1、一般现在时非单三人称：动词原形或单三人称：动词ess一直以来的习惯动作；目前状态；规律 动词第三人称单数的变化规则动词第三人称单数的变化规则1、直接在动词后、直接在动词后+s like-likes play-plays2、以、以s,x,sh,ch,接尾的动词：接尾的动词：+es wash-washes3、以辅音、以辅音+o接尾的动词：接尾的动词：+es go-goes4、以辅音、以辅音+y接尾的动词：变接尾的动词：变y为为i+es fly-flies1)经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语语everyday,often,always,once
2、a week,seldom,usually等连用。等连用。I leave home for school at 7 every morning.He cycles to work every day.2)客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。The earth moves around the sun.Shanghai lies in the east of China.Water boils at 100 centigrade degrees.3)表示格言或警句中。表示格言或警句中。Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。失败是
3、成功之母。4)现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。I dont want so much.Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.写出下列动词在句中的适当形式：写出下列动词在句中的适当形式：1 1）We _(love)sports.We _(love)sports.2 2）She _(sing)well.She _(sing)well.3 3）Tom and John _(watch)TV Tom and John _(watch)TV every evening.every evening.4
4、4）My son _(go)to school by bike.My son _(go)to school by bike.5 5）Their teacher usually _(walk)to Their teacher usually _(walk)to school.school.6 6）Five plus two _(make)seven.Five plus two _(make)seven.7 7）They all _(like)him.They all _(like)him.8 8）The sun _(fall)in the west.The sun _(fall)in the w
5、est.lovesingswatchgoeswalksmakeslikefalls一般过去时 过去动作、过去习惯、过去状态 一般在词尾加一般在词尾加 ed ask asked;help helped e.g.They asked me the time just now.以以 e 结尾直接加结尾直接加 d arrive arrived e.g.I arrived late this morning.以重读闭音节结尾的，则双写以重读闭音节结尾的，则双写 plan planned e.g.We planned to go to the party.以辅音字母以辅音字母 y 结尾，去结尾，去 y 变
6、变 i 加加 ed。如 try tried;study studied e.g.He tried to climb the tree,but he could not.例：例：go went drink drank eat ate see saw不规则动词表不规则动词表goam/isarebeginmeetwritebuildbuycanhave/hastakecatchcomedoswimdrinkdriveeatgetseewas werebeganmetwrotebuiltboughtcouldcaughtcamedidswamdrankdroveategotwenthadtookspe
7、ndspentleaveleftsaw1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有：时间状语有：yesterday,last week,an hour ago,the other day,in 1982等。等。I saw Tom in the street yesterday.I bought this TV set in Beijing last year.2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。When I was a child,I often played football
8、 in the street.He always went to work by bus.一、单项选择：一、单项选择：()1 My father_ill(生病的生病的)yesterday A isnt B arent C wasnt D werent()2 _your parents at home last week A Is B Was C Are D Were()3.The twins(双胞胎双胞胎)_in Dalian last year.They_here now A are;were B were;are C was;are D were;wasCDB()4._your fathe
9、r at work the day_yesterday A Was;before B Is;before C Was;after D Is;after ()5 Who was on duty(值日值日)last Friday _ A I am B I was C Yes,I was D No,I wasnt AB 一般将来时will do 将要发生、意志决心、临时 决定、总是发生am/is/are going to do 事前做出的安排或打算；迹象表明要发生1)shall用于第一人称，常被用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。在
10、陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。Which paragraph shall I read first？Will you be at home at seven this evening?2)be going to+不定式，表示将来。不定式，表示将来。a.主语的意图，即将做某事或打算做某事。主语的意图，即将做某事或打算做某事。What are you going to do tomorrow?b.计划，安排要发生的事。计划，安排要发生的事。The play is going to be produced next month.c.有迹象要发生的事有迹象要发生的事Look at t
11、he dark clouds;there is going to be a storm.3)be+不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。We are to discuss the report next Saturday.4)be about to+不定式，意为马上做某事。不定式，意为马上做某事。He is about to leave for Beijing.be about to 不能与不能与tomorrow,next week 等表示明确将来时的等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。时间状语连用。用于条件句时，用于条件句时，be going to表
12、将来，表将来，will表意愿。例如：表意愿。例如：If you are going to make a journey,youd better get ready for it as soon as possible.Now if you will take off your clothes,we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。而表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。而be going to 则表示主则表示主观的打算或计划。例如：观的打算或计划。例如：I am to play
