1、I.I.冠词的定义冠词的定义冠词是一种虚词冠词是一种虚词,没有词没有词义义,没有数和格的变化没有数和格的变化,不不能单独使用能单独使用,只能帮助只能帮助名名词或起名词作用的其它词词或起名词作用的其它词类类说明其意义说明其意义.II.II.冠词的种类冠词的种类冠词分为冠词分为定冠词定冠词和和不定冠不定冠词词两大类两大类.定冠词特指一定冠词特指一特定名词特定名词,不定冠词泛指不定冠词泛指一般普通名词一般普通名词.III.III.不定冠词的用法不定冠词的用法不定冠词有不定冠词有a a和和anan两种形两种形式式.a.a用在以辅音开头的名用在以辅音开头的名词前词前,一般读作一般读作;an;an 用用在
2、以元音开头的名词前在以元音开头的名词前,一一般读作般读作n.n.1.1.首次提到某人或某物首次提到某人或某物,常起常起介绍作用介绍作用.He isHe is a a doctor.doctor.He is studying in He is studying in a a university.university.2.2.在单数普通名词前在单数普通名词前,指一类人或指一类人或事物事物,通常不必译出通常不必译出.AnAn ear is an organ for ear is an organ for listening.listening.A A fox is a cunning fox is
3、 a cunning animal.=Foxanimal.=Foxeses are cunning are cunning animals.=animals.=TheThe fox is a fox is a cunning animal.cunning animal.3.3.说明某一事物说明某一事物,相当于相当于the the same,same,表示表示“相同相同”的意的意思思.They are nearly of They are nearly of anan age.age.The two shirts are of The two shirts are of a a size.siz
4、e.Birds of Birds of a a feather flock feather flock together.together.The little girl is eating The little girl is eating anan ice-ice-cream at the table.cream at the table.Its Its anan honor to me to be given honor to me to be given such a good chance to make a such a good chance to make a further
5、study at university.further study at university.5.5.其他用法其他用法1).1).物质名词或抽象名词前用物质名词或抽象名词前用a/a/anan表示具体意义表示具体意义 制成品或种类制成品或种类.4.4.在表示时间或度量单位的名词在表示时间或度量单位的名词前前,具有具有”每一每一”的意思的意思.The train is running at 60 The train is running at 60 km km anan hour.hour.He earns two thousand He earns two thousand yuan yuan
6、 a a month.month.3).3).专有名词中的地名前用专有名词中的地名前用a/a/an an 指某时期或某个样子的某地指某时期或某个样子的某地.She is now She is now a a different different China from what she was China from what she was twenty years ago.twenty years ago.2)2)人名前用人名前用a/an a/an 表示说话人对此人表示说话人对此人不认识不认识,相当于相当于”a certain”.a certain”.Our music teacher is
7、 Our music teacher is a a Miss Miss White.White.A A Mr Chen came to see you Mr Chen came to see you this morning.this morning.也可指与某名人有类似性质的人或事物也可指与某名人有类似性质的人或事物.He wishes to became He wishes to became a a Newton.Newton.IV.IV.定冠词的用法定冠词的用法1.1.使用定冠词的场合使用定冠词的场合1).1).在单数普通名词前表示一类人或在单数普通名词前表示一类人或事物事物,the,
8、the 不必译出不必译出.The horseThe horse is a useful is a useful animal.=animal.=A horseA horse is a useful is a useful animal.=animal.=HorsesHorses are useful are useful animals.animals.4).a/an 4).a/an 用于某些固定词组中用于某些固定词组中once upon once upon a a time /time /anan hour or twohour or twohave have a a walk /many
9、walk /many a a timetimeturn turn a a deaf ear to deaf ear to3).3).在谈话双方都知道的特定的在谈话双方都知道的特定的人或事物的名词前人或事物的名词前.Pass me Pass me thethe book,please.book,please.Would you mind my Would you mind my opening opening thethe window?window?2).2).在重新提及的人或事物的名词前在重新提及的人或事物的名词前He bought a book yesterday.He bought a
10、book yesterday.TheThe book is on the desk.book is on the desk.I received a letter a few I received a letter a few days ago.days ago.TheThe letter was letter was from England.from England.5).5).在序数词前在序数词前TheThe first boy is his first boy is his younger brother.younger brother.I am I am thethe last to
11、 come.last to come.4).4).在有限制性定语修饰的名词在有限制性定语修饰的名词前前This is This is thethe place where I place where I once lived.once lived.The The plane to Shanghai plane to Shanghai has taken off.has taken off.7).7).在方向名词前在方向名词前on on thethe right/left right/leftin in the the east/west/south/east/west/south/northn
