _/4 Kids Speak Up In an online poll (投票), TIME FOR KIDS and Kids Health. org asked kids
28、 how they are getting along with their parents. Heres what they told us. Getting Along and Having Fun About two out of three kids said they get along very well with their parents. About four out of five told us they have fun with their parents. But that doesnt mean they never disagree. In fact, most
29、 kids reported arguing with their parents sometimes. “Its common to disagree and argue,” says DArcy Lyness, a child psychologist (心理学家). “But its also important to learn how to do so respectfully.” About half of the kids said they are doing that. When they disagree with their parents, they say they
30、have a discussion calmly. But two out of five kids said arguments always involve shouting at each other. Lyness points out that shouting never helps. “Speak up, and let your parents know your ideas,” she advises. “But be patient. Dont use a raised, angry voice.” Not surprisingly, three out of four k
31、ids admitted (承认) to lying at times. Many said they lie to avoid getting in trouble or disappointing their parents. According to Lyness, lying isnt just wrong. It can actually get bad results. Telling the truth builds trust. “When parents can trust you, they are more likely to give you more freedom.
32、” she says. A Changing Relationship Kids ages 12 to 14 not only said they lie more, but they also reported having less fun, feeling less close, and not getting along as well with their parents. According to Lyness, those feelings are not uncommon. As kids grow up, they have more disagreements or arg
33、uments with their parents. But it doesnt have to be that way. “Kids and parents get along differently at different times of the journey of life,” she says. As kids grow and change, it is important for everybody to adapt (适应). “Theres a dance of ways that you act with others and get along,” she point
34、s out. “Then theres a change, and its a different dance.” Change is normal, she stresses. Share this story with your family. You may find that you have a lot to talk about. 逐题分析 语篇解读：本文是一篇日常生活类的说明文，主要阐述了孩子成长过程中在与父母相处方面遇到的一些问题 及针对这些问题的解决方法。 1. According to the poll, how many kids get along very well
35、with their parents? A. About 4/5. B. About 2/3. C. About 1/2. D. About 2/5. 解析：B. 细节理解题。 题干意为 “根据这项投票， 有多少孩子与父母相处的融洽？” ， 根据题干关键短语 get along very well with 可将答案锁定在文章第二段中，根据关键句 About two out of three kids said they get along very well with their parents.可知答案为大约 2/3，故选 B。 2. What does Lyness advise kid
36、s to do when arguments happen? A. Listen to their parents calmly. B. Try to understand their parents. C. Voice their opinions with patience. D. Tell a white lie to avoid problems. 解析：C. 细节理解题。 根据题干关键句 when arguments happen 可将答案锁定在第 4 段中， 根据关键句“Speak up, and let your parents know your ideas,” she adv
37、ises. “But be patient. Dont use a raised, angry voice.” “大声说出来，让你的父母知道你的想法，但是要耐心一些，不要用一个提高音调的，生气的声音。 ” ，通过 本句可知，在和父母发生争论时，孩子应该耐心的表达出自己的想法，故选 C。 3. According to Lyness, which is a possible way for kids to get more freedom? A. To tell the truth. B. To care more about their parents. C. To make less tro
38、uble. D. To have a talk with their parents. 解析：A. 细节理解题。 根据题干关键短语get more freedom可将答案锁定在文章第五段中， 根据段中关键句Telling the truth builds trust. “When parents can trust you, they are more likely to give you more freedom.” she says. “讲出事实能够铸造信任。 “当父母能够相信你时，他们可能给你更多自由。 ” ，故可以判断要想获 得更多自由，应该讲事实，故选A。 4. What can w
39、e learn from the passage? A. Disagreements between parents and kids are avoidable. B. Kids ages 12 to14 lie more because they have less fun. C. The relationship between parents and kids stays the same. D. Both parents and kids should make changes to get on well. 解析：D 推理判断题。本题需要逐项排除。A 项意为“父母和孩子之间的分歧是
40、可以避免的。 ” ，根据第三段关键句 “Its common to disagree and argue,”可知“争吵和分歧是常见的” ，所以此项错误；B 项意为“12 到 14 岁的孩子撒谎更多，因为他们有更少的乐趣。 ” ，根据第六段关键句 Kids ages 12 to 14 not only said they lie more, but they also reported having less fun,可知撒谎更多与乐趣更少之间不是因果关系，故此项 错误；C 项意为“父母和孩子之间的关系保持不变” ，根据倒数第二段关键句“Kids and parents get along di
41、fferently at different times of the journey of life,”可知孩子在不同时期与父母之间的关系是不 同的， 故此项排除； D 项意为 “为了相处融洽， 父母和孩子都应该做出改变。 ” ， 根据最后一段关键句 Change is normal, she stresses.“改变是正常的”可知此项正确，故选 D。 精讲笔记 （学生在教师的指导下, 回顾本讲中积累的阅读理解的知识和方法） 语篇中积累的词汇（至少积累 10 个） 单词 词性及词义 单词的运用（鼓励学生用所学词汇造句） 语篇中的学到的方法（至少掌握 2 种） 细节理解 题 1、2、3 推理判
42、断 题 4 词义猜测 题 主旨大意 题 能能力提升力提升 基础过关 一、词汇/短语英汉互译 单词/短语 词性 词义 speak up adj. 在线的 get along with v. 不同意 v. 争论，辩论 respectfully adv. n. 讨论 adj. 冷静地，平静的 point out adj. 有耐心的 v. 说谎，躺 v. 避开，避免 wrong adj. v. 相信，信任 freedom n. 二、句子英汉互译 1. 当 UFO 着陆的时候，他正在购物。 _. 2. 我知道他是一名加拿大运动员。 _. 3. About two out of three kids sa
43、id they get along very well with their parents. _. 4. When they disagree with their parents, they say they have a discussion calmly. _. 5. Kids and parents get along differently at different times of the journey of life. _. 阅读练习 话题 体裁 字数 建议用时 实际用时 正确率 星级 广告布告类 说明文 353 7 分钟 _/4 Kids dont have a voice
44、. They have no way to share their ideas. TEDx Youth is a locally organized event, where live talks and recorded videos are shared with the community(社区). TEDx Youth is always held on Childrens Day every year. It brings together big ideas from, and for kids. More importantly, it encourages kids to sh
45、are their ideas with the world. “Age is but a number. Youre not too young to change the world. Planning an event alongside young people makes you realize that kids have ideas that an adult might usually not think of,” said one TEDx Youth speaker. Another speaker said, “What I have come to realize is
46、 that no matter where you live or how old you are, everyone is eager to be someone great.” Organizing a TEDx Youth event shows that kids are able to do much more than whats expected. They truly take this event and make it even more than what everyone hopes it will be. “The fact that youth, just like
47、 me, had planned and run the event shocked me most,” said one volunteer. “I thought the event was surprising. I couldnt believe that kids of my age made the event happen.” There are several ways to take part in TEDx Youth. The easiest way is to become a speaker, if you think your idea is worth spreading. Another way is to attend an event. And lastly, you can become a TEDx Youth Reporter. Reporters take pictures from the event and post them on line, and send news about what is happening
