1、表示表示_的词叫做动词。的词叫做动词。下面哪些词不是动词?下面哪些词不是动词?raise they written the be become raise they written the be become remains shall myself will done remains shall myself will done can must burning second can must burning second wonderful care for nothingwonderful care for nothing until dreamed until dreamed *动词和
2、名词,代词一样,也有人称和数的变化。谓语动词的人称动词和名词,代词一样,也有人称和数的变化。谓语动词的人称和数必须与主语的人称和数一致。和数必须与主语的人称和数一致。动作或状态动作或状态行为动词行为动词/实义动词实义动词系动词系动词情态动词情态动词助动词助动词类别类别特点特点意义意义举例举例实义动词实义动词(vt.vi.)及物动词跟宾语及物动词跟宾语须跟宾语一起才能表达完整须跟宾语一起才能表达完整的意思的意思I have a book.不及物动词不能不及物动词不能直接接宾语直接接宾语能独立作谓语能独立作谓语She always comes late.系动词系动词(link-v)跟表语跟表语不能
3、独立做谓语,后边必须不能独立做谓语,后边必须跟表语,构成系表结构。跟表语,构成系表结构。I am a student.助动词助动词(aux.v.)跟动词原形或分跟动词原形或分词(无词汇意义)词(无词汇意义)不能独立做谓语,跟主要动不能独立做谓语,跟主要动词构成谓语,表示疑问,否词构成谓语,表示疑问,否定及各种时态定及各种时态He doesnt speak Chinese.I am watching TV.情态动词情态动词(mod.v.)跟动词原形(有跟动词原形(有自己的词汇意思)自己的词汇意思)不能独立做谓语。表示说话不能独立做谓语。表示说话人语气、情态,无人称和数人语气、情态,无人称和数的变
4、化的变化We can do it by ourselves.That would be better.按动词功能分类按动词功能分类实义动词实义动词 在句中独立做谓语在句中独立做谓语 1.1.及物动词及物动词vt.vt.(Transitive VerbTransitive Verb)本身意义不完整,需要接宾语意义才完整本身意义不完整,需要接宾语意义才完整 I like this book very much.we call the bird Polly.Please pass me the salt.2.2.不及物动词不及物动词vi.vi.(Intransitive VerbIntransiti
5、ve Verb)本身意义完整,无需接宾语本身意义完整,无需接宾语 Horses run fast.They work in a factory.不及物动词不及物动词+介词介词=及物动词及物动词 Look at the black board.listen to me carefully.*即可作即可作vt.又可作又可作Vi.She can dance and sing.She can sing many English songs.及物动词及物动词or不及物动词练习不及物动词练习He arrived at the bus stop.He got to the bus stop.He reach
6、ed the bus stop.They listen to the radio every morning.We watch TV on Sunday.不及物不及物 vi不及物不及物 vi及物及物 vt不及物不及物 vi及物及物 vt系动词系动词 Link Verb 系动词,它本身有词义,但系动词,它本身有词义,但不能单独不能单独用作谓语用作谓语,后边必须跟表语(通常为,后边必须跟表语(通常为名词或形容词),构成系表结构说明名词或形容词),构成系表结构说明主语的主语的状况、性质、特征状况、性质、特征等情况。等情况。连系动词练习题;连系动词练习题;Peters mother _an engin
7、eer.The weather _colder and colder.The dish _ good.The story _interesting.The dish of yours _delicious.He _to be very sad.This kind of cloth _very soft.She _rich within a short time.isturnssoundstastesseemsfeelsgrewsmells1.be1.be动词动词 I am a girlI am a girl you are beautiful.you are beautiful.2.2.感官动
8、词感官动词 soundsound听起来听起来 Her voice sounds worried.Her voice sounds worried.look look看上去看上去 Your dress looks nice.Your dress looks nice.smell smell闻起来闻起来 The river smells terrible.The river smells terrible.feel feel摸上去摸上去 This kind of cloth feels soft.This kind of cloth feels soft.3.3.状态保持或者改变状态保持或者改变
9、staystay保持保持 Stay young.Stay young.keep keep保持保持 Keep quiet!Keep quiet!become become变得,变得,getget成为变得,成为变得,turnturn变得,变得,4 4、证明是,结果是、证明是,结果是 prove The rumor proved false.prove The rumor proved false.turn outturn out His plan turned out a success.His plan turned out a success.系动词系动词 本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语本身有
10、词义,但不能单独用作谓语助动词助动词 本身无意义,不能单独做谓语本身无意义,不能单独做谓语1.1.be be 1)be+1)be+现在分词现在分词=现在进行时现在进行时 He is running.He is running.2)be+2)be+过去分词过去分词=被动语态被动语态The baby was put in bed by his motherThe baby was put in bed by his mother2.2.Have+done=Have+done=过去完成时过去完成时 I have finished my homework.I have finished my home
11、work.3.3.do do 用于疑问、否定、倒装、加强语气,代替之前的动词用于疑问、否定、倒装、加强语气,代替之前的动词 -Do you live in China?-Yes,I do.-Do you live in China?-Yes,I do.He didn He didnt go to see the film last Sundayt go to see the film last Sunday I do love you!I do love you!Only then did I realize that.Only then did I realize that.4.will4.
