1、Inaugural AddressJohn F.KennedyUnit 4Unit 4 1Teaching ObjectivesTeaching ObjectivesnTo know the features of a political speechnTo appreciate the language features of Kennedys addressnTo acquaint the students with some famous English speechesnTo take this speech as a good example to learn some techni
2、ques in writing a speech2Teaching FocusTeaching Focus1.The difference between a speech and an argument 2.Political background3.Biblical and ancient Roman style writings and allusions4.A round-about way in vague terms to convey political views which are not openly stated3Teaching MethodsTeaching Meth
3、ods1.Teacher-oriented teaching method2.Student-oriented teaching method3.The elicited method4Teaching ProcedureTeaching Procedure.Introductory Remarks.Background Information.Learning Focus.Key words and Expressions.Explanation of the Text5.Division of the Text.The Writing Style.Rhetorical Devices.Ex
4、ercises6Introductory RemarksIntroductory Remarks7.Introductory Remarks.Introductory RemarksnJ.F.Kennedy addresses a worldwide audience in his inaugural speech.nHe makes a general statement of basic policy goals.8nThe United States is prepared to pay any price,bear any burden,and meet any hardship to
5、 defend human rights,liberty and independence of free nations.nHe addresses different groups of allied nations or would-be allies,as well as the United Nations.9nHe turns to his enemy,warning that the U.S.is prepared to oppose any foe at all costs,so theyd better negotiate and cooperate with U.S.nHe
6、 appeals to his countrymen and citizens of the world for support and sacrifice in order to defend human rights and freedom.10nPresident Kennedys finest masterpiece and one of the best speeches.nIt is a persuasive speech with the clear purpose:to explain,convince and persuade the people that what he
7、is saying and what he is planning to do best represent their interests so they should support him.11Detailed Study of the Detailed Study of the TextText12.Background Information.Background Information 1.Brief Introduction to John Kennedy On November 22,1963,when he was On November 22,1963,when he wa
8、s hardly past his first thousand days in office,hardly past his first thousand days in office,John Fitzgerald Kennedy was killed by an John Fitzgerald Kennedy was killed by an assassins bullets as his motorcade wound assassins bullets as his motorcade wound through Dallas,Texas.Kennedy was the throu
9、gh Dallas,Texas.Kennedy was the youngest man elected President;he was the youngest man elected President;he was the youngest to die.youngest to die.132Inaugurationthe peaceful transfer of power from one the peaceful transfer of power from one individual to another individual to another going back to
10、 President George Washington going back to President George Washington the induction of the new president was the induction of the new president was scheduled on March 4,every fourth year scheduled on March 4,every fourth year since 1793since 179314it has taken place on January 20 since 1937it has t
11、aken place on January 20 since 1937the inaugural ball in 1809the inaugural ball in 1809four or five ballrooms in Washingtonfour or five ballrooms in Washington15 3.Solemn Oath “I do solemnly swear that I will faithfully“I do solemnly swear that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of th
12、e United execute the Office of President of the United States,and will,to the best of my ability,States,and will,to the best of my ability,preserve,protect and defend the Constitution of preserve,protect and defend the Constitution of the United States.”the United States.”16.Learning Focus.Learning
13、Focus1.To understand the political background2.To appreciate the biblical and ancient Roman style writings and allusions3.To understand a round-about way in vague terms to convey political views which are not openly stated1718.Key words and Expressions.Key words and Expressions1.inaugural:a.a.of an
14、inauguration of an inaugurationinauguration(n.),inaugurate(v.)the professors inaugural lecture2.symbolize:v.v.to be a symbol of;stand for to be a symbol of;stand for-In Europe,the color white symbolizes purity.193.signify:v.v.to be a sign or indication of;mean to be a sign or indication of;mean -Rec
15、ent changes in climate may signify that -Recent changes in climate may signify that global warming is starting to have an effect.global warming is starting to have an effect.4.almighty:a.a.having unlimited power;all-having unlimited power;all-powerfulpowerful -Almighty God/Father -Almighty God/Fathe
16、r205.prescribe:v.v.to set down as a rule or direction;to set down as a rule or direction;orderorder -what punishment does the law prescribe for -what punishment does the law prescribe for corruption?corruption?6.abolish:v.v.to do away with completely;put an to do away with completely;put an end to;e
17、nd to;-The legislature passed a law to abolish the -The legislature passed a law to abolish the surtax.surtax.217.7.temper:v.to strengthen through experience or v.to strengthen through experience or hardship;toughenhardship;toughen -Those soldiers had been tempered by combat.-Those soldiers had been