12、orth6).6).在表示世界上独一无二的事在表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前物的名词前thethe world/world/thethe sun/sun/thethe moon/moon/thethe sky/sky/the the earthearth9).9).在某些形容词在某些形容词(或分词或分词)前表示前表示一类人或事物一类人或事物The The young/young/thethe grown-up grown-up/thethe blind/blind/the the wounded/wounded/thethe oppressed oppressed被压迫被压迫/虐待的人虐待的
13、人8).8).在形容词和副词的最高级前在形容词和副词的最高级前Winter is Winter is thethe coldest coldest season of the year.season of the year.Who sings Who sings(the)(the)best in best in your class?your class?副词的最高级经常省略副词的最高级经常省略thethe11).11).在逢十的复数数词前表示某在逢十的复数数词前表示某个年代个年代When he went to America When he went to America in in the
14、 the seventies,he was seventies,he was already in already in hishis forties.forties.In In thethe 1870s,Marx began 1870s,Marx began to learn Russian.to learn Russian.12).12).在乐器的名称前在乐器的名称前The girl is playing The girl is playing the the piano.piano.He often plays He often plays thethe violin violin in
15、 the evening.in the evening.10).10).在姓氏复数形式前表示一家在姓氏复数形式前表示一家人人.TheThe Greens are at table.Greens are at table.TheThe Chens will move to Chens will move to Naijing.Naijing.14).14).在由普通名词或形容词构成在由普通名词或形容词构成的专有名词前的专有名词前thethe Great Wall Great Wall thethe United States United States the the Summer Palace
16、Summer Palace13).13).在表示单位的名词前在表示单位的名词前I have hired the car by I have hired the car by thethe hour.hour.Eggs are sold by Eggs are sold by thethe dozen.dozen.鸡蛋是按打卖的。鸡蛋是按打卖的。16).16).表示全体国民的专有名词表示全体国民的专有名词前前thethe Chinese Chinese thethe French French15).15).在由在由”普通名词普通名词+专有名词专有名词”构成的专有名词前构成的专有名词前the t
17、he Peoples Republic of Peoples Republic of China China the the New York TimesNew York Times thethe Readers Digest Readers Digest17).17).江河湖海江河湖海 运河运河 海湾海湾 海峡海峡 山脉山脉 群岛群岛 森林森林 平原平原 盆地盆地 沙漠等专有名沙漠等专有名词前词前thethe British Isles/British Isles/the the Black Black forest/forest/the the North China North Chin
18、a Plain/Plain/thethe Tarim Basin/Tarim Basin/the the Sahara DesertSahara Desert注注:Mount Fuji /Lake Baikal:Mount Fuji /Lake Baikal 无冠词无冠词不列颠群岛不列颠群岛17).17).江河湖海江河湖海 运河运河 海湾海湾 海峡海峡 山脉山脉 群岛群岛 森林森林 平原平原 盆地盆地 沙漠等专有名沙漠等专有名词前词前thethe yellow river/yellow river/thethe Pacific Pacific Ocean/Ocean/thethe West l
19、ake/West lake/the the Suez Canal/Suez Canal/thethe Gulf of Gulf of Mexico/Mexico/thethe English English Channel/Channel/thethe Himalayas Himalayas19)19)固定词组中固定词组中in the form of in the form of in the end in the end 18)18)在发明物前在发明物前Who invented Who invented thethe telephone?telephone?It was Edison tha
20、t It was Edison that inventedinvented the the lamp.lamp.2).2).复数可数名词和不可数名词复数可数名词和不可数名词表示泛指表示泛指They are teachers,not They are teachers,not students.students.People in the south like People in the south like rice.rice.2.2.不常用冠词的场合不常用冠词的场合1).1).表示人名表示人名 地名地名 国名国名 节日节日 月份月份 星期星期 季节等专有名词前季节等专有名词前Marx/Gua
21、ngxi/Europe/Marx/Guangxi/Europe/China/National Day/China/National Day/March/Sunday/springMarch/Sunday/spring4.4.物质名词或抽象名词前物质名词或抽象名词前Failure is the mother of Failure is the mother of success.success.Desks and chairs are Desks and chairs are usually made of wood.usually made of wood.3).3).表示职位表示职位 身份身
22、份 头衔的名词前头衔的名词前 Aunt Mary Aunt Mary Professor Zhang Professor Zhang President Lincoln President Lincoln5.5.表示学科表示学科 疾病疾病 球类球类 游戏游戏 颜色颜色和感官名称的名词前和感官名称的名词前Do you play chess(bridge,Do you play chess(bridge,cards)?cards)?Smell is one of the five Smell is one of the five senses.senses.5.5.表示学科表示学科 疾病疾病 球类
