1、高考英语备考语法之状语从句 Allen HeAllen He12状语从句状语从句(adverbial clause)(adverbial clause)含义：在句中作状语，可修饰主句中的动词、形容词和副词等。用法：状语从句可放在句首或句末。放在句首时，从句后面常用逗号；放在句末时，从句前面往往不用逗号。3种类 状语从句根据它们的含义分为：时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、方式状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句、比较状语从句等九种。4连词引导时间状语从句的连词有：when、while、the moment、before、after、till、unless、s
2、ince、as soon as 等5一、时间状语从句一、时间状语从句1、while,when,whenever和as的用法比较（1）while常表示一段较长的时间或一个过程，强调主句的动词和从句的动词所表示的动作或状态是同时发生的。从句的动词通常是延续性动词或系动词。此时while可用when或as替换。Dont talk so loud while(as)others are working while(as)others are working.别人工作时，请勿大声说话。The landlady suspected that someone must have broken into th
3、e house while(when,as)she was watching TV show.女房东怀疑在她看电视时曾有人闯入屋里。6（2）when 引导的时间状语从句，可指时间的一点，也可以指一段时间，从句的谓语动词可用终止性动词，也可用持续性动词。when表示在某个具体的时间里发生的动作。此时，when不能用as或while替换。When she comes,I shall tell her to wait for you.她来的时候我会告诉她等你的。(指具体的时间点)7 表示一个动作与另一个动作在同一时间发生，或一个动作在另一个动作所延续的时间范围之内发生。此时，when可以用as或wh
4、ile替换。He entered the room when(while,as)the meeting was going on.正当开会的时候他走进了房间。8 表示从句的动作发生后，主句的动作立即发生。此时，when表示动作的先后顺序，相当于after,不能用as或while替换。When he had done his homework,he watched television.=After he had done his homework,he watched television.他做完作业后看电视。9 两个同时发生的动作，如果不是一次性而是重复性的，即过去或现在的习惯动作，可用连词
5、when或whenever,意思是“每当的时候”。例如：When(Whenever)he goes to town,he always visits his aunt.每当他去镇上，他都去拜访他姑姑。She always felt ill when(whenever)she ate oyster.她每次吃牡蛎都会生病。10（3）as 用as时主句和从句的动作往往同时发生，具有延伸意义，一般同延续性动词连用，有时可译作“一边一边”。As time went onAs time went on,his theory proved to be correct.随着时间的推移，他的理论被证明是正确的。
6、AsAs（whenwhen）he finished the speech,he finished the speech,the audience burst into applause.他讲话结束的时候，听众掌声雷动。（指一点时间不能用while）1112 2 2、名词词组引导时间状语从句、名词词组引导时间状语从句 有时名词every time(每次)，the next time(下一次)，the next day(第二天)，the moment(一就)，the instant,the second,the year等，也可起从属连词的作用，引导时间状语从句。Every time you ge
7、t back at nightEvery time you get back at night,you drop your shoes on the floor.你每一次晚上回来，都把鞋子丢在地板上。3 3、副词作连词用引导时间状语从句、副词作连词用引导时间状语从句13144 4、sincesince和和beforebefore的用法比较的用法比较两者均可用于It+be.+since/before-从句的句型。区别在于since表示“自从以来”，所在主、从句的谓语动词的时态关系是:It is/has been sometime since sb.did sth.。而before的含义是“(过了
8、多久)才”，主、从句的时态关系是:It was/had been some time before sb.did sth.。表过去和将来时，两者相应的句型分别是:It was some time since sb.had done sth.和It will be some time before sb.does sth.It is 30 years since he joined the revolutionsince he joined the revolution.他参加革命己三十年了。It was three days before he came backbefore he came
9、back.他三天后才回来。It was not long before he came backbefore he came back.不久他就会来了。15特殊句型：Hardly/Scarcely+完成式+when.No sooner+完成式+than.Hardly had we got into the country when it began to rain.=We had hardly got into the country when it began to rain.16No sooner had he come home than she started complaining.
