1、People of AchievementUnit 1Period ThreeGrammarNon-restrictive relative clauses达标检测 当堂检测 基础达标演练语法导学 感悟规律 重点难点剖析内容索引内容索引感知以下课文原句,完成方框下的小题感知以下课文原句,完成方框下的小题1.This years Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou(co-winner),whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin,a cr
2、ucial new treatment for malaria.2.In the beginning,Tu Youyou went to Hainan,where malaria was more common,to study malaria patients.3.From their research,they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria.语法感知语 法 导 学感悟规律 重点难点剖析
3、4.Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract,she found a substance that worked.5.Later,the medicine was tested on malaria patients,most of whom recovered.6.This medicine,which was called artemisinin,soon became a standard treatment for malaria.1.句句 是非是非限制性定语从句,限制性定语从句,句句 是是限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句。2.句
4、句1中的关系词在定语从句中中的关系词在定语从句中作作 。3.句句2中的关系词在定语从句中中的关系词在定语从句中作作 。4.句句3、4、5、6中的关系词在定语从句中中的关系词在定语从句中作作 。1、2、5、63、4定语定语地点状语地点状语主语主语一、非限制性定语从句的用法一、非限制性定语从句的用法非限制性定语从句与先行词的关系并不十分密切,只是对主句的内容非限制性定语从句与先行词的关系并不十分密切,只是对主句的内容或先行词进行补充、解释或附加说明,缺少也不会影响对全句的理解。它或先行词进行补充、解释或附加说明,缺少也不会影响对全句的理解。它与主句或先行词之间一般用逗号隔开,常常单独翻译,没有它,
5、主句意思与主句或先行词之间一般用逗号隔开,常常单独翻译,没有它,主句意思仍然完整。引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有仍然完整。引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有as,which,who,whom,whose等,作定语从句的主语、宾语、表语及定语。关系副词有等,作定语从句的主语、宾语、表语及定语。关系副词有when,where等,作定语从句的状语。关系代词和关系副词在非限制性定语从句等,作定语从句的状语。关系代词和关系副词在非限制性定语从句中一般不能省略,注意:中一般不能省略,注意:that,why不用来引导非限制性定语从句。不用来引导非限制性定语从句。The sun,which rises in
6、the east,gives us heat and light.太阳从东方升起,带给我们光和热。太阳从东方升起,带给我们光和热。语法精析二、非限制性定语从句应注意的问题二、非限制性定语从句应注意的问题1.关系代词关系代词as和和which(1)关系代词关系代词as和和which既可引导限制性定语从句,也可引导非限制性定语从既可引导限制性定语从句,也可引导非限制性定语从句。句。as在从句中作主语或宾语,在从句中作主语或宾语,as引导的非限制性定语从句,既可在主句前,引导的非限制性定语从句,既可在主句前,又可在主句后,有时还可插入主句中;而又可在主句后,有时还可插入主句中;而which引导的非限
7、制性定语从句只引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。相同的是两者都可指代主句的整个内容。能置于主句之后。相同的是两者都可指代主句的整个内容。As is known to everybody,the moon travels around the earth.众所周知众所周知,月球绕着地球转。,月球绕着地球转。The weather turned out to be very good,which was more than we could expect.出乎我们意料的是,天气变得非常好。出乎我们意料的是,天气变得非常好。(2)当定语从句放在主句后面时,当定语从句放在主句后面时,as也并非永
8、远等于也并非永远等于which。当定语从句是否定句或表示否定时只能用当定语从句是否定句或表示否定时只能用which。He came here very late,which was unexpected.让人没想到的是,他来得非常晚。让人没想到的是,他来得非常晚。当当as在从句中作主语时,后面常接动词的被动语态,如:在从句中作主语时,后面常接动词的被动语态,如:be known,be said,be reported,be announced等。如果从句中的动词是主动语态,一等。如果从句中的动词是主动语态,一般用般用which作主语。作主语。She has been absent again,
9、as is expected.她她又缺席了,这在意料之中。又缺席了,这在意料之中。Tom has made great progress,which makes me very happy.汤汤姆取得了很大进步,这使我很高兴。姆取得了很大进步,这使我很高兴。as常用在常用在as seems likely,as often happens,as was said earlier,as I remember,as I understand,as appears等结构中,意思是等结构中,意思是“正如正如”。Jack has won the first prize,as often happens.正
10、如经常发生的那样,杰克得了一等奖。正如经常发生的那样,杰克得了一等奖。She has read widely in Romantic literature,as appears from her essay.她她广泛涉猎了浪漫主义文学,这从她的文章中可以看出来。广泛涉猎了浪漫主义文学,这从她的文章中可以看出来。as仍然保持作连词时常用的含义,意思是仍然保持作连词时常用的含义,意思是“和和一样一样”。David is very tall,as are my brothers.戴维很高,我的兄弟们也一样高。戴维很高,我的兄弟们也一样高。2.大多数关系代词和关系副词均可引导限制性和非限制性定语从句,
11、但大多数关系代词和关系副词均可引导限制性和非限制性定语从句,但that一般不用来引导非限制性定语从句。一般不用来引导非限制性定语从句。误:误:Wang Fang passed her exam,that surprised me a great deal.正:正:Wang Fang passed her exam,which surprised me a great deal.王芳通过了考试,这让我很吃惊王芳通过了考试,这让我很吃惊。3.关系代词的省略情况。不同的关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可关系代词的省略情况。不同的关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省略,而在非限制性定语从句中,所