23、球类 游戏游戏 颜色颜色和感官名称的名词前和感官名称的名词前Economics is different Economics is different from politics.from politics.Granny died of cancer Granny died of cancer two years ago.two years ago.He likes football.He likes football.6.6.表示餐名的名词前表示餐名的名词前(breakfast/lunch/(breakfast/lunch/supper/dinner)supper/dinner)Dinner
24、 is ready.Dinner is ready.She is at lunch.She is at lunch.What do we have for What do we have for supper?supper?*有些表示疾病的名词需要加冠有些表示疾病的名词需要加冠词词a/ana/anhave a fever/cold/have a fever/cold/headacheheadache7.7.称呼语或含感叹意义的名词前称呼语或含感叹意义的名词前Good morning,boys and Good morning,boys and girls.girls.Where is Dad,
25、Mum?Where is Dad,Mum?Poor fellow!He broke his Poor fellow!He broke his leg.leg.*如果具体指某顿饭时要用如果具体指某顿饭时要用the,the,表示类别时要用表示类别时要用a/ana/anThe breakfast I ordered The breakfast I ordered still hasnt arrived.still hasnt arrived.That was a very nice That was a very nice(good,hearty)supper.(good,hearty)supper
26、.*如果表示交通工具的名词前有如果表示交通工具的名词前有定语定语,不用不用bybyHe came here on his old He came here on his old bike.bike.8.8.与与byby连用的表示交通工具的名连用的表示交通工具的名词前词前by bike/bus/train/tube/by bike/bus/train/tube/coach/land/seacoach/land/sea（伦敦的）地铁；伦敦的）地铁；（美）（美）subwaysubwayThese books/our These books/our research groupresearch gro
27、upSome interesting stories.Some interesting stories.9).9).名词前有名词所有格名词前有名词所有格 形容词性形容词性物主代词物主代词 指示代词指示代词 疑问词以及疑问词以及some,little,both,each,some,little,both,each,either,few,a few,a little,either,few,a few,a little,any,no,another,every,any,no,another,every,much,manymuch,many等形容词作定语时等形容词作定语时Johns mother is
28、 a teacher.Johns mother is a teacher.Whose purse is this?Whose purse is this?*用某些介词连接相同或相对的名用某些介词连接相同或相对的名词时词时face to face/hand in hand face to face/hand in hand/side by side/step by/side by side/step by step/from top to bottom/step/from top to bottom/from morning to night/from morning to night/from
29、 beginning to endfrom beginning to end10).10).以以andand连接的两个相对的名连接的两个相对的名词并用时词并用时day and night/pen and ink day and night/pen and ink/husband and wife/husband and wifefather and son/sun and father and son/sun and mon/master and servantmon/master and servant2).in hospital 2).in hospital in the hospital
30、 in the hospital3).by sea3).by sea by the sea by the sea住院住院在医院里在医院里乘船乘船(由海路由海路)在海边在海边V.V.冠词的辩析和差异冠词的辩析和差异1.1.用冠词与不用冠词的差异用冠词与不用冠词的差异1).at table1).at table at the table at the table进餐进餐在桌子旁在桌子旁6).on earth6).on earth on the earth on the earth7).go to school(church)7).go to school(church)go to the scho
31、ol go to the school(church)(church)究竟究竟,到底到底在地球上在地球上上学上学(作礼拜作礼拜)去去学校学校(教堂教堂)4).go to sea4).go to sea go to the sea go to the sea5).in future5).in future in the future in the future当水手当水手去海边去海边从今以后从今以后在将来在将来9).on horse back9).on horse back on the horse back on the horse back10).two of us10).two of us
32、 the two of us the two of us骑马骑马在马背上在马背上我们当中的两我们当中的两人人我们两人我们两人(共计两人共计两人)8).in front of8).in front of in the front of in the front of在在前面前面外部的外部的内部的内部的2.2.用定冠词与不定冠词的差异用定冠词与不定冠词的差异1).as a whole 1).as a whole=altogether=altogether 全部的，整体全部的，整体 on the whole on the whole =in general=in general大体上，一般大体上，一
33、般的的2).the most important meeting2).the most important meeting最重要的会议最重要的会议 a most important meetinga most important meeting一个一个重要的会议重要的会议3).the third time3).the third time第三次第三次 a third timea third time又一次又一次4).in the distance4).in the distance在远处在远处 at a distanceat a distance在稍远处在稍远处11).out of quest