10、=He had no sooner come home than she started complaining.He had no sooner arrived there than he fell ill.She had scarcely fallen asleep when a knock at the door awakened her.17ever since(自从)与since句型：It is/was.since.It was just a week since we arrived here.You have been reading to me ever since James
11、 went out.(强调时间长)The big clock was damaged during the war and has been silent ever since.(可放句末)My uncle went to Tibet in 1981.He has been living there ever since.(从那以后）18二、地点状语从句二、地点状语从句地点状语从句一般由where(在地方;那里)，wherever(无论哪里)和everywhere(在每一个地方)引导。After the war,a new school building was put up where th
12、ere had once been where there had once been a theatrea theatre.战后，一所新学校在以前的剧院处建成。You should make it a rule to leave things where you can find them againwhere you can find them again.你应当养成惯例，将东西放在你能找到的地方。She found her calculator where she lost itwhere she lost it.他在她丢的地方找到了计算器。Everywhere they wentEve
13、rywhere they went,the distinguished guests were warmly welcomed.贵宾每到一处都受到了热烈的欢迎。19 三、原因状语从句三、原因状语从句 原因状语从句一般由because(因为)，since(既然)，as(由于)，now that(既然，因为)等连词引导 1 1、because,since,as,forbecause,since,as,for和和now thatnow that引导原因状语从引导原因状语从句句（1）because 表示直接的原因或理由，表示原因的语气最强，常表示必然的因果关系。回答以why引起的特殊疑问句，只能用be
14、cause。Jane wore a raincoat because it was rainingbecause it was raining.因为天下雨，所以詹穿着雨衣20（2）since表示对方已经知晓、无须加以说明的原因或事实，语气比because稍弱。Ill do it for you since you are busysince you are busy.既然你忙，我来替你做吧。Since you insistSince you insist,Ill go.既然你坚持，那我就去。（3）as表示的往往是十分明显的原因，听者或读者已经知道或能看得出来，语气较弱，只附带说明，比较口语化。
15、We had better hurry as its getting darkas its getting dark.因为天快要黑了，我们最好快点。As you objectAs you object,Ill change the plan.由于你反对，我将改变计划。21 4）for for是并列连词，它引导的分句不表示直接的原因，而是用来附带解释或说明前面一句的情况。for引导的分句常位于第一分句之后，它们之间用逗号隔开。It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet for the ground is wet this mornin
16、gthis morning.昨晚准是下雨了，今天早上地面还是湿的。The day breaks,for the birds are singinfor the birds are singing.小鸟在歌唱，一定是天亮了。22（5）now that 意为既然，与since同义，但更突出事实本身。Now that everyone is here,Now that everyone is here,lets begin our meeting.既然大家都来了，我们就开始开会吧。Now that I am well againNow that I am well again,I can go on
17、 with my work.我既然恢复了健康，那就可以继续工作了。232 2、seeing that,considering thatseeing that,considering that和和in thatin that引导原因状语从句引导原因状语从句 这几个连词同since,as 近义，都有“鉴于某个事实，原因”是之意。Considering that hes only been learning English a yearConsidering that hes only been learning English a year,he speaks it very well.鉴于他只学
18、了一年，他英语讲得就是很好。Seeing that he was illSeeing that he was ill,they sent for the doctor.鉴于他病情严重，他们派人请医生。In that she is illIn that she is ill,she feels unable to do it.因为病了，她觉得不能做那件事。24 3、not thatbut that引导原因状语从句 这是一种加强语气的表示原因的结构，意为“不是因为，而是因为”Not thatNot that I dont like the film,but thatbut that I have
19、no time for it.不是因为我不喜欢这部电影，而是因为我没时间看。The soldiers essential honor was not thatnot that he killed his enemy,but thatbut that he was willing to die.军人的真正光荣不是杀敌，而是不惜牺牲。25四、目的状语从句四、目的状语从句1 1、thatthat，so thatso that，in order thatin order that引导目的状语从句引导目的状语从句目的状语从句由that，so that，in order that等引导。从句中的谓语动词前
