1、语法填空做题技巧1.语法填空题以语篇为载体，注重考查语言形式和逻辑结构。2.文章长度在200词左右，一般设10处空白，分为无提示词型（仅填一词）和给提示词型（用所给单词的适当形式填空）两种形式。语法填空的命题特点语法填空的关联考点语篇类型：记叙文、说明文。关联考点：全面考查非谓语动词、词性转换、构词法、时态、语态、主谓一致、从句等语法知识在语篇中的灵活运用。本节课通过一些练习题的分析，穿插语法点的讲解，找到做题技巧。给出单词提示的情况：给出单词提示的情况：1.名词2.动词 3.代词 4.形容词、副词5.数词6.词的派生&词性转换课程框架没有给出单词提示的情况：没有给出单词提示的情况：1.固定搭
2、配/固定用法2.从句引导词3.联系上下文推导出的相关词具体分九种做题技巧具体分九种做题技巧Dear Grace,I arrived in Shenzhen for(1)_ trip last week.(2)_ weather is fine now.I enjoy(3)_(my)here.It is my(4)_(one)time here,so everything(5)_(look)fresh(新鲜的).I visited some tourist attractions.Most(6)_ the places were crowded.Yesterday I went shopping
3、 and bought something(7)_(interest).I got lost on my way back to the hotel,(8)_ it didnt matter.I usually go out and have dinner in a restaurant and it takes me about(9)_ hour because the food there is fantastic.I took many(10)_(photo),so you can see when I come back home.See you!Yours,Linda导入练习aThe
4、myselffirstlooksofinterestingbutanphotos解题步骤1、跳读大意、跳读大意2、初填易题、初填易题3、补填难题、补填难题4、通读检查、通读检查分两种情况：分两种情况：一种，给出单词提示，一种，给出单词提示，另一种，不给单词提示另一种，不给单词提示。下面就这两种情况分别讲解做题技巧下面就这两种情况分别讲解做题技巧。做题技巧做题技巧一、给出单词提示一、给出单词提示 做题技巧做题技巧技巧一：名词形式变化技巧一：名词形式变化 名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格单数、复数、所有格的变化。例：There are many students living at scho
5、ol，the (child)houses are all far from school解析解析：由由students-词可以判断出横线处应填复数，词可以判断出横线处应填复数，且作为且作为houses的定语，所以应用其名词所有格形式，的定语，所以应用其名词所有格形式，故答案为故答案为child的复合变化形式的复合变化形式 复数的所有格复数的所有格childrens。1.When everyone quieted down,the speaker began to talk,saying that this was exactly what was happening in our _(life
6、).2.My mother would sit by the window,watching the falling _(leaf)from the trees floating in the air.3.College students are _(grown-up)and its their right to choose the way to live.4.In _(today)world,as we are inching towards global warming and waining,trees serve as our best friend to keep us away
7、from this.5.This room is Jane and _(Helen).6._(Dickens狄更斯,人名）novels are very interesting。7.Air pollution is caused by the following three _(reason):about half of the problem is caused by vehicles.livesleavesgrown-upsTodaysHelensDickensreasons技巧二：动词形式变化技巧二：动词形式变化 动词形式有：动词形式有：有有谓语的变化谓语的变化 (时态、语态时态、语态-
8、主动还是被动、语气主动还是被动、语气-虚拟语气虚拟语气)，进行时进行时 be doing 完成时完成时 have/has/had done 将来时将来时 will+v.注意助动词：注意助动词：do/does/did be动词过去式：动词过去式：was/were 被动语态形式被动语态形式 be done 有有非谓语的变化非谓语的变化(-ing,-ed,to do)。根据时态做出相应变化。后面会讲。根据时态做出相应变化。后面会讲。1.Li Ping often _(read)English in the morning.2.The meeting must _(put)off till next
9、Monday.3._ he _(clean)the windows once a week?4.Each child_(offer)an apple at the party yesterday.5.How long _ you _(stay)there the day before yesterday?6.His parents _(go)to the Great Wall tomorrow morning.7.That poor lady_(rob)on her way home last night and she _(call)out for help,but she couldnt_
10、(hear)by anyone.8._ they _(study)Japanese next term?9.Look!The students _(clean)the classroom.10.What _ your father _(do)yesterday?He _(write)two letters.11.There _(be)a football match on TV this evening.12.This book neednt _(return)now,you can _(keep)it for another two days.13.This chicken _(taste)
11、more like turkey.readsbe putDoescleanwas offeredhavestayedwill gowas robbedcalledhearWillstudyare cleaningdiddowrotewill bebe returnedkeeptastes（1）不定式）不定式 to do（2）-ing 形式形式（3）-ed形式形式 过去分词过去分词例如：She has something important_(do).The bottle_(contain)vinegar should be sent to the laboratory._(move)by fi
12、lm,the children couldnt help crying.A talk_(give)tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang to docontainingMoved表将来表将来表主动表主动表被动表被动表将来表将来 表被动表被动to be given1.The Olympic games _ in 776 BC，did not include women players until 1912.A.first playing B.to be first playing C.first played D.to be first playing 2.