12、will和和shall(shall(仅第一人称仅第一人称)表示将来时表示将来时 There will be more trees in one hundred yearsThere will be more trees in one hundred years I shall be fifteen years old next birthday.I shall be fifteen years old next birthday.助动词主要有助动词主要有:be,do,have,shall(should),will(would)助动词助动词 Auxiliary Verb没有词义没有词义,不能单独
13、作谓语不能单独作谓语.a.要和主要动词一起构成各种时态要和主要动词一起构成各种时态,语态和语语态和语气气.b.帮助主要动词构成疑问式和否定式帮助主要动词构成疑问式和否定式.助动词助动词do 的用法的用法 1)构成一般疑问句,例如:构成一般疑问句,例如:Do you want to pass the CET?2)do+not 构成否定句,例如:构成否定句,例如:I do not want to be criticized.3)构成否定祈使句,例如:构成否定祈使句,例如:Dont be so absent-minded.*构成否定祈使句只用构成否定祈使句只用do,不用,不用did和和 does。助
14、动词的几种形式助动词的几种形式1)do/dont 2)Does/doesnt3)Did/didnt4)will/wont5)have havent/has hasnt/had hadnt 助动词助动词have的用法的用法 1)have+过去分词,构成完成时态,例如:过去分词,构成完成时态,例如:By the end of last month,they had finished half of their work.2)have+been+现在分词,构成完成进行时,现在分词,构成完成进行时,例如:例如:I have been studying English for ten years.3)h
15、ave+been+过去分词,构成完成式被动语过去分词,构成完成式被动语态,例如:态,例如:English has been taught in China for many years.助动词助动词do 的用法的用法n4)放在动词原形前,加强该动词的语气放在动词原形前,加强该动词的语气 I do miss you.n5)用于倒装句,例如:用于倒装句,例如:Never did I hear of such a thing.说明:说明:引导此类倒装句的副词有引导此类倒装句的副词有never,seldom,rarely,little,only,so,well等等n6)用作代动词,例如:用作代动词,例
16、如:He knows how to drive a car,doesnt he?助动词助动词should,would的用法的用法 1)should-shall的过去形式,与动词原的过去形式,与动词原形构成过去将来时,只用于第一人称形构成过去将来时,只用于第一人称 I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I should do next week.“What shall I do next week?”I asked.2)would-will的过去形式,与动词原形的过去形式,与动词原形构成过去将来时,用于第二、第三人称构成过去将来时,用于第二、第三人称 I
17、will go,he said.He said he would come.助动词助动词shall和和will的用法的用法 shall和will作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成一般将来时,例如:I shall study harder at English.He shall come.他必须来。(shall有命令的意味。)He will come.他要来。(will只与动词原形构成一般将来时。)4)情态动词情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度的态度,认为认为“可能可能”,“应应该该”,“必须必须”等等.助动词练习题助动词练习题They are playing Pi
18、ngpong ball at Room 305.The letter was last received on the morning of September 1.We have already finished doing our housework.Do you know who he is?I do work harder than before.I went to the concert yesterday.So did he.They will leave for USA next Friday.情态动词的用法can,could1.表示能力,意为表示能力,意为“能,会能,会”-Ca