18、 tempered by combat.8.discipline:v.v.to subject to discipline;train;to subject to discipline;train;controlcontrol -Students must learn to discipline themselves.-Students must learn to discipline themselves.229.oppose:v.v.to resist;withstand;to resist;withstand;-Many members of the council opposed th
19、e -Many members of the council opposed the building of the luxury houses in the center of building of the luxury houses in the center of the city.the city.10.assure:v.v.to make(difficult thing)certain;to make(difficult thing)certain;guaranteeguarantee -I can assure you of the reliability of the -I c
20、an assure you of the reliability of the news.news.2311.venture:n.n.a business project or activity,a business project or activity,especially one that involves taking risksespecially one that involves taking risks -a joint venture -a joint venture12.iron:a.a.cruel,merciless cruel,merciless -iron disci
21、pline -iron discipline2413.renew:v.v.to go over again;say again;repeat to go over again;say again;repeat -I renewed my spirits in the country.-I renewed my spirits in the country.14.forum:n.n.assembly for the discussion of assembly for the discussion of public matters or current questionspublic matt
22、ers or current questions -The letter page of this newspaper is a -The letter page of this newspaper is a forum forforum for public argument.public argument.2515.shield:n.n.any person or thing that guards,any person or thing that guards,protect or defendsprotect or defends16.unleash:v.v.to release or
23、 let go from or as to release or let go from or as from a leashfrom a leash leash:leash:n.n.(lead esp.AmE)(lead esp.AmE)-All dogs must be kept on a leash in -All dogs must be kept on a leash in public places.public places.leash:leash:v.v.to control an animal,esp.a dog,to control an animal,esp.a dog,
24、with lead or leashwith lead or leash2617.stay:v.v.restrain restrain -The government tries to stay the progress -The government tries to stay the progress of the disease.of the disease.18.invoke:v.v.to ask solemnly for;beg for;to ask solemnly for;beg for;imploreimplore -I invoked their forgiveness.-I
25、 invoked their forgiveness.2719.eradicate:v.v.to get rid of;wipe out;destroy to get rid of;wipe out;destroy -Their goal was to eradicate the poverty in -Their goal was to eradicate the poverty in the countryside.the countryside.20.testimony:n.n.form of evidence,indication;form of evidence,indication
26、;proofproof -These results are a testimony to your -These results are a testimony to your hard work.hard work.2821.shrink:v.v.to avoid or wish to avoid taking to avoid or wish to avoid taking action;be reluctant;withdrawaction;be reluctant;withdraw -A shy man shrinks from meeting -A shy man shrinks
27、from meeting strangers.strangers.22.at issue:in dispute;to be decided;in:in dispute;to be decided;in disagreementdisagreement -What is at issue is the extent to which -What is at issue is the extent to which exam results reflect a students ability.exam results reflect a students ability.2923.at odds
28、:in disagreement;quarrelling;:in disagreement;quarrelling;antagonisticantagonistic -He was at odds with his colleagues.-He was at odds with his colleagues.24.cast off:to discard;abandon:to discard;abandon -The town is still trying to cast off its dull -The town is still trying to cast off its dull i
29、mage.image.30.Explanation of the Text.Explanation of the TextPara.1:Kennedy emphasizes the importance of Kennedy emphasizes the importance of his election as president.It is not simply a his election as president.It is not simply a victory of the Democratic Party over the victory of the Democratic P
30、arty over the Republican Party.It celebrates the freedom Republican Party.It celebrates the freedom of people to elect freely their own head of the of people to elect freely their own head of the state.It symbolizes the end of one state.It symbolizes the end of one presidential term and the beginnin
31、g of new presidential term and the beginning of new one.The presidency is continued,but the one.The presidency is continued,but the president has changed.president has changed.31Para.2:Not only the administration has been:Not only the administration has been changed,but the world has changed a lot.c
32、hanged,but the world has changed a lot.Para.3:Kennedy exhorts his countrymen and Kennedy exhorts his countrymen and forcefully declares his determination to“pay forcefully declares his determination to“pay any price”to defend human right and any price”to defend human right and liberty at home and ar
33、ound the world.liberty at home and around the world.32Para.4:Like the preceding one,Kennedy Like the preceding one,Kennedy addresses to friend and foe at the same time.addresses to friend and foe at the same time.It promise to support any friend and oppose It promise to support any friend and oppose