13、The man managed to make himself _with his_ English.A.understand，breaking B.understand，broken C.understand，breaking D.understood，broken 3._from the moon，our earth with water _70%of its surface appears as a“blue ball”.A.seen，covered B.seeing，covered C.seen，covering D.to see，to cover 4.I have a book _(
14、contain)12 stories.CDCcontaining技巧三：代词形式变化技巧三：代词形式变化 代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类，三大类五小类，即人称代词(主格和宾格)物主代词(形物和名物)my book/pen/=mine 反身代词 oneself例：The king decided to see the painter by (he)注意：反身代词注意：反身代词，表示“自己”构成规律：一二人称反身代词,形物+self/selves;第三人称是人称代词的宾格+self/selves解析解析：by oneself亲自，横线处应填反身代词
15、亲自，横线处应填反身代词himself。1._(he)story is not interesting.2.He thinks _(him)is healthy and never goes to see a doctor.3.Help _(you)to the fish,Mary.4.This book belongs to you.Where is _?(me)5.At age 34,_（her）was just too busy busy fighting cancer.6.A large variety of languages exist in the world.Every lan
16、guage has_(it)own special words and expressions.7.Once again she looked up at me and asked if I could give _(she)some water.It was then that I notice _(she)lip,which suggested she had not had a drop of water all day.8.When he was a little boy,he could teach_(him)English.9.Did you cook the meal _(you
17、)?Hisheyourselfminesheitsherherhimselfyourself技巧四：形容词、副词的变化。技巧四：形容词、副词的变化。大部分大部分形容词、表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高形容词、表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化级的变化。通常加后缀通常加后缀-er、-est，或在多音节词前加，或在多音节词前加more/most，且，且形容词的最高级前面加形容词的最高级前面加the。例：I am（tall）than other students in my classI am the _(tall).解析解析：关键词：关键词：than 第一个空用比较级第一个空用比较级 t
18、aller根据意思，我是最高的，第二个空用最高级根据意思，我是最高的，第二个空用最高级tallest，注意前，注意前面的面的the1.Yesterday was even _(cold).2.Tom is heavy.Jack is as _(heavy)as Tom.3.If you work harder,your English will be _(good).4.Which do you like _(well),this one or that one?5.Mike is _(thin)of the two brothers.6.Nobody is _(clever)than Jan
19、e in our class.7.The elephant is _(big)than the horse.8.Your sweater is much _(expensive)than mine.9.Our village is getting more and _(beautiful).10.The weather is getting _(hot)and _(hot).11.The _(much)you exercise,the _(health)you will be.12.Sam is _(well)at Chinese than Jim.colderheavybetterbette
20、rthe thinnercleverer/more cleverbiggermore expensivemore beautifulhotterhottermorehealthierbetter技巧五：数词形式变化。技巧五：数词形式变化。基数词、序数词基数词、序数词，注意注意次数表达法次数表达法以及以及分数表达法分数表达法.次数表达法：次数表达法：一次once,两次 twice,三次及以上 基数词+times如 三次 three times,四次 four times等分数表达法：分数表达法：分子基数词，分母序数词，分子超过一时分母必须加-s.如：三分之二 two thirds,三分之一 on
21、e/a third例：To my three sons，I leave my eighteen horsesMy eldest son shall take a half,my second son shall take a(three)解析：解析：分马的计划，大儿子分得分马的计划，大儿子分得a half，也就是，也就是“一半一半”或或“二分之二分之一一”，用了分数，用了分数;那么二儿子应该得那么二儿子应该得“三分之一三分之一”，所以要填入，所以要填入大儿子大儿子9 二儿子二儿子 6 三儿子三儿子 3作分母的序数词作分母的序数词“third”。1.The _ Lesson is very di
