1、Unit2 English Around the World重点单词重点单词 1 adj.官方的；正式的；公务的 n.行政官员 n办公室 n公务员,军官 2 n航行；航海 3 adj.本国的；本地的n本地人；本国人(可数）4 adv.实际上；事实上 adj.officialofficeofficervoyageactually actualnative 5 vt.以为根据 n基部；基地；基础 6 adj.逐渐的；逐步的 adv.逐渐地；逐步地 7 n词汇；词汇量；词表 8 adj.较后的；后半的；(两者中)后者的 (反义词)base gradualgraduallyvocabulary lat
2、terformer重点短语重点短语1 因为；由于2 走近；上来；提出3 现在；目前4 利用；使用because of come upat presentmake use of5 例如例如；像这种的；像这种的such as1.official adj.官方的，正式的官方的，正式的 official language official news n.政府官员政府官员An important official will visit our school.officer n.军官军官He is an officer in the army.voyage:去国外或较远地方的去国外或较远地方的海上海上旅行
3、旅行journey:指指较远较远的从一地到另一地旅行的从一地到另一地旅行travel:一系列的旅程，尤指一系列的旅程，尤指旅行旅行的概念的概念trip:(短途短途)旅行旅行tour:为了公务、娱乐或教育参观多处名胜为了公务、娱乐或教育参观多处名胜 的旅行的旅行 2.voyage/journey/travel/trip/tour【练习练习】1).It is tiring to take a long _ by train fromParis to Moscow.2).The _ from England to Australia used to take several months.3).We
4、ll have time for a _ to France next weekend.4).We went on a guided _ round the castle.journeyvoyagetriptour3.because of后边加后边加名词或动名词短语名词或动名词短语 because是连词是连词,所以后边跟所以后边跟句子句子 He came to work late because he got up late.He came to work late because of getting up late.4.native adj.本土的本土的,本国的本国的,土生的土生的(+to
5、)The giant panda is native to China.The giant panda is a native of China.大熊猫是中国特有的动物。大熊猫是中国特有的动物。n.本地人本地人,本国人本国人Are you a native here,or just a visitor?你是本地人，你是本地人，或者只是游客或者只是游客?e up 上来上来,走近走近;被提出被提出;（植物）发芽（植物）发芽;（太（太阳）升起阳）升起come up to 地点地点 上某地来上某地来come up with 提出提出 想出想出He came up with a good idea in
6、 the meeting.问题在会议中被提出来了。问题在会议中被提出来了。The problem came up in the meeting.太阳太阳升起来升起来了。了。The sun came up.不曾不曾出现出现过这个问题。过这个问题。The question never came up.他他靠近靠近并和我们打招呼。并和我们打招呼。He came up and said hello to us.春天草会再度春天草会再度发芽发芽。The grass will come up again in e across 偶然遇到，发现，被理解偶然遇到，发现，被理解come about 发生发生co
7、me true 实现实现come back 回来，回来，恢复记忆恢复记忆come on 催促催促,快速运动快速运动;得了吧得了吧come out 出现，出版出现，出版,开花开花come in 进来进来come over 从一地到另一地从一地到另一地 1.His car _ the terrible traffic jam,so he had to call off his appointment with his doctor.A.came about B.came across C.came up D.come on 2.-How did it _ that you made such a
8、silly mistake?-I myself havent figured it out yet.A.bring about B.come about C.come across D.come on 6.base (1)n._Eg:Our companys base is in beijing.(2)vt._ 用法：base A on B A以B为基础 A be based on B A建于B基础之上Eg:(1)One should always base his opinion on facts.Ones opinion should always be based on facts.(2
9、)-What are you mailing,Linda?-A textbook_a new method of teaching physics.I want my friend to take a look at it.A.is based on B.based on C.basing on D.which based upon被动被动基础；基地；根基基础；基地；根基建于建于之上；以之上；以为基础为基础7.at present=at the moment present(adj.)现在的，目前的，可作前置定语出席的，在场的，可作后置定语the present situation/the p