34、 any foe.any foe.Para.5:transition from the general countries to:transition from the general countries to specific ones.specific ones.33Para.6:It refers to those old allies with the same It refers to those old allies with the same cultural and spiritual origins,esp.English cultural and spiritual ori
35、gins,esp.English speaking countries,such as Canada,Britain,speaking countries,such as Canada,Britain,Australia,New Zealand etc.Australia,New Zealand etc.34Paras.7&8:Kennedy addresses the Kennedy addresses the governments and people of newly governments and people of newly independent countries,the t
36、hird world independent countries,the third world developing countries.He promise to developing countries.He promise to give them economic aid but warn them give them economic aid but warn them not to go over the Communist.not to go over the Communist.35Para.9:Kennedy addresses all the Kennedy addres
37、ses all the countries lying to South of the U.S.in countries lying to South of the U.S.in central and south America.The U.S has central and south America.The U.S has always tried to dominate these countries always tried to dominate these countries and has quite often interfered in their and has quit
38、e often interfered in their internal affair.internal affair.36Para.10:Kennedy pledges his support to United Kennedy pledges his support to United Nations.Nations.Para.11-13:Kennedy addresses his enemy.He Kennedy addresses his enemy.He points out the destructive power of war and points out the destru
39、ctive power of war and put forward proposal for arms control put forward proposal for arms control negotiation,cooperation in fields of science negotiation,cooperation in fields of science and space exploration.and space exploration.37Para.14-20:Kennedy puts forward his different Kennedy puts forwar
40、d his different proposals by employing the parallel structures proposals by employing the parallel structures throughout these paragraphs.throughout these paragraphs.38Para.21-27:Kennedy appeals to his fellow Kennedy appeals to his fellow Americans to support him and be ready to do Americans to supp
41、ort him and be ready to do everything they can,even to sacrifice their everything they can,even to sacrifice their lives,if necessary,for their country.lives,if necessary,for their country.39Main PointsMain PointsThe Appropriate Use of WordsThe Appropriate Use of Wordsa.“To our sister republics”(par
42、a.9)a.“To our sister republics”(para.9)b.“make themselves adversary”b.“make themselves adversary”(para.11)(para.11)401.Three ways to sway people1.Three ways to sway people 1)through evidence and reasoning;1)through evidence and reasoning;2)through his own credibility;2)through his own credibility;3)
43、through appeals to the peoples 3)through appeals to the peoples basic social,basic social,biological,and psychological needs,biological,and psychological needs,wants,wants,and desires and desires412.The deliberate use of a pseudo-Roman2.The deliberate use of a pseudo-Roman style and Biblical languag
44、e style and Biblical language a.“and yet the same revolutionary a.“and yet the same revolutionary from the handfrom the hand of God.”(para.2)of God.”(para.2)b.“Let the world go forth from this b.“Let the world go forth from this time andtime and place (para.3)place (para.3)42 c.“to strengthen its sh
45、ield of the c.“to strengthen its shield of the new,which its new,which its writ may run.”(para.10)writ may run.”(para.10)d.“And so,my fellow Americans your d.“And so,my fellow Americans your country.”country.”(para.25)(para.25)43.Division of the Text.Division of the TextnPart 1 nParas.1-5:a general
46、statement of basic policy goals.nPart 2 nParas.6-9:Kennedy addresses different groups of allied nations or would-be allies.44nPart 3nParas.11-19:Kennedy speaks to his enemy.nPart 4nParas.21-27:Kennedy appeals to his countrymen for support and sacrifice.45Summary of the TextSummary of the Text46.The
47、Writing Style.The Writing StylenWell organized and highly rhetoricalWell organized and highly rhetoricalnVarious figures of speech Various figures of speech nThe appropriate use of words,parallel and The appropriate use of words,parallel and balanced structuresbalanced structures47nRepetition of imp
48、ortant words and phrases,Repetition of important words and phrases,and antithesisand antithesisnDeliberate use of a pseudo-Roman style or Deliberate use of a pseudo-Roman style or Biblical language in some placesBiblical language in some places48Summary of the Text-one of the best inaugural addresse
49、s-one of the best inaugural addresses-its object:to explain,convince and persuade-its object:to explain,convince and persuade people that what he is saying and planning to people that what he is saying and planning to do best represents their interests so they do best represents their interests so t
50、hey should support him should support him 49-addressing a worldwide audience and-addressing a worldwide audience and appealing not only to the American people appealing not only to the American people but also to the different groups of nations in but also to the different groups of nations in the i