13、football tomorrow afternoon.(客观安排客观安排)Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon.(主观安排主观安排)练一练：练一练：A、根据中文，完成句子，每空一词。、根据中文，完成句子，每空一词。1）我打算明天和我的朋友去旅行。）我打算明天和我的朋友去旅行。I go on a trip with my friends tomorrow.或者：或者：I go on a trip with my friends tomorrow.2）下个星期一你打算去干嘛）下个星期一你打算去干嘛?我想去打篮球。我想去打篮球。-What nex
14、t Monday?-I play basketball.或者：或者：-What you do next Monday?-I play basketball.3）你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。）你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。-your mother go shopping this?-Yes,she .She buy some fruit.Practiceam going towillare you going to doam going towillwillIs going toweekendIs is going to过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间看将要发生的
15、动作或存在的状态。过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。它是一个相对的时态，即立足于过去某时，从过去的某一时间看即它是一个相对的时态，即立足于过去某时，从过去的某一时间看即将发生的事情就要用这一时态。将发生的事情就要用这一时态。1)He said his mother would buy a bike for him1)He said his mother would buy a bike for him 2)My brother told me he wouldnt believe Jack any more.2)My brother told me he wouldn
16、t believe Jack any more.3)Would it be all right if he knew his illness?3)Would it be all right if he knew his illness?wouldwouldshouldshould动词原形动词原形（其中（其中 would would 用于各种人称，用于各种人称，should should 常用于第一人称）。常用于第一人称）。例如：例如：They were sure they would win the final victoryThey were sure they would win the
17、final victory他们坚信会赢得最后胜利。他们坚信会赢得最后胜利。He didnt expect that we shouldHe didnt expect that we should（wouldwould）all be thereall be there他没想到我们都在那里。他没想到我们都在那里。He said he was going to tryHe said he was going to try 他说他准备试试。他说他准备试试。They said the railway was to be opened to traffic on May They said the rai
18、lway was to be opened to traffic on May DayDay 他们说这条铁路将在五一节通车。他们说这条铁路将在五一节通车。We were about to go out when it began to rainWe were about to go out when it began to rain 我们正要出去天（突然）下起雨来。我们正要出去天（突然）下起雨来。I didnt know when they were coming againI didnt know when they were coming again 我不知道他们什么时候再来。我不知道他们
19、什么时候再来。1.Jenny said she _her holiday in China.A.spent B.would spentC.was going to spent D.would spend 2.What did your son say in the letter?He told me that he _ the Disney World the next day.A.will visit B.has visited C.is going to visit D.would visit 3.Father said that he _ me to Beijing the next y
20、ear.A.took B.would takeC.takes D.will take 4.We were not sure whether they _ more vegetables.A.are going to grow B.were going to growC.will grow D.have grown DDBB5.She _ to work when the telephone rang.A.is going B.will go C.was about to go D.is to go1.Miss Zhang said she _ _(visit)the Great Wall ne
21、xt summer.2.She told him that she_ _ _ (not stay)here for long.3.I wasnt sure whether Lucy_ (come)the next year.4.She said the bus _ (leave)at five the next morning.5.He was fifty-six.In two years he _ _(be)fifty-eight.would visitedwould not stayed would comewould leftwould beC现在进行时am/is/are doing（V
22、-ing现在分词)目前或现阶段正在发生、一直或断续发生、将要发生25readlisten drinkhavemakewriteswimrun readinglistening drinkinghavingmakingwritingswimming running n直接直接+ingingn以不发音以不发音e e结尾的结尾的动词，去动词，去 e+inge+ing：n 以重读闭音节结以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写音字母的动词，双写这个辅音字母这个辅音字母+ing+ing：27n直接直接+ing：reading listening cleaning drinki
23、ng write-writing make-making give-giving havehaving come-comingn 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写这个辅音字以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写这个辅音字母母+ing：getting letting running putting swimming n以不发音以不发音e结尾的动词，去结尾的动词，去 e+ing：即即学学即即练练 do_ watch_ clean _ read_ eat_ play_ hav_ writ_ run _ swim_ing ing ing ing ing ing ning
