1、Unit 1 Cultural HeritageSection B Discovering Useful StructuresCONTENTSLeading-inWhile-classAfter-classPart 1Part 1Part 2Part 2Part 3Part 3Part.1Leading-inLeading in1.Who is my best friend?2.Who borrowed a book from me yesterday?Part.2While-classWhile-class关系副词先行词在定语从句中充当的成分可以转化成when时间名词时间状语in/on/at
2、.whichwhere地点名词地点状语in/on/at.whichwhyreason原因状语for whichWhile-class关系代词和关系副词指代对象例句that作主语或宾语指物1）It is Mount Tai that lies in Shandong Province.（作主语）2）That is the most interesting story(that)I have ever heard of.（作宾语）指人1）Who is the man that is reading a book over there?（作主语）2）The girl(that)we saw yest
3、erday is his sister.（作宾语）which作主语或宾语指物1）My favorite place is Kunming which is known as the Spring City.（作主语）2）This is the place(which)he would like to visit.（作宾语）who,whom，和whose分别作主语，宾语和定语（先行词在主句和从句中都作宾语时用whom）指人1）The tall man who is playing basketball is Yao Ming.（作主语）2）That is the girl(whom)I met
4、at the party yesterday.（作宾语）3）Is this the boy whose parents went to Canada last year.（作定语）when,where和，why分别作时间状语，地点状语和原因状语1）I shall never forget the day when we first met in a park.（作时间状语）2）My favorite city is Beijing where I can visit the Great Wall.（作地点状语）3）This is the reason why you should leave.
5、（作原因状语）While-class注：that和which都可指物，且在句中都可作主语和宾语，多数情况下可以互换。但在以下情况中，关系代词只能用that，不能用which。1.先行词既指人又指物。2.先行词被all,every,any,little,only,much,no等不定代词修饰时，或先行词本身是all,much,everything,anything,no以及no构成的复合词。3.先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰。4.先行词被the only,the very,the last,the same修饰。5.有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词。6.主句以who,what,which
6、开头的特殊疑问句。While-class关系代词和关系副词的判定方法：关系副词和关系代词的选择是根据先行词在定语从句中做的成分。若是做状语，则用关系副词或“介词+which”;若是做主语和宾语，则用关系代词。“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句：关系代词做介词的宾语时，为了使关系代词与先行词的关系词更加紧凑，可以将从句中的介词提前到关系代词之前，形成“介词+关系代词”结构。该结构中的关系代词可用which或whom；介词可以依据从句中的谓语的搭配、与先行词的搭配或句子意义来确定。Is this the car for which you paid a high price?这是你花大价钱买的车吗？
7、（根据从句中谓语动词pay的搭配来定）While-class注：（1）有些“动词+介词”短语，如 look for,look after,call on等不可拆开而把介词置于关系代词之前。（2）有时候“介词+关系代词”前还会有名词、代词等。The river,the bank of which are covered with trees,flows to the seas.定语从句需要注意的问题：1.as引导限制性定语从句时，常用于下列句式中：such+名词+as.像一样的；the same+名词+as.和同样的。2.当先行词是time时，若time表示“次数”，应用that引导定语从句，并
8、且that可以省略；若time表示“一段时间”讲，应用when或“at/during+which”引导定语从句。This is the second time（that）the president has visited the country.这是这位总统第二次访问这个国家。This is at a time when/during which there were no radios，no telephones or no TV sets.这是在一个没有收音机，没有电话，也没有电视机的时代。While-class3.定语从句中的主谓一致当关系代词在从句中做主语时，从句中谓语动词的数原则上要
9、与先行词保持一致，但要注意以下几点：先行词是“one of+复数名词”结构时，关系代词引导的定语从句中的谓语动词一般用复数形式；但如有the very，the only，the first，the last，the right 等修饰one时，谓语动词用单数。This is one of the most interesting questions that have been asked.这是被问过的最有意思的问题之一。While-class4.stage表示“阶段”，occasion表示“场合”，后接的定语从句既可接when也可接where。The baby has reached the
