1、动词专题实义动词实义动词系动词系动词助动词助动词情态动词情态动词1、及物动词：本身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。I like the book.2、不及物动词：自身意思完整，无需接宾语。Birds can fly.一、实义动词1、动词+宾语I like English very much.2、动词+宾语+宾补We call the bird Polly(n.).加名词作宾补的词有choose,consider,elect,make,nameI would like you to come to my home tomorrow.3、动词+宾语+不定式(to do)（宾补）advise
2、 allow cause enable encouragefind forbid force wish invite order permit persuade remind tell warn expect wish动词+宾语+省略to to 的不定式（宾补）一些动词要掌握，have,let和make,此三动词是使役，“注意”“观察”“听到”see，还有feel和watch，使用它们要仔细，后接“宾补”略去“to”，此点千万要牢记 一感feel,二听hear,listen to,三让have,let,make,四看see,look at,observe,watch 动词+adj(做补语)co
3、lour,keep,find,get,leave,make,paint,cutPlease colour it red.I find it interesting.动词加现在分词做补语get/leave/keep/set/catch/have sb.doing;see/find/watch/feel/hear/listen to/discover sb.doing如:他让我等了整整一上午。He kept me waiting the whole morning.动词加过去分词（补语）过去分词作宾补时，常见的词有过去分词作宾补时，常见的词有have,get,makehave,get,make h
4、ave sth donehave sth done我理发了。我理发了。I have had my hair cut.I have had my hair cut.我让别人明白了。我让别人明白了。I made myself heard.I made myself heard.I made myself I made myself hear that songhear that song.3.动词+间接宾语+直接宾语bring,hand,lend,bring,hand,lend,mail,offer,owe,pass,mail,offer,owe,pass,post,read,post,read,
5、return,return,send,sell,show,send,sell,show,take,teach,tell,take,teach,tell,throw,writethrow,write+sb+sth/sth to sbbook,buy,choose cook,draw,fetch find,fix,get make,order,pick prepare save sing spare steal+sb sth/sth for sb不及物动词1.没有被动形式的词happen,occur,rise,lie,die既作及物又有不及物动词的词他跑的快。He runs fast.他经营一家工
6、厂。He runs a factory.study，fly，run,change二、掌握动词的现在时第三人称单数、过去式、掌握动词的现在时第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词四种形式的构成规则；过去分词和现在分词四种形式的构成规则；1、动词现在时的第三人称单数的构成：、动词现在时的第三人称单数的构成：2 2、动词的过去式及过去分词的构成 规则动词的变化：规则动词的过去式和过去分词的构成方法是相同的。不规则动词的变化。不规则动词的变化。3、动词的现在分词的构成：、动词的现在分词的构成：三、掌握系动词be,look,feel,smell,get,become,turn,keepbe,look,
7、feel,smell,get,become,turn,keep等的基本用法；常见的连系动词有：常见的连系动词有：become,turn,get,become,turn,get,grow,keep,feel,look,seem,smell,fallgrow,keep,feel,look,seem,smell,fall等。等。它它们后面常接形容词，构成系表结构。们后面常接形容词，构成系表结构。Please keep the classroom clean.Please keep the classroom clean.请保持教室的干净。请保持教室的干净。The bread looks very f
8、resh.The bread looks very fresh.这些面包看上去很新鲜。这些面包看上去很新鲜。状态变化系动词gocometurngrowfallgetbecome四、掌握助动词be,do,have,shall,willbe,do,have,shall,will的基本用法；助动词是助动词是“辅助性辅助性”动词，一般没有词义，不能单独动词，一般没有词义，不能单独作谓语，但可用来帮助构成谓语，表示不同的时态，作谓语，但可用来帮助构成谓语，表示不同的时态，语态，和数的变化。语态，和数的变化。常见的助动词有：常见的助动词有：（1 1）be(am,is,are,was,were,being,
9、been)be(am,is,are,was,were,being,been)与现在分词结合，与现在分词结合，构成各种进行时态；或与过去分词结合构成被动语态。构成各种进行时态；或与过去分词结合构成被动语态。Im looking for my pen.Im looking for my pen.我正在找我的笔。（现在进行时）我正在找我的笔。（现在进行时）These cups are made in China.These cups are made in China.这些杯子是中国制造的。（被动这些杯子是中国制造的。（被动语态）语态）（2 2）have(has,had,having)have(ha
10、s,had,having)与过去分词结合，构成完成时。与过去分词结合，构成完成时。They have known each other for twenty years.They have known each other for twenty years.他们互相认识有二十年了。（现在完成时）他们互相认识有二十年了。（现在完成时）He had built a chemistry lab for himself at the age He had built a chemistry lab for himself at the age of ten.of ten.他十岁时就已经为自己建了一个化
