1、选择性必修二 Unit1 Science and scientistswords and expresssionscholera klr:n.霍乱霍乱severe sv(r):adj.极为恶劣的极为恶劣的;十分严重的十分严重的;严厉的严厉的a severe winter 严冬cause severe damage 造成严重的破坏severe diseases 严重的疾病severely adv.严重地；严格地，严厉地severely disabled严重残疾的a severely critical report一篇措辞严厉的批评报道 This illness causes severe dia
2、rrhoea,dehydration,and even death.suffer severe losses _The president came under _(严厉的批评)for his inability to tackle the crisis.His chest suffered _(严重的伤害)in the accident.A fire has _(severe)damaged the warehouse.遭到惨败severe criticismsevere injuriesseverelydiarrhoeadar:n.腹泻腹泻dehydration dihadren n.脱水
3、脱水frustratedfrstretd:adj.懊恼的懊恼的;沮丧的沮丧的;失意的失意的feel frustrated 感到沮丧be frustrated at/with因/对灰心丧气a frustrated artist 不得志的艺术家As a young doctor,John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.He was disabled from birth,but he never felt _(frustrate),nor did he give in to an
4、y difficulty.They felt frustrated _ the lack of progress.A poor memory frustrated her efforts _(become)an actress.frustratedat/withto becomeonce and for all:最终地最终地;彻底地彻底地contradictory kntrdktriadj.相互矛盾的相互矛盾的;对立的对立的;不一致的不一致的(1)selfcontradictory 自相矛盾的contradictory information 矛盾信息(2)contradict each ot
5、her 互相矛盾contradict sb.与某人唱反调；反驳某人(3)in contradiction to/with.与相矛盾/相反contradiction between A and B A与B之间的矛盾In general,doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread.We are faced with two apparently_(contradict)statements.People found this sort of _(contradict)reali
6、ty hard to accept.He kept _(contradict)himself when we were arguingI think he was a bit confused.contradictorycontradictorycontradictinginfection nfekn n.感染；传染感染；传染infectnfekt v.使感染使感染;传染传染have an infection 受到感染suffer from an infection 患上感染/传染病get/develop an infection 受到感染spread an infection 传播传染病th
7、e source of an infection 传染源The other was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.White blood cells fight _(infect).Every year,there are people unlucky enough to be infected _ the flu.Some people didnt bother about it because they didnt think they could _(infect).infectio
8、nwithbe infectedgermdm:n微生物微生物;细菌细菌;病菌病菌subscribe sbskrabv.认购认购(股份股份);定期订购定期订购;定期缴纳定期缴纳(会费会费)subscribe to.同意同意;赞同赞同proof pruf n.证据证据;证明证明;检验检验proof of.的证据/证明have some proof that.有一些证据proof of purchase 购买凭证provide/give proof 提供证据proof of identity 身份证明It was correct,but he still needed proof.They say
9、they have scientific proof _ the treatment works.Everyone has an ability to create proof _ their talent,knowledge and skills.Proof _ purchase must _(provide)before a refund can be made.thatofofbe providedmultiple mltpl adj.数量多的数量多的;多种多样的多种多样的 pump pmp n.泵泵;抽水机抽水机;打气筒打气筒water pump 水泵水泵household n一家人；
10、家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人poor/wealthy households 贫穷/富裕家庭highincome/lowincome households 高/低收入家庭household goods/products 家庭用品However,some households(such as 20 and 21 Broad Street,and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street)had had no deaths.电子设备的平均数量从1992年的每户4台上升到2007年的每户13台。The average number of electronic devices rose from
11、 four _ in 1992 to 13 in 2007.那些家庭按一家之主的职业来分类。Those families are classified _per householdby the occupation of the head of the householdsuspect vt.&vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任n犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象suspect sb.of(doing)sth.怀疑某人(做)某事suspect.to be/as 怀疑是The police suspect him of occupying the house illegally.Some people suspecte