22、fficult but very important.You must learn it by heart.(twelve)2._(Five)hundred yuan a month is enough to live on.3._ of the buildings were ruined.A.Three fourth B.Three four C.Three-fourths D.Three-four4.He has tried a _(two)time.5._(thousand)of Chinese are looking for ways to learn English well bef
23、ore Beijing 2008 Olympic.6.Both of the rules are broken.I want to buy a _ (three)one.7.About three quarters of the surface of the earth _(be)covered with water.8.I go to visit my grandmother _(two)a week.twelfthFiveCsecondThousandsthirdistwice技巧六：词的派生和词性转换。技巧六：词的派生和词性转换。派生现象派生现象,是英语的一种构词法，通过前后缀等。是英语
24、的一种构词法，通过前后缀等。词性转换，指一个词性转换为其他词性。比如词性转换，指一个词性转换为其他词性。比如quick-quickly无论派生还是词性转换，都需要先确定填空处需要的词性是什么。无论派生还是词性转换，都需要先确定填空处需要的词性是什么。例：Mary lost his wallet yesterday，So he was very _(happiness)解析：解析：根据句意判断出该用形容词，根据句意判断出该用形容词，由此可知将由此可知将happiness 变成词根变成词根happy；但是钱包丢了，人应该是不开心的，所以要再加个前缀但是钱包丢了，人应该是不开心的，所以要再加个前缀u
25、n，就成，就成了了unhappy。1.All the great _ are respected by the world.(invent)2.Ill do my homework more _ next time.(care)3.When you study a foreign language,its important to make a good _.(begin)4.Everyone knows such kind of books is _ to children.They shouldnt be sold at any bookstore.(harm)5.They looked
26、very _ in the idea.(interest)6.Most newspapers _(regular)print letters from readers with problems.7._ sights stopped them from going forward.(frighten)8.Do you know about the _ of the book?(write)9.If tourism creates too much traffic,the inhabitants will become _(annoy)and unhappy.inventionscarefull
27、ybeginningharmfulinterestedregularlyFrighteningwriterannoyed10.Tourism should also advance the wealth and _ (happy)of local inhabitants.(advance 促进，使增长)11.My sister speaks English as _(good)as me.12.But Jane knew from past experience that her _ (choose)of ties hardly ever pleased her father.happines
28、swellchoice二、未给单词提示二、未给单词提示 做题技巧做题技巧技巧一：固定搭配或固定用法。技巧一：固定搭配或固定用法。可以是动词搭配，介词搭配，也可以是一种固定用法或关联词等。可以是动词搭配，介词搭配，也可以是一种固定用法或关联词等。如 neither nor，bothand,not onlybut also，onethe other,someothers,tooto,sothat等。例1：The children were playing on the ground,enjoying _，dirty but happy解析：解析：孩子们开心，应用孩子们开心，应用enjoy ones
29、elf短语，因短语，因enjoying 的逻辑主的逻辑主语为语为children,故其答案为故其答案为themselves。例2：Mrs Baker was ill，so her daughter had to ask for a leave to take_of her解析：解析：生病需要人照顾，所以答案是生病需要人照顾，所以答案是care，与前后词构成，与前后词构成take care of。例3：Mr Smith took a plane to London_of taking a train解析：解析：此题中说到两种交通工具，所以可以理解此句有此题中说到两种交通工具，所以可以理解此句有“
30、坐坐而不是坐而不是坐”的意思，故答案为的意思，故答案为instead，以构成介词短语，以构成介词短语instead of。例4：Just then，he saw a blackboard in_of him解析：解析：细心观察，可以看出填入细心观察，可以看出填入front即可构成即可构成in front of，此，此题得解。题得解。例5：Old Toms granddaughter used to visit him_Saturday afternoon例6：Though Liu Qiang did the same work_Zhang Wen did，he got a lower pay_
31、Zhang Wen解析解析：Saturday afternoon是指定的某天下午，所以不用介词是指定的某天下午，所以不用介词in，而用而用on才是正解才是正解解析解析：第一条横线可由前面的：第一条横线可由前面的the same断出用断出用as，第二条横线则，第二条横线则可由可由lower断出比较意义，故答案为断出比较意义，故答案为than。例7：_Marrie and Jannie like going to the theatre解析：解析：横线处的词与后面可以构成横线处的词与后面可以构成bothand，故答案为，故答案为Both。1.When you meet _ new word,loo