11、学实验室。（过去完成时）他十岁时就已经为自己建了一个化学实验室。（过去完成时）（3 3）助动词助动词do(does,did)do(does,did)后只能跟动词原形，与后只能跟动词原形，与notnot及其他动及其他动词结合构成否定句，或置于主语之前构成疑问句。词结合构成否定句，或置于主语之前构成疑问句。He does not speak English.He does not speak English.他不说英语。他不说英语。When did he come back?When did he come back?他什么时候回来的？他什么时候回来的？（4 4）will(would),shall
12、(should)will(would),shall(should)：willwill能用于一般将来时的任何人称后；能用于一般将来时的任何人称后；wouldwould是是willwill的过去时，的过去时，能用于过去将来时；两者后面都接动词原形。能用于过去将来时；两者后面都接动词原形。The plane will arrive in ten minutes.The plane will arrive in ten minutes.飞机十分中后将飞机十分中后将要到达。要到达。I was sure we would win.I was sure we would win.我确信用我们会赢。我确信用我
13、们会赢。shallshall与与shouldshould这两个助动词本身没有词义，这两个助动词本身没有词义，shallshall只能用于一只能用于一般将来时的第一人称后；般将来时的第一人称后；shouldshould是是shallshall的过的过去时，只能用于过去将来时的第一人称后；两者后面都接动词原去时，只能用于过去将来时的第一人称后；两者后面都接动词原形。形。We shall meet at the school gate tomorrow.We shall meet at the school gate tomorrow.我们明天将在我们明天将在校门口见。校门口见。I told the
14、m that I should do the work alone.I told them that I should do the work alone.我告诉我告诉他们我将独自做那项工作。他们我将独自做那项工作。（五）掌握情态动词can,must,need,maycan,must,need,may等基本句型结构及主要用法 情态动词在英文中是情态动词在英文中是“辅助性辅助性”动词，用来表示说话人的语气或情动词，用来表示说话人的语气或情态，包括请求、命令、允诺、可能、需要、敢于、愿望、义务、能力态，包括请求、命令、允诺、可能、需要、敢于、愿望、义务、能力等。情态动词本身有词义，但词义不完全，不
15、能单独用作谓语，没有等。情态动词本身有词义，但词义不完全，不能单独用作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，且后面只跟动词原形。人称和数的变化，且后面只跟动词原形。情态动词的种类：情态动词的种类：一、连系动词一、连系动词(be,be,look,getlook,get)二、使役、感观动词二、使役、感观动词(let,let,make,feelmake,feel 三、主动表被动三、主动表被动(sell,writesell,write）四、只接动名词做宾语四、只接动名词做宾语(mind,enjoy)mind,enjoy)五、只接不定式作宾语五、只接不定式作宾语(ask,decide)ask,decide)六、宾语
16、不同、意义不同六、宾语不同、意义不同 (stop)stop)七、七、接动名词、不定式意义区别不大接动名词、不定式意义区别不大(like)like)八、宾语不同、但意义相八、宾语不同、但意义相 同同(need,require)need,require)九、接宾语和宾补、形式不同九、接宾语和宾补、形式不同(allow)allow)十、接虚拟语气十、接虚拟语气(suggest)suggest)十一、瞬间非延续性动词十一、瞬间非延续性动词(come)come)十二、表计划未能实现的动词十二、表计划未能实现的动词(plan)plan)十三、情感动词类十三、情感动词类(excite)excite)十四、否
17、定前移类十四、否定前移类(think)think)十五、不带不定式作复合宾语十五、不带不定式作复合宾语(wish,hopewish,hope)十六、十六、省略替代类省略替代类(guess)guess)（六）掌握情态动词can,must,need,maycan,must,need,may等基本句型结构及主要用法 情态动词在英文中是情态动词在英文中是“辅助性辅助性”动词，用来表示说话人的语气或情动词，用来表示说话人的语气或情态，包括请求、命令、允诺、可能、需要、敢于、愿望、义务、能力态，包括请求、命令、允诺、可能、需要、敢于、愿望、义务、能力等。情态动词本身有词义，但词义不完全，不能单独用作谓语，
18、没有等。情态动词本身有词义，但词义不完全，不能单独用作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，且后面只跟动词原形。人称和数的变化，且后面只跟动词原形。情态动词的种类：情态动词的种类：一、连系动词类变化类变化类:become,get,turn,grow,make,become,get,turn,grow,make,come,go,fall come,go,fall go bad/hungry/mad/wronggo bad/hungry/mad/wrong fall(fell-fallen)ill/asleep fall(fell-fallen)ill/asleep feel(felt-felt)sick/s
19、leepy feel(felt-felt)sick/sleepy感观类感观类:look,sound,feel,taste,smelllook,sound,feel,taste,smell His voice sounds _.His voice sounds _.A.wellA.well B.beautifullyB.beautifully C.excellentC.excellent D.wonderfullyD.wonderfullyC显得类显得类:seem,appear,lookseem,appear,look It looks It looks It seems that It see
20、ms that It appears that It appears that状态类状态类:keep,stay,remainkeep,stay,remain prove,turn out prove,turn out 1.The weather 1.The weather will_hotwill_hot for another two for another two weeks.weeks.A.lastA.last B.remainB.remain C.getC.get D.turnD.turn 2.The hot weather will 2.The hot weather will _a