12、d him _ theft.The police suspected the designer _(be)the murderer.Two _(suspect)in connection with the killing are now being questioned.ofto besuspectsblame blem v.把把归咎于归咎于.;责怪责怪;指责指责 n.责备责备;指责指责(1)blame sb.for(doing)sth.责备某人(做)某事blame sth.on.把某事归咎于be to blame(for sth.)(对某事)负有责任(2)take/bear the blam
13、e for.对承担责任put/lay/place the blame for sth.on.把某事归咎于She doesnt blame anyone _ her fathers death.The narrator was _(blame)for the wrong interpretation.We were ready to take the blame _what had happened.They think the blame should be placed _the conductor.forto blameforonhandle n把手；拉手；柄vt.处理(deal with
14、)；(用手)触，拿，搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)(1)the handle of a knife 刀柄turn the handle 转动把手a broom handle 扫帚把(2)handle sth.well/perfectly/badly/poorly 处理某事好/完美/不好/很差handle a problem 处理问题He refused to allow his secretary to handle secret documents.The police are expert at _(handle)conflicts like this.Some people are b
15、rilliant with computers,but have no idea how _(handle)other people._(转动把手)and you will open the safe.handlingto handleTurn the handle intervention ntvenn:n.介入介入;出面出面;干涉干涉link n联系；纽带vt.把连接起来；相关联(1)a link between.(and.)(与)之间的联系/纽带There is a link between.and.和之间有联系(2)把A与B连接/联系起来be linked with/to 与有联系/有
16、关link up(with)(与)结合，连接Is there a link between poverty and crime?Regular air traffic links the city _ the rest of the country.High unemployment is not necessarily linked _ the rise in prices.There are a lot of wireless _(link)in a radio.The television camera _(link)to a computer.to/withto/withlinksis
17、 linked raw r adj.未煮的未煮的;生的生的;未经处理的未经处理的;原始的原始的pure pj(r)adj.干净的干净的;纯的纯的;纯粹的纯粹的substantial sbstnl adj.大量的大量的;价值巨大的价值巨大的;重大的重大的decrease n减少；降低；减少量vt.&vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低(1)a decrease in.在方面减少on the decrease 在减少(反义短语：on the increase在增加)(2)decrease(from.)to.(从)减少到(表示减少后的量)decrease by.减少了(表示减少的量)There
18、has been some decrease in unemployment rate.The number of students in each class is _ the decrease.The decrease _ sales was almost 20 percent.The production of wheat has decreased _ 20%because of the dry weather.oninbymultiple adj.数量多的；多种多样的n倍数a multiple crash 连环撞车multiple meanings 多个含义multiplechoic
19、e questions 多选题multiply A by B A乘以Bmultiply five by three 五乘以三multiplication table 乘法表We must multiply our efforts to explore the future and seek truths.The director won _(multiply)awards for the movie.10 is a multiple _5.If you multiply 7 _3,you will get 21.Joy _(multiply)when it is _(share)among f
20、riends.multipleofbymultiplies shared thanks to.:幸亏幸亏;由于由于statistic sttstk n.(复数复数)统计数字统计数字;统计资料统计资料;统计学统计学transform trnsfmv.使改观使改观;使改变形态使改变形态;改变改变;转变转变epidemiology epdimildi:n.流行病学流行病学 microscope makrskp n.显微镜显微镜thinking n思想；思维；见解creative thinking 创造性思维independent thinking 独立思考do some thinking 思考to
21、my(way of)thinking 据我的观点，依我看without thinking 不假思索Immediately he begins to speak,his clear thinking will impress you._(在我看来),health is more important than anything else._(独立思考)is a necessary skill for all leaders.The _(think)behind the campaign is to help people to realise the importance of environme
22、ntal protection.Critical _(think)and creative _(think)are very important and necessary for a student in college.To my way of thinkingIndependent thinkingthinkingthinking thinking protein prtin:n.蛋白质蛋白质cell sel n.细胞细胞;小房间小房间;单间牢房单间牢房virus vars n.病毒病毒finding n发现；调查结果；研究结果；(法律)判决the findings of the sur