34、ion11).out of question out of the questionout of the question毫无疑问毫无疑问不可能不可能Exercises:Fill in the blanks with Fill in the blanks with a a,anan or or thethe.1.1.What _ beautiful What _ beautiful horse it is!horse it is!a3.3.两个或两个以上名词并列时用两个或两个以上名词并列时用冠词的差异冠词的差异a Chinese and English a Chinese and Englis
35、h dictionarydictionary a Chinese and an a Chinese and an English dictionaryEnglish dictionary4.Dont forget to buy me 4.Dont forget to buy me _ T-shirt._ T-shirt.a2.When does _ sun set 2.When does _ sun set in winter?in winter?3.I am going to _ 3.I am going to _ Philippines next month.Philippines nex
36、t month.thethe7.John is staying at _ 7.John is staying at _ Dragon Hotel.Dragon Hotel.8.Everyone knows Kitty is 8.Everyone knows Kitty is _ honest girl._ honest girl.thean5.Look,theres _ 5.Look,theres _ elephant walking down elephant walking down the street.the street.6.Its cheaper to take _ 6.Its c
37、heaper to take _ bus than to take _ bus than to take _ taxi.taxi.anaa11.They have _ dinner 11.They have _ dinner early in the evening.early in the evening.12._ Christians usually 12._ Christians usually go to _ church on go to _ church on Sundays.Sundays./9.I go to _ school by 9.I go to _ school by
38、_ ferry._ ferry.10.Which pen is longer,10.Which pen is longer,_ blue one or _ blue one or _red one?_red one?/thethe乘渡轮乘渡轮14.They sent the parcel 14.They sent the parcel by _ air mail.by _ air mail.15.Jack is staying with 15.Jack is staying with his aunt in _ United his aunt in _ United Kingdom.Kingd
39、om./the13.Have you ever seen _ 13.Have you ever seen _ real dragon?real dragon?a19.That shop sells _ fruit 19.That shop sells _ fruit and _ drinks.and _ drinks.20.Father went to _ bed 20.Father went to _ bed quite early last night.quite early last night.21.The dog ran into _ 21.The dog ran into _ sc
40、hoolschool/the16.Everyone needs _ food.16.Everyone needs _ food.17._ Himalayas are _ 17._ Himalayas are _ highest mountain ranges on highest mountain ranges on _ earth._ earth./Thethethe24.We cant live without 24.We cant live without _ air._ air.25.Peter is _ 25.Peter is _ university student.univers
41、ity student./a22.No one knows how deep 22.No one knows how deep _ Atlantic Ocean is._ Atlantic Ocean is.23.What sort of _ game do 23.What sort of _ game do you like better,_ football you like better,_ football or _ basketballor _ basketballthe/28.China is _ great 28.China is _ great country and is a
42、lso country and is also _ ancient country,_ ancient country,aan26.The company gave us 26.The company gave us _ wonderful dinner._ wonderful dinner.27.Selina goes to work by 27.Selina goes to work by _ same bus every _ same bus every morning.morning.athe30.scientists in _ 30.scientists in _ world.wor
43、ld.31.He couldnt go to _ 31.He couldnt go to _ school.He was in _ school.He was in _ hospital.hospital./the29._woman in _ 29._woman in _ next room is one of next room is one of _ most famous _ most famous scientists in _ scientists in _ world.world.The thethethe34.It was _ 34.It was _ unusual day.unusual day.an32.His daughter works in 32.His daughter works in _ factory and _ factory and studies at _ evening studies at _ evening schoolschool33.Children often go 33.Children often go swimming in _ swimming in _ summer.summer.aan/中考英语（外研版）中中考英语（外研版）中考复习：考复习：