20、常有情态动词may、might、can、could、will,would等。John shut everybody out of the kitchen so that he could prepare his so that he could prepare his grand surprise for the party.grand surprise for the party.约翰把其他人关在厨房外，目的是能够为晚会烹饪出人意料的东西。These men risk their lives in order that we may live more safely.in order tha
21、t we may live more safely.这些人甘冒生命危险，是为了让我们活得更安全些。26 2 2、lest,for fear thatlest,for fear that和和in casein case引导目的状语从句引导目的状语从句 这三个连词词组的意思是“以防，以免”。lest的从句一般要用虚拟语气，形式是“should+动词原形”或省掉should。for fear that和in case从句一般用虚拟语气，但有时也可以用陈述语气。I obeyed her lest she should be angrylest she should be angry.我得顺着她，免得她
22、生气。Take a hat with you in case the sun is very hotin case the sun is very hot.倘若太阳很利害，你就把帽子戴上。27五、结果状语从句五、结果状语从句1 1、so thatso that，sothat,suchthatsothat,suchthat引导结果状语从句引导结果状语从句 So difficult did I feel it to live in an English-speaking country thatSo difficult did I feel it to live in an English-spe
23、aking country that I determined to learn English well.我感到在讲英语的国家里生活太难了，因此我决定学好英语。He worked hard so thatso that he passed the exam.他学习很努力，结果通过了考试。He spoke for such a long time thatsuch a long time that people began to fall asleep.他讲了那么长时间，人们开始打起瞌睡了。28 2 2、sothatsothat与与suchthatsuchthat的区别的区别 这两种结构都可引
24、导结果状语从句。so是副词，后接形容词或副词；such是形容词，后接名词。（1）单数名词 在so.that与such.that中间出现的是单数名词，且该名词前有形容词修饰时，这两种结构可互换，但要注意它们的词序不同:such+a/an+形容词十名词=so+形容词+a/an+名词。She is such a good teacher thatsuch a good teacher that all of us love her.=She is so good a teacher thatso good a teacher that all of us love her.她是一位很好的老师，我们都
25、敬爱她。29（2）不可数名词或复数可数名词 如果被修饰的是不可数名词或复数可数名词时，一般须用such.that。He made such rapid progress thatsuch rapid progress that before long he began to write articles in English.他进步很快，不久就开始用英语写文章。(不可数名词)They are such interesting books thatsuch interesting books that we all want to read them.这些书是那么有趣以致我们都想读一读。(复数可
26、数名词)30（3）名词前有many，much，little，few修饰时如果不可数名词或复数可数名词前有many，much，little，few修饰时，则用sothat。Ive had so many falls thatso many falls that Im black and blue all over.我摔了好多次跤，周身青一块紫一块的。(复数可数名词)George had so little money thatso little money that he had to get a job.乔治没有钱，所以他不得不找工作干。(不可数名词)They are such little
27、children thatsuch little children that they cant do anything.他们是小孩,什么事情都干不了。31六、比较状语从句六、比较状语从句比较状语从句一般由比较状语从句一般由asas(asas(和一样和一样)，not as/soas(not as/soas(与与不一样不一样)，than(than(比比),the more,the more(),the more,the more(越越越越)引导。引导。The director gave me a better offer than than he gave Dick.导师给我的提议比给狄克的好。
28、In recent years travel companies have succeeded in selling us the idea that the the furtherfurther we go,the betterthe better our holiday will be.近几年旅游公司已成功地对我们公众宣传了去得越远，假日越好的观点。John plays football as well as,as well as,if not better than not better than,David.如果说约翰的足球踢的不比大卫好，至少和他踢的一样好。I cant run as
29、/so fast as he canas/so fast as he can.我不能跑得他那样快32七、让步状语从句七、让步状语从句让步状语从句由让步状语从句由thoughthough，althoughalthough，as as，even if(though)even if(though)，howeverhowever，whateverwhatever，whoeverwhoever，wheneverwhenever，no matter+whno matter+wh词，等引导。词，等引导。1 1、even if,even though,althougheven if,even though,a
30、lthough，thoughthough引导的让步状语从引导的让步状语从句句 这四个词（词组）都有“虽然、即使、尽管”的意思。even if和even though带有较强的意味，都不能和but连用，但可以和yet,still或nevertheless连用。even if，even though所接的句子常用虚拟语气。We wont give up even if we should fail ten timesif we should fail ten times.即使是我们失败十次，我们也不会放弃。He might have given you more help，even though