10、eople presentbe present at the meetingpresent(n.)礼物礼物=gift presence n在场，出席在场，出席I was surprised by the presence of so many people at the meeting.这么多人出席会议使我感到吃惊。这么多人出席会议使我感到吃惊。【经典例题经典例题】All the people _ at the party were his supporters.(2002北京北京)A.present B.thankful C.interestedD.important【答案答案】A8.mak
11、e use of 利用 take advantage of make good use of _ make full use _ be made use ofeg:You must make good use of any chance to practise English.(2)The use you_time is really practical.A.make B.take C.make of D.take of 被动被动同义词同义词被动被动Any chance must be made good use of to practise english.好好利用好好利用充分利用充分利用
12、【联想联想】与与make有关的短语有关的短语 make friends with 和和交朋友交朋友 make fun of 取笑取笑make a decision 作出决定作出决定 make a face/faces 扮鬼脸扮鬼脸 make progress in 在在取得取得进步进步make a choice 9latter adj较后的，后面的，较后的，后面的，(两者中两者中)后者的后者的I find it hard to understand the latter part of his lecture我发现他的我发现他的讲座讲座后面部分很难理解。后面部分很难理解。Did he walk
13、 or swim across the river?The latter seems unlikely他是趟过河，还是游过河他是趟过河，还是游过河?后者似乎不可后者似乎不可能。能。【辨析辨析】late，later,latter,lately 1)late是形容词，表示是形容词，表示“迟到的，晚的迟到的，晚的”。如：如：You are late again!你又迟到了。你又迟到了。2)later可作形容词，是可作形容词，是late的比较级，意的比较级，意为为“更迟的，更后的更迟的，更后的”；也可作副词，意为也可作副词，意为“稍后，随后稍后，随后”，常，常与与on连用。如：连用。如：Ill tel
14、l you later.我以后再告诉你。我以后再告诉你。3)latter最常用的含义是最常用的含义是“两者中的两者中的(后者后者)”，常与常与the连用，固定搭配连用，固定搭配“the former，the latter”。如：。如：Here are Tom and David;the latter is my brother.这是汤姆和戴维这是汤姆和戴维;后者是我的兄弟。后者是我的兄弟。4)lately是副词，意为是副词，意为“近来，最近近来，最近recently”。如：。如：Have you been to Beijing lately?你最近去过北京吗你最近去过北京吗?【经典例题经典例题
15、】Did he go there by bike or on foot?The _ seems unlikely.A latter B late C later D lately 【经典例题经典例题】Every minute must be made full use of _ spoken English.A to practise B practicing C practice D practised 10.such as例如，诸如此类，像例如，诸如此类，像这样的这样的Ball games such as basketball and football are very exciting球
16、类运动，如篮球和足球，都很激动人心。球类运动，如篮球和足球，都很激动人心。【辨析辨析】such as,for example1)such as用于列举同类人或事物中的用于列举同类人或事物中的若干若干 例子，但不能全部列出。如：例子，但不能全部列出。如：Mr Wang is good at several foreign languages，such as English and French王先生精通好几门外语，比如英语和法语。王先生精通好几门外语，比如英语和法语。2)for example一般只列举几类人或事物一般只列举几类人或事物中的中的一个一个”，其位置可在句首、句，其位置可在句首、句中
17、或句末，经常用中或句末，经常用逗号逗号分开。如：分开。如：Mr Wang is good at several foreign languages，for example，English王先生精通好几门外语，比如英语。王先生精通好几门外语，比如英语。【经典例题经典例题】Many famous singers,_ Wang Fei and SHE,have acted in films.A such B for example C that is D such as用such as，for example填(1)What would you do if you met a wild animal
18、a lion，_?(2)The farmer grows various kinds of crops，_wheat，corn，cotton and rice.(3)Matter may be invisible；air，_，is this kind of the matter.for examplesuch asfor example command n.&v.命令；指令；掌握command sb.to do sth 命令某人做某事The officer commanded his soldiers to fire.那名军官命令士兵们开火。command后接that从句时要用虚拟语气老师命令
