1、The London Congestion Charge 从经典篇目中学习行文逻辑及结构LagosBeijingSao PaoloLondon开宗明义 层次化说明问题的表现形式 Beijing isnt the only city with traffic problems.You can get struck in a traffic jam anywhere in the world.The worst problem occur in cities which are growing fast,such as Sao Paolo in Brazil and Lagos in Nigeri
2、a.But even cities in developed countries such as the US suffer.Los Angeles,which was built with the motor car in mind,and is famous for its six-lane highways,is now the USAs most congested city.开宗明义 层次化说明问题的表现形式 isnt the only city with traffic problems.The worst problem occur in cities which are gro
3、wing fast,such as in Brazil and in Nigeria.But even cities in developed countries such as the US suffer.,which was built with the motor car in mind,and is famous for its six-lane highways,is now the USAs most congested city.You can get struck in a traffic jam anywhere in the world.BeijingSao PaoloLa
4、gosLos Angeles中心句现象问题的表象：交通拥堵已经成为一种全球现象承上启下问题的现实影响引出对策 In Europe most capital cities were planned and built before cars,and city centre traffic jams have been part of daily life for a long time.The situation in central London,where drivers spent fifty percent of their time in queues,became so bad th
5、at the local government decided to do something about it.In February 2003 the Mayor of London,Ken Livingstone,introduced a“congestion charge”a tax for cars entering the centre of the city.承上启下问题的现实影响引出对策 most capital cities were planned and built before cars,and for a long time.The situation in cent
6、ral ,where drivers spent fifty percent of their time in queues,became so bad that the local government decided to do something about it.In February 2003 of London,Ken Livingstone,introduced a a tax for cars entering the centre of the city.In Europe city centre traffic jams have been part of daily li
7、feLondonthe Mayor“congestion charge”中心句对策问题及对策：市中心的拥堵问题日益严峻，市政厅提出对策铺陈就叙详细阐述对策的具体内容 The idea is simple:every car coming into the center has to pay 5 a day.Drivers can pay the charge at any of 1,000 pay points in the capital before 10 pm.As the cars come into the centre,video cameras record their regi
8、stration numbers,and these are checked with a list of drivers who have paid the charge for that day.People who do not pay the charge will face a fine of 80.铺陈就叙详细阐述对策的具体内容 Drivers can at any of 1,000 pay points in the capital before 10 pm.As the cars come into the centre,video cameras their registra
9、tion numbers,and these with a list of drivers who have paid the charge for that day.People who will face a fine of 80.The idea is simple:every car coming into the centre has to pay 5 a day.pay the chargerecordare checked do not pay the charge中心句内容对策的具体内容：进入市中心需缴税，全程监控，违者高额罚款欲扬先抑侧面反映对策的社会反响 Most Lond
10、oners are not happy with the idea.They agree that London has a traffic problem,but the congestion charge is expensive,and limits their freedom Question1：Does this stand for the authors opinion？Question2：Do you think we can change the place of the 4th and 5th paragraph?欲扬先抑侧面反映对策的社会反响 They that Londo
11、n has a traffic problem,but the congestion charge is ,and limits their Most Londoners are not happy with the idea.agreeexpensivefreedom中心句反响 Answer1：No,it does not.（在阅读理解中，“作者支持哪种观点？”的问题很容易因本段所处的段落位置及观点被误判）Answer2：It depends on what we are going to emphasize on.（从行文布局角度看，本段中的社会反响与政策相左，正与下段所说明的对策实际效果
12、形成鲜明对比，行文力度就在于此。）社会反响：民众因“收费高”和“限制自由”不满意市政厅对策有理有据用事实说话反映对策社会效应 But does the congestion charge work?A survey carried out at the end of 2003 suggests it does.After only six months,traffic coming into central London was reduced by about 30 percent,and journey times by 15 percent.More people used public
13、 transport to get to work,and bicycles were suddenly very popular.Whats more,central London shops did not lose business even though there were fewer cars.有理有据用事实说话反映对策社会效果 A survey carried out at the end of 2003 suggests it does.After only six months,coming into central London was by about 30 percen
14、t,and journey times by 15 percent.More people to get to work,were suddenly very popular.Whats more,central London shops did not lose business even though there were fewer cars.But does the congestion charge work?trafficreducedused public transportand bicycles中心句现实对策效果：交通量大幅减少，更多人开始使用公共交通工具或自行车Q？意味深长
15、用观念与现实的矛盾引发思考 But there are a few people who think the charge should be much higher,for example rich businessmen who work in the city centre and can easily afford it.This would keep even more cars out of centre London,and the roads would be nearly empty.However,there are no plans to increase the cha
16、rge.意味深长用观念与现实的矛盾引发思考 ,for example rich businessmen who work in the city centre and can easily afford it.This would keep even more cars out of centre London,and the roads would be nearly empty.,there are no plans to increase the charge.But there are a few people who think the charge should be much h
17、igherHowever中心句矛盾矛盾冲突：部分民众认为应该提高收费，但是这种观点并未被市政厅采纳Q？Conclusions 内容内容 结构结构1.现象（Global Traffic Problems）开宗明义2.问题（Traffic Jams in London）3.对策（“The Congestion Charge”）4.反响（Most people are not happy.）5.效果（The charge worked.）6.矛盾（There is another voice.）承上启下铺陈就叙欲扬先抑有理有据意味深长Homework How do you understand the two“But”at the beginning of the last two paragraphs?Write a short passage about protecting the environment,using the writing structures we learned in this class.