19、n you play football?你你会会打篮球吗?打篮球吗?-Yes,I can.是的,我是的,我会会。-No,I cant.不,我不,我不会不会。2.表示怀疑、猜测,常用于否定句中。表示怀疑、猜测,常用于否定句中。Li Hua cant be in the classroom.李华李华不可能不可能在教室里。在教室里。3.can 的过去式是的过去式是could,表示过去的能力。表示过去的能力。4.以以can开头的一般疑问句都用开头的一般疑问句都用can 来回答来回答 以以could开头的一般疑问句都用开头的一般疑问句都用could来回答来回答情态动词情态动词 表示说话人的态度,需要跟实
20、义动词连用表示说话人的态度,需要跟实义动词连用1.情态动词的特征情态动词的特征(1)有一定词义,但不能单独做谓语,必须和)有一定词义,但不能单独做谓语,必须和实义动词连用,构成谓语。实义动词连用,构成谓语。(2)无人称和数的变化)无人称和数的变化(3)后接动词原形)后接动词原形(4)具有助动词的作用,可用来构成否定句、)具有助动词的作用,可用来构成否定句、疑问句及用于简明答语。疑问句及用于简明答语。*常见的情态动词有常见的情态动词有shall,should,will,would,can,could,may,might,need,must,may,dare,等等must1.表示“必须,应该”2.
21、表示推测,“一定”(只能用于肯定句)3.在否定句中,表推测“不可能”应用 cant4.否定句中,mustnt 表示禁止,“不允许”例如:I must go now.You mustnt play in the street.Must I clean the room now?No,you neednt.may1.表示推测,意为表示推测,意为“可能;也许可能;也许”,用于肯定句中,用于肯定句中 He may come tomorrow.明天他可能会来。明天他可能会来。2.表示请求、许可,意为表示请求、许可,意为“可能可能”May I borrow your book?我可以借用你的书吗?我可以借
22、用你的书吗?3.表示祝福表示祝福 May you success!祝你成功!祝你成功!情态动词情态动词非推测性用法非推测性用法推测性用法推测性用法can/could表示能力许可表示能力许可表示可能表示可能may/might表示许可表示许可表示可能表示可能will/would表示意志表示意志表示推测表示推测should/ought to表示义务表示义务表示必然表示必然must表示义务表示义务表示必然表示必然通过对话掌握情态动词通过对话掌握情态动词have tohave to表示客观条件的限制的表示客观条件的限制的“不得不不得不”,它有时态和人称变化,需要助动词来否定和它有时态和人称变化,需要助动
23、词来否定和疑问。疑问。I dont have to carry the big box.He had to wash his clothes.动词有五种基本形式动词有五种基本形式1.动词原形(动词原形(verb stem)2.第三人称单数第三人称单数(third person singular present tense form)3.现在分词现在分词(present participle)4.过去式过去式(past tense form)5.过去分词过去分词(past participle)6.情态动词练习题情态动词练习题_I use your dictionary?The work _be
24、 finished as soon as possible.You _study hard in English.George _speak several languages.mustshouldMaycan动词的五种形式动词的五种形式原形第三人称单数过去式过去分词 现在分词workworksworkedworkedworkingWritewriteswrotewrittenwritingHavehashadhadhavingdodoesdiddonedoing动词的五种形式动词的五种形式原形原形第三人称第三人称单数单数过去式过去式过去分词过去分词 现在分词现在分词workWriteHavedo过去式及过去分词可概括为过去式及过去分词可概括为:过去两种加过去两种加-ed,e尾单词直尾单词直接接-d,辅音字母加,辅音字母加y,-ed之之前变前变i。learned,stopped;closed,study-studied动词口诀动词口诀 现在分词现在分词的变法可概括为:的变法可概括为:单词之后加单词之后加-ing,有,有e先要砍先要砍它去,辅音它去,辅音y直接加,还有重直接加,还有重读闭音节,字母双写好亲热。读闭音节,字母双写好亲热。live-living,studying,sitting