32、k it _ in your dictionary.2.Some of these writers are doctors,_ are lawyers or educators.3.She is such a girl _ is always finding fault with other people4.He is famous _ his books.5.He is famous _ a writer.6.Their working conditions stayed the same _ before7.This book is very different _ that one.8.
33、The box is too heavy _ carry.9.It is so hot _ no one wants to go outside.10.The British policeman has _ several nicknames,but _ most frequently used are“copper”11.After _(accept)this job,he felt very tired.aupothersasforasasfromtothat不填theaccepting技巧二：从句引导词。技巧二：从句引导词。定语从句结构定语从句结构：先行词：先行词+引导词引导词+其他成分
34、其他成分引导词分引导词分关系代词关系代词和和关系副词关系副词关系代词的选择关系代词的选择先行词是物：先行词是物：which,that,whose先行词是人：先行词是人：who,whom,that,whose 先行词既有人又有物：先行词既有人又有物：that关系副词关系副词：when,why,where 以后会细讲以后会细讲例1：I have a book _ is very expensive.解析解析：审题可知，定语从句，先行词是物，用：审题可知，定语从句，先行词是物，用which。解析解析：横线所在为定语从句的引导词，进一步观察可知先行词：横线所在为定语从句的引导词，进一步观察可知先行词为
35、为those，且指人，所以只能填入，且指人，所以只能填入who。例2：Those_want to go to the village must sign here例3：We are talking about the pinao and the pianist_ were in the concert we attended last night.解析解析：后面有个：后面有个were,是是are的过去式，说明是复数，前面的的过去式，说明是复数，前面的pianist钢琴家，人，单数，不符合题意，所以前面钢琴家，人，单数，不符合题意，所以前面depinao也是也是先行词。既有人又有物，用先行词。既
36、有人又有物，用that。1.He is the man _ wants to see you.2.This is the best film _ I have ever seen.3.The student _ we saw just now is the best runner in our school.4.I was born in Hangzhou,a city_name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.5.My friend showed me round the town,_w
37、as very kind of him.6.Yesterday she sold her car _ she had bought a month ago.7.The Science Museum _we visited during a recent trip to Britain,is one of Londons tourist attractions.8.His movie won several awards at the film festival,_ was beyond his wildest dream.who/that thatwhom/thatwhosewhichwhic
38、h/thatwhich/thatwhich技巧三：上下文中出现的相关词技巧三：上下文中出现的相关词。这是最为灵活的，但也是最难的。需要这是最为灵活的，但也是最难的。需要根据上下文关系和自己积累的根据上下文关系和自己积累的知识，推导。知识，推导。例1：Tony_travelling abroad，but dislikes staying at home watching TV解析：解析：由第二句话中的由第二句话中的dislikes可以判断，此横线处应该是填其反义可以判断，此横线处应该是填其反义词词likes/enjoys.例2：It was only one day left._，his fat
39、her had no idea to answer him解析：解析：观察上下旬，可以看出是转折关系，且横线与前后用逗号隔观察上下旬，可以看出是转折关系，且横线与前后用逗号隔开，排除开，排除but，所以答案是副词，所以答案是副词however。Many years ago,my friends grandfather decided to become an eye surgeon.He spent six years at _ university studying medicine,and then had to go off to war.His parents were proud o
40、f him,_they supported him when he finally began as a doctor in a small village.He was very patient _ sick people and very skillful at curing diseases._,during his _(one)week as a doctor,he deliberately poisoned a very old lady,a patient _ simply wanted to die to avoid more _(suffer).The old doctor t