24、ming ing eeing 1.表示现在表示现在(指说话人说话时指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。例如：正在发生的事情。例如：We are waiting for you.2.习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。例如：进行。例如：Mr.Green is writing another novel.(说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)She is learning piano under Mr.Smith.3.表示渐变的动词有：表示渐变的动词有：get,grow,become,tur
25、n,run,go,begin等。等。The leaves are turning red.Its getting warmer and warmer.4.与与always,constantly,forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。You are always changing your mind.如：如：have,belong,possess,cost,owe,exist,include,contain,matter,weigh,measure,continue I ha
26、ve two brothers.This house belongs to my sister.如：如：know,realize,think see,believe,suppose,imagine,agree,recognize,remember,want,need,forget,prefer,mean,understand,love,hate I need your help.He loves her very much.如：如：accept,receive,complete,finish,give,allow,decide,refuse.I accept your advice.如：如：s
27、eem,remain,lie,see,hear,smell,feel,taste,get,become,turn You seem a little tired.过去进行时was/were doing过去时刻或阶段正在发生、一直或断续发生、将要发生 1）概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。）概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。2）过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作）过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。3)常用的时间状语有：常用的时间状语有：this morning,the whole mo
28、rning,all day yesterday,from nine to ten last evening,when,while 例句：例句：My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.It was raining when they left the station.When I got to the top of the mountain,the sun was shining.1)Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger.A.made B.is making C.wa
29、s making D.makes答案答案C.割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同时，割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同时，when表时表时间的同时性，间的同时性，玛丽在做衣服时玛丽在做衣服时提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。进行时。2)As she _ the newspaper,Granny _ asleep.A.read;was fallingB.was reading;fell C.was reading;was fallingD.read;fell答案答案B.句中的句中的as=when,while，意为，意为当当之时之时。描述一件事发。描述一件事
30、发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为发生。句意为 在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。句中的句中的 fell(fall的过的过去时去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。1.Look!How wonderful my car is!Oh,Jack.What are you thinking about?Dont you like it?Im sorry I _ any remark about it in time.I certainly th
31、ink its smart.A.wasnt making B.dont make C.wont make D.didnt make2.To find the street where I lived in my childhood is no easy task because the city _ so rapidly all these years.A.is changing B.has changed C.will have changed D.will change3.He _ quite well,but he hasnt had time to swim since this su
32、mmer.A.will swim B.have swum C.swam D.swims4.Jimmy said that he would come to pick me up,but he _by now.A.hasnt turned up B.doesnt turn up C.wont turn up D.hadnt turned up5.Im terribly sorry for being late,but I _ the wrong bus.A.catch B.had caught C.caught D.catching7.The truth,sir,is that the old
33、man _ across the road when my car hit him.A.was to walk B.had been walking C.walked D.was walking8.I really dont think Rose will be upset,but I will go and see her in case she _.A.is B.does C.will be D.has been9.The computers made by our company sell best,but several years ago no one could have imag
34、ined the role in the markets that they _.A.were playing B.were to play C.had played D.played10.Kate is in hospital.Oh,really?I _._ visit her.A.didnt know;Ill go and B.dont know;Ill go andC.dont know;Im going to D.didnt know;Im going to11.Where _ the guidebook?I cant see it anywhere.I _ it right here
35、,but now its gone.A.did you put;have put B.had you put;have putC.have you put;put D.were you putting;put14.Do you live in this city?No,we _ it for holidays.A.just visit B.just visited C.are just visiting D.have visited15.How is the old man now?Sorry,he _ though they did all they could to save him.A.