19、他离开教室。The teacher commanded that he(should)go outof the classroom.be under sbs command 在某人的指挥之下have a good command of 精通3.He commanded that all the gates _.A.should shut C.would be shut B.shut D.be shut3.request n.&v.请求；要求请求；要求 I requested him to help.我请求他帮忙。request sb.to do sth.要求某人做某事request that
20、sb(should)do 要求某人做某事 He requested me _(write)a letter of recommendation.He requested that I _(write)a letter of recommendation.The passengers _(request)to show their passports.to write(should)writeare requested像像command一样，其后的名词性一样，其后的名词性从句从句的谓语的谓语用用“(should)+动词原形动词原形”的常用词有：的常用词有：一个一个“坚持坚持(insist)”；两
21、个两个“命令命令(order，command)”；三个三个“建议建议(suggest，advise，propose)”；四个四个“要求要求(demand，ask，require，request)”；5.play a part in在在中起作用，中起作用，在在中扮演角色中扮演角色The computer is playing a more and more important part in our daily life电脑在我们的日常生活中正起着越来越电脑在我们的日常生活中正起着越来越重要的作用。重要的作用。She was unhappy because she played a small
22、part in the play她不开心是因为她在戏中扮演一个小角她不开心是因为她在戏中扮演一个小角色。色。【联想联想】与与play a part in意思相同的短语意思相同的短语 有有play a role in。【经典例题经典例题】The new economic development zone will _ in the development of the area.A play a leading part B take part C play leading part D take a part【答案答案】A 6.a number of意思是意思是“一些，若干一些，若干”（=so
23、me），后接可数），后接可数名词复数名词复数或代词，或代词，谓语动词用谓语动词用复数复数形式。形式。表示数量大或小：表示数量大或小：a large/small number of 许多许多/少数少数）【辨析辨析】a number of,the number of the number of “的数字的数字/数目数目”，当它作主语时，谓语动词用当它作主语时，谓语动词用单数单数。Many people took part in 10,000-metre race,but only a number of them kept on running to the end.许多人参加了许多人参加了100
24、00米跑，但只有一些人米跑，但只有一些人坚持跑到底。坚持跑到底。A number of my friends think I should take a holiday.我的一些朋友认为我应该休假。我的一些朋友认为我应该休假。The number of students is about twenty.学生人数大约是学生人数大约是20人左右。人左右。【经典例题经典例题】A number of people_ been invited to the party,but the exact number _ still unknown.A has;is B have;are C has;are D
25、 have;is Key Sentences1Later in the next century,people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world and because of that，English began to be spoken in many other countries后来，在下个世纪，英国人开后来，在下个世纪，英国人开始航海征服世界其他地区。许多别的国家始航海征服世界其他地区。许多别的国家因此而开始说英语。因此而开始说英语。(1)注意注意voyage是可数名词，常和是可数名词，常和mak
26、e搭搭配构成配构成make a voyage to或或make voyages to，表，表 示示“航行到航行到”。单数表示一次。单数表示一次航行。航行。(2)初中学过初中学过because表示表示“因为因为”，与，与because of的区别是：的区别是：because是连词，后是连词，后面要跟句子，多作原因状语从句；面要跟句子，多作原因状语从句；because of中中of是介词，后面只能跟名词或是介词，后面只能跟名词或代词或代词或ving作宾语。试比较：作宾语。试比较：Because it was raining outside，we stayed at home=Because of