23、vey 调查发现fact finding 查明事实；实地调查direction finding 测向；电子探向What was the finding that Snow announced?The _(find)_ the committee will be published tomorrow.Im moving,so I need boxes _ my _(belong).He keeps all his _(save)in the bank.findingsofforbelongingssavingsinitial adj.最初的；开始的；第一的 n(姓名的)首字母the initia
24、l stage/phase/period 最初阶段the initial stages of the disease 疾病的早期阶段my initial reaction 我最初的反应After the initial cheers,the noise of the crowd began to die away as the band started playing.My _(initially)reaction was to refuse.George Bernard Shaw was well known by his _(initial)GBS.She came _(initial)t
25、o spend a few days,but in the end she stayed for a whole month.initialinitialsinitially vaccine vksin:n.疫苗疫苗framework fremwk n.框架框架;结构结构theoretical framework 理论框架理论框架solid adj.可靠的；固体的；坚实的n固体a solid foundation 坚实的基础solid food 固体食物solid waste 固体废料solid ground 坚固的地面liquids and solids 液体与固体You should pr
26、esent solid evidence to prove your point.Ice is water _ a solid state.Coal belongs _ solid fuel.He laid _(坚实的基础)for his future career.intoa solid foundationcast vt.(cast,cast)投射(光、影子等)；向投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷n投，掷，抛(钓线)；(一出戏剧或一部电影的)全体演员cast a shadow over/on sth.投下一片阴影，给蒙上阴影be cast down(by sth.)(因某事)沮丧，不愉快cast
27、 back(to)回想；追溯He didnt want to cast a shadow on their happiness.The moon _(cast)bright light over the garden when I saw through the window.You may remember if you cast _ for a few days.Anyone would _(cast)down by such news as that.castbackbe castshadow n阴影；影子；背光处cast a shadow 投影in the shadows 在阴暗处in
28、 the shadow of 在阴影下eye shadow 眼影，眼睑膏Her fathers illness had cast a shadow over the birth of her baby.Her face was _(被暗影遮掩).Nothing would grow _(在的阴影里)the grey wall.in deep shadowin the shadow ofrainbow renb n.彩虹彩虹pour vt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)vi.(雨)倾盆而下，下大雨pour in 使流入，使灌入pour sth.into.把某物倒进pour cold water on/o
29、ver.对泼冷水pour down 流下；(雨)倾盆而下pour out 涌出；倒出；倾诉Messages poured in with offers of support.I poured the milk from the bottle _ the cups.After the conference the people poured _ in crowds.We were sailing on the sea when it suddenly poured _intooutdownconcrete kkrit adj.混凝土制的混凝土制的;确实的确实的;具体的具体的 n混凝土混凝土pla
30、sma plzm n.血浆血浆aerospace erspes n.航空航天工业航空航天工业patriotic petritk adj.爱国的爱国的mechanical mknkl adj.机械的机械的;发动机的发动机的;机器的机器的mechanic mknk:n.机械师机械师;机械修理工机械修理工break out(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始突然开始;爆发爆发aviation evien n.航空制造业航空制造业;航空航空;飞行飞行defend vt.保卫，保护；防御，防守；辩解；为辩护defend.from/against(doing).保护免受defend
31、 oneself against sth.保护自己不受；为自己辩护defend oneself 为自己辩护/辩解defend ones argument 为某人的论点辩护The dam was built to defend the road from being washed away by the sea.The fort cannot be defended _ an air attack.Like their children,parents are often _(defend)about their private lives.The drunken man in wornout
32、clothes made a gesture in _(defend).from/againstdefensivedefencejet det n.喷气式飞机喷气式飞机assistant n助理；助手an assistant teacher in the school 学校的助教the assistant to sb.某人的助理/助手assist v.帮助；援助；协助assistance n.帮助；援助assist sb.with sth.帮助某人某事a senior research assistant 高级研究助理I have such a good command of English
33、that I am elected as _(assistance)to my English teacher.It was the professor rather than his _(assist)that was to blame for what had happened in the lab.assistantassistantin charge of.主管主管;掌管掌管missile msal n.导弹导弹leadership lidp n.领导领导;领导地位领导地位;领导才能领导才能trace vt.追溯；追踪；查出 nC痕迹；U遗迹；踪迹trace.back to.追溯到tr