36、was dead B.had died C.has been dead D.died16.The lake will be further polluted unless some measures _.A.will be taken B.are taken C.were taken D.had been taken 17.Im afraid it will be two months _.A.when I come back B.when Ill come back C.before I come back D.before Ill come back18.The workers _ bus
37、ily when the boss came to look for something he _ in the office.A.had worked,had left B.were working;had left C.working;had left D.had worked;left21.The notice _“No smoking”.A.is told B.reads C.tells D.is read现在完成时：have/has done（过去分词）关注“过去事件”对现在的影响或结果；对经历经验的总结助动词助动词have(has)+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词注：注：has 用于
38、第三人称单数，用于第三人称单数，have 用于其他所有人称。用于其他所有人称。（1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词的影响或结果。通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词just，already,before,yet,never,ever等状语连用。例如：等状语连用。例如：I have never heard of that before.Have you ever ridden a horse?She has already finished the work.Have you m
39、ilked the cow yet?Yes,I have done that already.Ive just lost my science book.（2）现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在）现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在,也许还会持续下也许还会持续下去的动作或状态。可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括现去的动作或状态。可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括现在在内）的一段时间的状语连用。在在内）的一段时间的状语连用。如：如：for和和since，以及，以及 so far,now,today,this week(month,year)等。等。I havent seen h
40、er these days.She has learnt English for 3 years.They have lived here since 1990.What has happened to the USA in the last 350 years?注意：表示短暂时间动作的词，如注意：表示短暂时间动作的词，如come,go,die,marry,buy等的完等的完成时不能与成时不能与for,since等表示一段时间的短语连用。等表示一段时间的短语连用。Ill go to your home when I have finished my homework.If it has sto
41、pped snowing in the morning,well go to the park.have/has been(to)表示表示“曾经去过曾经去过”某地，说话时此人很可能某地，说话时此人很可能不在那里，已经回来。侧重指经历。不在那里，已经回来。侧重指经历。have/has gone(to)表示某人表示某人“已经去了已经去了”某地，说话时此人在某地，说话时此人在那里，或可能在路上，反正不在这里。那里，或可能在路上，反正不在这里。He has been to Beijing.他曾去过北京。他曾去过北京。（人已回来，可能在这儿）（人已回来，可能在这儿）He has gone to Beij
42、ing.他已经去了北京。他已经去了北京。（人已走，不在这儿）。（人已走，不在这儿）。1）过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强）过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。强调的是影响。2）过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊）过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语有：一般过去时的时间状语有：yesterday,last week，
43、ago,in1980,in October,just now,具体的时间状语。具体的时间状语。共同的时间状语有：共同的时间状语有：this morning,tonight,this April,now,once，before,already,recently，lately等。等。现在完成时的时间状语有：现在完成时的时间状语有：for,since,so far,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,up to now,in past years,always,等不确定的时间状语。等不确定的时间状语。I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了
44、。）（强调看的动作发生过了。）I have seen this film.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）She has returned from Paris.（她已从巴黎回来了。）（她已从巴黎回来了。）She returned yesterday.（她是昨天回来了。）（她是昨天回来了。）He has been in the League for three years.(在团内的状态可延续在团内的状态可延续)He joined the League three years ago.(三年前入团，三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。为短
45、暂行为。)注意：注意：句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday,last week,in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。例如：）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。例如：（错）（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（对）（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.延续动词表示经验、经历；延续动词表示经验、经历；瞬间动词表示行为的结果，不能与瞬间动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。表示段的时间状语连用。He
46、has completed the work.他已完成了那项工作。他已完成了那项工作。(表结果表结果)Ive known him since then.我从那时起就认识他了。我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历表经历)延续动词用于肯定句，表示延续动词用于肯定句，表示“做做直到直到”；瞬间动词用；瞬间动词用于否定句，表示于否定句，表示“到到，才，才”。He didnt come back until ten oclock.他到他到10 点才回来。点才回来。He slept until ten oclock.他一直睡到他一直睡到10点。点。(一一)当句中有当句中有never,ever,just,alre
47、ady,yet,before等时，常用现在完成时。等时，常用现在完成时。1.-Mum,may I go out and play basketball?-_you_ your homework yet?A.Do;finish B.Are;finishing C.Did;finish D.Have;finished 2.-_ you _anywhere before?-Yes,but I cant remember where I_ A.Did;surf;surfed B.Have;surfed;surfed C.Did;surf;have surfed D.Have;surfed;have s
48、urfed当句中有当句中有for+段时间段时间或或since+点点时间时间等时，主句常用现在完成时，等时，主句常用现在完成时，谓语动词必须是延续性动词谓语动词必须是延续性动词 1.His brother has been to Stone Forest twice_he came to Yunnan.A.after B.before C.since D.for 2.Tom_the CD player for two weeks.A.has lent B.has borrowed C.has bought D.has had 3.I_a letter from him since he left
49、.A.didnt receive B.havent got C.didnt have D.havent heard1.You dont need to describe her.I _ her several times.A.had met B.have met C.met D.meet；首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不；首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，用描述。再次，several times告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。完成时。2.-Im sorry to keep you waiting.-Oh,n
50、ot at all.I _ here only a few minutes.A.have been B.had been C.was D.will be；等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时。等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时。过去完成时：had done 过去的时间或事件之前所发生的事情，即“过去的过去”1、概念：表示过去的过去。、概念：表示过去的过去。-|-|-|-那时以前那时以前 那时那时 现在现在 2、过去完成时的用法：、过去完成时的用法：（1）过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或者某一动作之前完成的动）过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或者某一动作之前完成的动作或状态；句中