27、the rain outside,we stayed at home因为外面下着雨，所以我们就呆在家里。因为外面下着雨，所以我们就呆在家里。【经典例题经典例题】We must not lose heart only _ the difficulty we are faced with.A because B because of C since D as【答案答案】B 2.Native English speakers can understand each other even if they dont speak the same kind of English.以英语以英语作为母语的人，
28、即使他们所讲的语言不作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以相互理解。尽相同，也可以相互理解。句中句中“even if they dont speak the same kind of English”是让步状语从句。如：是让步状语从句。如：They will stand by you even ifthough you dont succeed即使你不成功，他们也将支持你。即使你不成功，他们也将支持你。even if是一个连词短语，引导让步状语是一个连词短语，引导让步状语从句，含义是从句，含义是“即使；尽管即使；尽管”。当让步。当让步状语从句的动词用一般现在时表示将来状语从句的动词用
29、一般现在时表示将来的假设或一般的行为习惯时，通常用的假设或一般的行为习惯时，通常用even if或或even though。两者意思一样，。两者意思一样，用法也一样。用法也一样。【经典例题经典例题】_ I fail this time,I would try again.A If only B Even if C whether D As if【答案答案】B 3Believe it or not，there is no such thing as standard English信不信由你，没有标信不信由你，没有标准英语这样的东西。准英语这样的东西。1)believe it or not意为意
30、为“信不信由你信不信由你”，常，常在句中作插入语。如：在句中作插入语。如：Believe it or not，John will go abroad for further study next month信不信由你，约翰下个月就要出国深造了。信不信由你，约翰下个月就要出国深造了。【联想学习联想学习】常见的插入语有：常见的插入语有：1)to tell you the truth实话告诉你实话告诉你 To tell you the truth，Ill spend my summer vacation in Yunnan实话告诉你吧，我将在云南度过暑假。实话告诉你吧，我将在云南度过暑假。2)gen
31、erally speaking一般说来一般说来Generally speaking，language learning needs a lot of practice一般说来，语言的学习需要大量的实践。一般说来，语言的学习需要大量的实践。3)you knowyou see你知道你知道You see，my car broke down on the way你知道，我的车在途中坏了。你知道，我的车在途中坏了。4)I think我认为我认为His coat，I think，is really strange 他的外套，我认为，实在古怪。他的外套，我认为，实在古怪。【经典例题经典例题】It is so
32、 nice to hear from her._,we last met more than 30 years ago.A Whats more B Thats to say C In other words D Believe it or not【答案答案】D (2)no such thing意为意为“没有这样的事情没有这样的事情”。such与与no,any,all,some,another,one，many，a few,a little等词连用时，常置于等词连用时，常置于这些词之后。如：这些词之后。如：There is no such person in our school我们学校没有这
33、样的人。我们学校没有这样的人。I have met many such people我遇见过我遇见过许多这样的人。许多这样的人。【经典例题经典例题】We have _ book you are looking for.A such no B no such C not such D no such a【答案答案】B 4The USA is a large country in which many different dialects are spoken美国是一个使用多种方言的大国。美国是一个使用多种方言的大国。in which引导定语从句修饰先行词引导定语从句修饰先行词country，关系
34、代词，关系代词which作介词作介词in的宾的宾语，语，in which在定语从句中作地点状语，在定语从句中作地点状语，可用可用where代替。如：代替。如：The factory in which he once worked has been dosed down他曾经工作过的工厂已被关闭。他曾经工作过的工厂已被关闭。在在“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引导的定语从句中，引导的定语从句中，应根据句意与搭配的需要选择正确的介应根据句意与搭配的需要选择正确的介词或短语介词。如：词或短语介词。如：He studies in the school at the back of which there
35、 is a river.他在背后有条河流的那所学校学习。他在背后有条河流的那所学校学习。Can you see the new building on the top of which flies a red flag?你能看见到那座楼顶飘着一面红旗的新你能看见到那座楼顶飘着一面红旗的新大楼吗大楼吗?【经典例题经典例题】The pen _he is writing is mine.A.with which B.in which C.on which D.by which This is the reason _he didnt come to the meeting.A.in which B.