31、he was very busyeven though he was very busy尽管他很忙，他可能给了你更多的帮助。332 2、as as或或thoughthough引导让步状语从句引导让步状语从句形容词+as/though+主语谓语副词动词分词名词（1）由as或though引导让步状语从句用倒装语序Proud as these nobles areProud as these nobles are,he is afraid to see me.这些贵族尽管很傲慢，他们却害怕见我。（2）如果表语为单数可数名词，这个名词不带冠词 12-year-old girl as she is12-
32、year-old girl as she is,she has had a good command of English.她虽然只是个12岁的女孩，但是她已经熟知英语。Child as he isChild as he is，he knows a lot.虽然他还是个孩子，却懂的很多。34(3)如果句中谓语包含情态动词或助动词，则将实意动词放在as之前Try as I mightTry as I might，I couldnt lift the stone.我使多大劲儿也搬不动这块石头。Praised as he wasPraised as he was,he remained modest
33、.他虽然受到表扬，但仍然保持着谦虚。（4）如果句中谓语仅有实意动词，则将实意动词(原形)放在as之前，并在主语后面加助动词do,does,did或will。Torture her as they didTorture her as they did,the enemy got nothing out of her.虽然敌人拷打她，却没有能从她嘴里得到什么。Fail as he didFail as he did,he would never give up.尽管他失败了，但他决不会放弃。注:但是，如果在这种情况下，句中谓语有副词修饰，则将副词放在as之前。Again and again as
34、he failedAgain and again as he failed,he didnt lose heart.他虽然多次失败，但仍不灰心丧气。Much as I admire his courageMuch as I admire his courage,I dont think he acted wisely.我虽然佩服他的勇气，但是我认为他这样做是不明智的。353 3、由、由no matter+whno matter+wh词和由疑问词词和由疑问词everever引导让步状语从句引导让步状语从句由no matter引导，表示“不管；无论”；由疑问词ever引导，表示“不管，不论”。这类
35、词有：whatever，whichever，whoever，however，whenever，wherever等,他们相当于no matter+what（which，who，how，when，where），都不能与but，so，and等并列连词同时使用。Well have to finish the job,however(no matter how)long it takeshowever(no matter how)long it takes.不管需要多长时间，我们都一定完成这项工作。No matter what(Whatever)you doNo matter what(Whatever
36、)you do,dont tell him that I told you this.无论你做什么，别告诉他我对你说过这件事。36 4 4、由、由whetherwhetheroror引导让步状语从句引导让步状语从句 由whetheror引导让步状语从句表示“不论还是”，提供两种对比的情况。I shall go,whether you come with me or stay at homewhether you come with me or stay at home.不论你来还是留在家中，我都要去。Whether we like a particular piece of news or n
37、otWhether we like a particular piece of news or not,all we have to do is sit in front of the tube and“let it happen”.不管我们喜欢不喜欢一条消息,我们所能做的只是坐在电视机前，“让它过去”。37attentionas也可以引导让步状语从句，但要用倒装句Young as he is,he knows a lot.=Though he is young/Young though he is38 八、条件状语从句八、条件状语从句 条件状语从句可以位于主句前面或后面。由if，unless
38、引导 if“如果”；unless意为“除非，如果不”（if not）You will be late unless you leave immediatelyunless you leave immediately.除非你立即走，否则，你会迟到。If you dont hurry upIf you dont hurry up,youll be late.如果你不快点，你就会晚了。Well go there unless it rainsunless it rains.如果不下雨，我们就去那儿。392、由suppose，supposing，as/so long as，providing,prov
39、ided,on condition that和in case等引导 这类连词（词组）意思相近，有：“如果、假设、即使、在条件下”等意义。Suppose(Supposing)he is illSuppose(Supposing)he is ill,what shall we do?如果他病了，我们该怎么办？Youll do all right,as long as you follow his adviceas long as you follow his advice.只要你听从他的劝告，你就会干得很好的。In case John comesIn case John comes,please
40、tell him to wait.假如约翰来了，请让他稍候。You may keep the book a further week provided(that)no one else requires provided(that)no one else requires it.it.倘若这本书没有其他人想借的话，你可以再续借一个礼拜。40 九、方式状语从句九、方式状语从句 方式状语从句一般由as(正如；按照)，as if/as though(好像),the way等引导。1 1、as if as if 和和as thoughas though引导方式状语从句引导方式状语从句 as if 和a