34、ace.to.追查到The burglar had left several traces of his presence.At last the noise was traced _ a fault in the pipes.His father claims to be able to trace the family back _ many centuries ago.These quotations cannot readily _(trace)to their sources.totobe tracedoutstanding atstnd adj.优秀的优秀的;杰出的杰出的;明显的明
35、显的gifted adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的(1)gift n.天赋，天才，才能(2)be gifted in(doing)sth.在(做)方面有天赋(be talented in)(3)have a gift/talent for 有天赋show a talent for 显示出天赋be talented in/at 在方面有天赋(4)a gifted dancer/musician 天才舞蹈演员/音乐家He is gifted with the ability to understand various people and their cultures.Man is the
36、only creature that is gifted _ speech.Brian is _(gift)in writing music;he is likely to be a Beethoven.I believe my father is a _(talent)man.withgiftedtalentedcome down 患患(病病);染上染上(小病小病)abstract adj.抽象的；理性的(反义词：concrete具体的)n(文献等的)摘要(1)abstract idea/concept 抽象思想/概念in the abstract 抽象地；理论上(相当于in theory)
37、a concrete floor 混凝土地面concrete evidence/proposals/proof 确凿的证据/具体的建议/具体的证明(2)make an abstract of.把的要点摘录下来We may talk of beautiful things,but beauty itself is abstract.I like dogs _ the abstract,but I cant bear this one.You should make _ abstract of what the professor says.“美”和“真理”是抽象的概念。_inan“Beauty”
38、and“truth”are abstract ideas.steady adj.稳定的；平稳地；稳步的steady aim 稳定的目标steady income 固定的收入steady jobs 固定的工作be steady in ones principle 坚持原则He is a steady young man.He prefers _ steady life.Relax as much as possible and keep breathing _(steady).The exports _(正稳步增长)year by year.She has _(稳定的收入).asteadilya
39、re steadily increasinga steady income concept knsept n.概念概念;观念观念astronomer strnm(r)n.天文学家天文学家astronomy strnmi n.天文学天文学telescope telskp n.望远镜望远镜besides prep.除之外(还)adv.而且；此外表示“此外”的词或短语还有furthermore,in addition等He had other people to take care of besides me.Bicycling can boost your health;_，it does not
40、 pollute the air.How about your journey to Mount Emei?Everything was wonderful except _ our car broke down twice on the way.besidesthatbrilliant brljnt adj.聪颖的聪颖的;绝妙的绝妙的;明亮的明亮的furthermore fm(r)adv.此外此外;再者再者above all 最重要的是最重要的是;尤其是尤其是above all 最重要的是最重要的是;尤其是尤其是fault n弱点，缺点；过错，过失；缺陷，毛病，故障a major fault
41、 in the design 设计中的一个重大失误an electrical fault 电路故障Its ones fault for(doing)sth.(做)某事是某人的过失。Its ones fault that.是某人的过失。In my opinion,both of the drivers were at fault.The more experienced you are,the easier it is to find fault _ other peoples ideas.If my memory was not _ fault,it was Thursday.He has m
42、any _(fault),but cruelty is not one of them.withatfaultsshift n改变；转换；轮班vi.&vt.转移；挪动；转向a shift in sth.某方面的转变a dramatic shift in public opinion 公众舆论的急剧变化a shift of emphasis 重点的转移working in shifts 轮班工作He shifted his luggage to his flat.After the guard recovered from his injury,he went on the night shif
43、t again._Lend me a hand to shift this box,will you？_This accident caused a dramatic shift in public opinion._名词，轮班动词，挪动名词，改变vivid adj.生动的；鲜明的；丰富的vivid memories 清晰的记忆a vivid imagination 活跃的想象力a vivid description 生动的描述give a vivid account of.生动描述He gave a vivid account of his life as a fighter pilot.T
44、he characters in the book are _(vivid)presented.I _(vivid)remember the day we first met.The dream was _(如此逼真)he felt himself to be awake.vividlyvividlyso vivid thatQueen Victoria 维多利亚女王维多利亚女王(英国女王英国女王)vktrCambridge kembrd 剑桥剑桥(英国城市英国城市)non-Newtonian fluid 非牛顿流体非牛顿流体nn njutnin flud n.液体液体;流体流体 the Jet Propulsion Laboratory喷气推进实验室喷气推进实验室(美国美国)prpln lbrtriStephen Hawking 史蒂芬霍金史蒂芬霍金(英国物理学家英国物理学家)stivn hkthe big bang theory 大爆炸宇宙论大爆炸宇宙论 b riFred Hoyle 雷德霍伊尔雷德霍伊尔(英国天文学家英国天文学家)fred hl