36、with which C.that D.for which【答案答案】A【答案答案】D 5.Well，go round the corner on your left-hand side-straight on and cross two streets哦，在拐角处向左拐，照直向前走。穿哦，在拐角处向左拐，照直向前走。穿过两条街道。过两条街道。straight adv直接；挺直直接；挺直 adj直的；笔直的；正直的直的；笔直的；正直的Go straight down the road and then turn left沿着这条路一直走，然后左转。沿着这条路一直走，然后左转。He went t
37、o bed straight after supper他晚饭后直接去睡了。他晚饭后直接去睡了。His friend is a tallslim girl with a straight nose他的朋友是位鼻子挺直、身材高而苗条的他的朋友是位鼻子挺直、身材高而苗条的姑娘。姑娘。As you know，his uncle is a straight man如你所知，他的叔叔是一个正直的人。如你所知，他的叔叔是一个正直的人。【经典例题经典例题】-Lucy doesnt have curly hair.-Yes,we can say she has _ hair.A nice B blonde C
38、short D straight【答案答案】D.翻译下列必背短语 1.在在中担任角色，在中担任角色，在中起作用中起作用 _ 2.充分利用充分利用 _ 3.因为，由于因为，由于 _ 4.信不信由你信不信由你 _ 5.走近，上来走近，上来 _ 6.例如，像这种的例如，像这种的 _ 7.以以为基础为基础 _ 8.与与不同不同 _ 9.即使；尽管即使；尽管 _ 10.大量的，许多大量的，许多 _ play a role/part in such as be based on be different from even if/even though because of believe it or n
39、ot come up make good/full use of a(large)number of Grammar直接引语和间接引语直接引语和间接引语(II)直接引语表示请求、命令、提议时，变直接引语表示请求、命令、提议时，变为间接引语看似简单，但使用起来要视为间接引语看似简单，但使用起来要视句义、功能与说话者的语气、态度选择句义、功能与说话者的语气、态度选择恰当的动词。学习时，应着重注意以下恰当的动词。学习时，应着重注意以下几个方面：几个方面：1直接引语为祈使句，若表达请求、直接引语为祈使句，若表达请求、命令、要求、告知、鼓励等意思，在命令、要求、告知、鼓励等意思，在变为间接引语时，通常将
40、祈使句的动变为间接引语时，通常将祈使句的动词原形变成动词不定式，并视句意在词原形变成动词不定式，并视句意在动词不定式前加上动词不定式前加上asktellorder,advise，invite，warn，beg，offer,encourage等动词，祈使句中的等动词，祈使句中的please在间接引语中不再出现。如：在间接引语中不再出现。如：“Please speak English in class，the teacher said to usThe teacher asked us to speak English in classBe careful with strangers,Mr Br
41、own said to herMr Brown warned her to be careful with strangers “Mrs Smith，let me carry the heavy box for you，”said MikeMike offered to carry the heavy box for Mrs Smith若祈使句为否定式，改为间接引语时应将若祈使句为否定式，改为间接引语时应将dont改为改为not to或或never to。如：。如：“Dont forget to turn off the light，”Mother said to TomMother aske
42、d Tom not to forget to turn off the light 2如果直接引语是表示劝告、建议的祈使如果直接引语是表示劝告、建议的祈使 句或疑问句，变为间接引语时，可以用句或疑问句，变为间接引语时，可以用suggest doing或或suggest that结构。如：结构。如：Wang Ping said，“Lets take a walk after supper.”Wang Ping suggested taking a walk after supper或：或：Wang Ping suggested that we should take a walk after s
43、upper “Shall we listen to the music?”he said to me.He suggested listening to the music或：或：He suggested that we should listen to the music3如果直接引语是表示请求的疑问句，如果直接引语是表示请求的疑问句，变为间接引语时，通常用变为间接引语时，通常用“askadvise+sb+不定式结构不定式结构”。如：。如：“Will you help me with my lessons?Mary said to Jane Mary asked Jane to help h
44、er with her lessons“Would you mind moving over a bit?”she said to meShe asked me to move over a bit 4最后我们简单学习一下感叹句变间接引最后我们简单学习一下感叹句变间接引语的方法。由语的方法。由what或或how引导的感叹句变为引导的感叹句变为间间接引语时，可用接引语时，可用what或或how引导，也可以用引导，也可以用that引导。如：引导。如：“What a beautiful dress it is!”she saidShe said what a beautiful dress it was或：或：She said that it was a beautiful dress