41、s though意为“好像、仿佛”可以用虚拟语气表示不符合事实或与事实相反的情况；也可以用陈述语气表示符合事实的情况。He walked slowly as if he had hurt his legas if he had hurt his leg.他慢慢地走，她像腿受伤的样子。He spoke as if he knew the question very weas if he knew the question very well.他说得好像对这个问题知道得很清楚。41 2 2、the waythe way引导方式状语从句引导方式状语从句 the way它的作用相当于the manne
42、r，后面的引导词常用that引导方式状语，而且经常省略。此时，一般不用in which引导。I dont like the way you speak to herthe way you speak to her.我不喜欢你和她说话的方式。We didnt like the way that he treated us.the way that he treated us.我不喜欢他对待我们的方式。42 :什么时候可以省略什么时候可以省略?怎么省略怎么省略?在含有状语从句的复合句中若从句的主句是在含有状语从句的复合句中若从句的主句是it it或与或与主句的主语相同，且在谓语中含有主句的主语相同
43、，且在谓语中含有bebe时，常省略从时，常省略从句的主语和句的主语和bebe。1.1._ (_ (在北京的时候在北京的时候),I paid a visit),I paid a visit to the Summer Palace.to the Summer Palace.2.2._(_(当是个年轻人的时候当是个年轻人的时候),),Abraham Lincoln was a storekeeper and a postmaster.Abraham Lincoln was a storekeeper and a postmaster.3.3.He has no money._(He has no
44、money._(要是有的话要是有的话),he will give us.),he will give us.4.4._(_(除非修理除非修理),the machine is of no use.),the machine is of no use.5.5._(_(要是给更多的关注要是给更多的关注),The),The boy could have turned out better.boy could have turned out better.6 6.A girl stood at the gate of the school as if _.A girl stood at the gate
45、 of the school as if _ _(_(跟老师讲话跟老师讲话).).When/While in BeijingWhen/While in BeijingWhen/As a young manWhen/As a young manIf anyIf anyUnless repairedUnless repairedIf given more attention toIf given more attention to talking with a teachertalking with a teacher4336.If a lot of people say a film is no
46、t good,I wont bother to see it,or Ill wait _ it comes out on DVD.（11年 时间状语从句）A whether B.after C.thoughD.until37.The police officers in our city work hard _ the rest of us can live a safe life.（11年 目的状语从句）A.in caseB.as if C.in order thatD.only if4434.you may have,you should gather your courage to fa
47、ce the challenge.（10年 让步状语从句）A.However a serious problem B.What a serious problem C.However serious a problem D.What serious a problem39.our manager objects to Toms joining the club,we shall accept him as a member.(10年 条件状语从句)A.Until B.Unless C.If D.After4532.You cant borrow books from the school li
48、brary _ you get your student card.（09 时间状语）A.before B.if C.while D.as31.Are you ready for Spain?Yes.1 want the girls to experience that _they are young.（08 时间状语从句）A.while B.until C.if D.before46 40._well prepared you are,you still need a lot of luck in mountain climbing.（08 让步状语从句）A.However B.Whatev
49、er C.No matter D.Although 38.Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water _ they are not managed carefully.（07年 条件壮语从句）A.thoughB.before C.until D.if4730.In ancient times,people rarely travelled long distances and most farmers only travelled the local market.（10年 句意）A.longer than B.more than C.a
50、s much as D.as far as28.The Great Wall is _ tourist attraction that millions of people pour in every year.（09年 语法 such/sothat句型）A.so a well-known B.a so well-known C.such well-known a D.such a well-known4827.In my view,Londons not as expensive in price as Tokyo but Tokyo is _in traffic.（08年 形容词比较级）A