10、 stage when he can stand up.婴儿到了能站立的阶段了。Part.3After-classAfter-class1The downturn hit the real estate(房地产)firm _(她在那儿做了10年的办公室经理).(根据汉语提示完成句子)2The bookshop _(我在那里买了这本书)is not far from here.(根据汉语提示完成句子)3Will we reach a time _(在那时电脑真的会思考)?(根据汉语提示完成句子)1where she had worked for ten years as an office ma
11、nager【详解】考查定语从句、动词和名词。句意：经济低迷打击了她曾担任办公室经理十年的房地产公司。分析句子结构，此句为定语从句，先行词firm在从句作地点状语，用关系副词where引导。根据汉语提示“她在那儿做了10年的办公室经理”，可知工作发生在过去之前，应用过去完成时；“工作10年”表达为she had worked for ten years，作为办公室经理as an office manager。故填where she had worked for ten years as an office manager。2where I bought this book【详解】考查定语从句和时
12、态。句意：我买这本书的那家书店离这儿不远。空处应为定语从句，修饰先行词bookshop，先行词在句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where 引导，结合句意买书的动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，所以应填where I bought this book。故答案为where I bought this book。3when computers actually can think【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们是否会到达计算机真正能够思考的时代？表示“电脑”要用computer的复数形式，表示泛指；表示“真的”应用副词actually；表示“会”应用情态动词can；表示“思考”应用动词think；分析句
13、子结构和意思可知，表示“在那时电脑真的会思考”要用定语从句，修饰先行词time，在从句中做时间状语，用连词when引导。故填when computers actually can think。After-class4The English Corner is an activity _(我们可以练习口语)（根据汉语提示完成句子）5The dictionary is a tool _(能帮助我们学习语言)（根据汉语提示完成句子）6The Spring Festival is a time _(家庭成员聚到一起).(根据汉语提示完成句子)4where we can practice our spo
14、ken English【详解】考查定语从句。句意：英语角是一个我们练习英语口语的活动。表示“我们”应用we；表示“可以”应用can；表示“练习口语”应用practice our spoken English，位于情态动词后面，需用动词原形；此处考查定语从句，先行词activity，在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故填where we can practice our spoken English。5which/that helps us learn a language【详解】考查定语从句和固定短语。句意：字典是能帮助我们学习语言的一种工具。此处为which或that引导定
15、语从句修饰先行词tool；表示“帮助某人做某事”短语为help sb.do sth.；表示“学习语言”短语为 learn a language。结合is可知为一般现在时。故填which/that helps us learn a language。6when the family members unite【详解】考查定语从句。句意：春节是家人团聚的日子。根据句意及汉语提示可知，表示“家庭成员”可用the family members，表示“聚到一起”可用动词unite，此处可用一个when引导的定语从句连接，即when the family members unite。故填when the
16、family members unite。After-class7The mobile phone is a machine _(功能强大).(根据汉语提示完成句子)8The platform(站台)is a place _(我们等车并且上车的地方).（根据汉语提示完成句子）9Mother is the person _(为家庭做出很大贡献)（根据汉语提示完成句子）7whose function is powerful【详解】考查定语从句、名词和形容词等。句意：手机是一种功能强大的机器。表示“功能强大”可用一个主系表的简单句，即function is powerful，结合前面的动词时态可知，
17、此处用一般现在时即可；并用whose与前面的主句连接起来，变为whose function is powerful。故填whose function is powerful。8where/in which we wait for and board the train【详解】考查定语从句，时态和短语。句意：站台是一个我们等车并且上车的地方。根据汉语提示并分析句子可知，空处是定语从句，修饰place，且定语从句中缺少地点状语in the place，用关系副词where/in which来引导，从句主语we，wait for“等待”，描述客观事实用一般现在时，board the train“上车
18、”，故where/in which we wait for and board the train。9who makes great contributions to the family【详解】考查从句，时态和固定短语。句意：母亲是为家庭做出很大贡献的人。此处引导定语从句修饰先行词person，从句缺少主语，指人，故用who；表示“做出很大贡献”短语为make great contributions to，结合上文is可知为一般现在时，关系词指代先行词the person，从句总作主语，是单数，谓语动词用单数，名词family作宾语。故填who makes great contributions to the family。Thank you！