12、有的关系词均不可省略。以省略,而在非限制性定语从句中,所有的关系词均不可省略。This is the pen(which/that)I bought yesterday.这这是我昨天买的钢笔。是我昨天买的钢笔。The pen,which I bought yesterday,has been given to my friend.我我昨天买的笔,现已送给我的朋友了昨天买的笔,现已送给我的朋友了。4.“介词关系代词介词关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句引导的非限制性定语从句“介词关系代词介词关系代词”既可引导限制性定语从句,也可引导非限制性定语从既可引导限制性定语从句,也可引导非限制性定语从句。句
13、。“介词介词which”有时还可以与关系副词有时还可以与关系副词where,when,why等互换;等互换;“介词介词whom/whose”在定语从句中没有与之对应的关系词可替代。在定语从句中没有与之对应的关系词可替代。He came to a farm,on which(where)he finally settled down.他他来到一个农场,并最终在那里定居。来到一个农场,并最终在那里定居。三、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的不同三、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的不同(1)限制性定语从句常紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后,主、从句之间不用限制性定语从句常紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后,主、
14、从句之间不用逗号隔开;而非限制性定语从句与先行词之间常用逗号隔开,并且逗号隔开;而非限制性定语从句与先行词之间常用逗号隔开,并且as引导引导的非限制性定语从句还可放在主句之前。的非限制性定语从句还可放在主句之前。His friend who works in Beijing visited him yesterday.(限制性定语从句限制性定语从句)His father,who works in Beijing,returned yesterday.(非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句)As you know,I dont like going out at weekends.(非限制性定语从句
15、非限制性定语从句)(2)限制性定语从句的先行词一般为单个名词或代词,而非限制性定语从限制性定语从句的先行词一般为单个名词或代词,而非限制性定语从句的先行词既可以是单个的名词或代词,也可以是整个句子。句的先行词既可以是单个的名词或代词,也可以是整个句子。He studied hard at school when he was young,which led to his success in his later life.(3)that可用来引导限制性定语从句,但一般不用来引导非限制性定语从句;可用来引导限制性定语从句,但一般不用来引导非限制性定语从句;引导限制性定语从句的关系代词,如果在从句
16、中作宾语,口语中常可以省引导限制性定语从句的关系代词,如果在从句中作宾语,口语中常可以省略;引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词,即使在从句中作宾语,一般也不略;引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词,即使在从句中作宾语,一般也不省略。省略。His English,which used to be very poor,is now excellent.(句中句中which不不可换成可换成that)This morning I met Tom,whom I hadnt seen for ages.(句中句中whom一般一般不省略不省略)返 回(4)翻译时限制性定语从句通常被翻译到先行词的前面,而非限制性定语翻
17、译时限制性定语从句通常被翻译到先行词的前面,而非限制性定语从句常常单独译成一句话放在主句之后,用来补充说明主句。从句常常单独译成一句话放在主句之后,用来补充说明主句。The new bicycle which my brother rides was bought this year.(限制性定语限制性定语从句从句)我哥哥骑着的那辆新自行车是今年买的。我哥哥骑着的那辆新自行车是今年买的。My brother rides a new bike,which was bought this year.(非限制性定语非限制性定语从句从句)我哥哥骑着一辆新自行车,这辆自行车是今年买的。我哥哥骑着一辆新自
18、行车,这辆自行车是今年买的。.单句语法填空单句语法填空1.Mr Smith,native language is English,can speak Chinese fluently.2.We will be shown around the city,schools and some other places,_ other visitors seldom go.3.The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year,80%of _ are sold abroad.4.is known to all,Madame Cur
19、ie won the Nobel Prize twice for her great scientific discoveries.达 标 检 测当堂检测 基础达标演练whosewherewhichAs5.This is Mr Smith,I think has something interesting to tell you.6.Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play,of course,made the others unhappy.7.I have invited some friends to the pa
20、rty,most of are from abroad.8.There are two buildings,the larger of stands nearly a hundred feet high.9.The children,wanted to play football,were disappointed when it rained.10.His likes Paris,he has lived for a long time.whowhichwhomwhichwhowhere.完成句子完成句子11.Last week I passed the examination,.上周上周我
21、通过了考试,那是很重要的考试。我通过了考试,那是很重要的考试。12.Tom sold his house,.汤姆卖掉了他的房子,这汤姆卖掉了他的房子,这(件事件事)使他的父亲很生气。使他的父亲很生气。13.The professor has two sons,are teaching in the same university.教授有两个儿子,他们都在同一所大学教书。教授有两个儿子,他们都在同一所大学教书。14.,he studies very hard.正如我们所知,他学习非常刻苦。正如我们所知,他学习非常刻苦。15.We will put off the outing until next week,.我们要把远足延期到下周,那时我们就不会这么忙了。我们要把远足延期到下周,那时我们就不会这么忙了。返 回which was importantwhich made his father very angryboth of whom As we all knowwhen we wont be so busy更多精彩内容请登录:本课结束