41、hat he _(know)in the village practice encouraged him to continue.He should have been charged for murder,but the old doctor and the family never told anybody about_.If the public had ever been aware of the grandfathers actions,the familys reputation would have been ruined.aso/andwithHoweverfirstwho/t
42、hatsufferinghad knownit1.Little Wang Jun could not go to school_his family was too poor2.In the morning and in the evening when people go to or come from _,the streets are very busy.3.People living in different countries made different kinds of words.Today there are about fifteen hundred _ in the wo
43、rld.Each contains many thousands of words.4.Why is setting goals so _?Because goals can help you do,be,and experience everything you want in life.5.Most Americans dont like to get advice _ members of their family.They get advice from strangers.becauseworklanguagesimportantfrom 给出单词提示的情况：给出单词提示的情况：1.
44、1.名词名词 单复数 所有格2.2.动词动词 谓语 非谓语3.3.代词代词 人称 物主 反身4.4.形容词、副词形容词、副词 比较等级5.5.数词数词 基数词 序数词 分数表达法 次数表达法6.6.词的派生词的派生&词性转换词性转换 如如happinesshappiness变形容词变形容词happyhappy九种做题技巧九种做题技巧没有给出单词提示的情况：没有给出单词提示的情况：1.1.固定搭配固定搭配/固定用法固定用法 动词搭配动词搭配 介词搭配等介词搭配等2.2.从句引导词从句引导词 定语从句定语从句3.3.联系上下文推导出的相关词联系上下文推导出的相关词 如however转折关系等九种做
45、题技巧九种做题技巧学生点评和作业布置完成后面练习题，可以做两篇（一）Hello,Im Bruce.I have three good(1)_(friend).We are different(2)_ each other.Jack is thirteen years old.He is one year(3)_(old)than me.And he is much taller than any one of us.He is talented for sports.And football is his favorite sport.Tom is as tall as me.He is ve
46、ry(4)_(fun)and outgoing.He often(5)_(make)us laugh.We both like(6)_(read).Henry is one year younger than me.And he is shorter than any of us.(7)_ he is as heavy as me.He is good at(8)_(draw).He likes drawing pictures a lot.Im(9)_(quiet)than them.But we are all friendly to each other(10)_ can share e
47、verything.（二）Last weeks talent show(1)_ really successful.(2)_ all the performers,Li Ping and Li Hua were the(3)_(winner).Li Ping is(4)_ outgoing and cool boy.At the talent show,he could(5)_(play)six balls at the same time very well.He(6)_(win)the prize for the most(7)_(excited)performance.Li Hua is
48、 a girl with curly hair.She is a great magician.She could put knives(刀)into the body of a person.(8)_ the person wasnt hurt at all.We were so afraid that some of us shouted(9)_(loud).She was the most creative performer although(10)_(she)show was the most frightening(令人恐惧的).（三）There was a little cat.
49、He spent much time eating and sleeping.He ate once(1)_ day,and then went to bed and slept.When he slept,his snoring(鼾声)sound(2)_ very loud.He hardly took exercises,(3)_ he was very heavy.Other(4)_(animal)were angry at the cat,(5)_ they couldnt sleep well at night.One day,a big cat(6)_(plan)to teach
50、the little cat a lesson.He asked a few animals to help(7)_(he).They wanted to catch the little cat and beat(打)him.Because(8)_ cat never exercised,he was too heavy to move.When other animals ran after him,he couldnt run(9)_(quick).He knew its(10)_(importance)to do exercises when he was caught.（四）Do y