21、nother two days.another two days.A.lastA.last B.remainB.remain C.getC.get D.turnD.turnBAThe weather The weather turned outturned out(to be)fine.(to be)fine.He He proved proved(to be)honest/an honest person.(to be)honest/an honest person.注：注：be,become,turn,remain be,become,turn,remain 可带名词可带名词He He r
22、emainsremains a a teacher.teacher.=He is=He is stillstill a a teacher.teacher.1.He1.He became became _ teacher._ teacher.A.a B.the C.an D./A.a B.the C.an D./A二、使役、感观动词类：let(let(不用于被动）不用于被动）,make,have,make,havesee,look at,watch,notice,observe,hear see,look at,watch,notice,observe,hear listen to,feell
23、isten to,feel1.The boss1.The boss mademade them _12 hours a day.them _12 hours a day.A.work B.to work A.work B.to work C.worked D.working C.worked D.working2.They were made_12 hours a day.2.They were made_12 hours a day.A.work B.to work A.work B.to work C.worked D.working C.worked D.workingAB口诀口诀1：四
24、四四四口诀口诀2 2：三、主动表被动类：(well,poorly,easily)well,poorly,easily)sell,wash,burn,cook,cut,drive,dress,sell,wash,burn,cook,cut,drive,dress,play,last,open,write,start,run,read,play,last,open,write,start,run,read,operate,break,measure,weighoperate,break,measure,weigh1.Dry wood 1.Dry wood burns burns easily.ea
25、sily.2.The cloth 2.The cloth washes washes well.well.3.The man always 3.The man always dresses dresses well/poorly.well/poorly.4.Your composition 4.Your composition readsreads well except for well except for a few spelling mistakes.a few spelling mistakes.5.-Have you got a ticket for the 5.-Have you
26、 got a ticket for the concert?concert?-No,the tickets_well and -No,the tickets_well and they _out last week.they _out last week.A.sell;were sold A.sell;were sold B.sell;sold B.sell;sold C.sell;have been sold D.are C.sell;have been sold D.are sell;sold sell;sold A6.Dont get that ink on your white shi
27、rt,for 6.Dont get that ink on your white shirt,for it_.it_.A.wont wash out A.wont wash out B.doesnt wash away B.doesnt wash away C.isnt washing out C.isnt washing out D.hasnt washed awayD.hasnt washed away7.They tried to get the car_,but it 7.They tried to get the car_,but it wont_.wont_.A.started;s
28、tart B.to start;start A.started;start B.to start;start C.started;started D.to start;to startC.started;started D.to start;to start A A四、只接动名词做宾语的词/词组mind,risk,avoid,enjoy,miss,keep,suggest,mind,risk,avoid,enjoy,miss,keep,suggest,appreciate,practice,delay,finish,dislike,appreciate,practice,delay,finis
29、h,dislike,excuse,imagine,consider,forbid,escape excuse,imagine,consider,forbid,escape admit,advise,allow,admit,advise,allow,put off,give up,be worth,be busyput off,give up,be worth,be busy devoteto,look forward to,be used to,lead to,devoteto,look forward to,be used to,lead to,succeed in,spend/waste
30、time(in)succeed in,spend/waste time(in)have a good/hard time(in)have a good/hard time(in)have difficulty/trouble(in)have difficulty/trouble(in)there is no use(in)there is no use(in)1.She looked forward every spring to_ 1.She looked forward every spring to_ the flower-lined garden.the flower-lined ga
31、rden.A.visit B.paying a visit A.visit B.paying a visit C.walk in D.walking in C.walk in D.walking in2.I would appreciate_back this afternoon.2.I would appreciate_back this afternoon.A.you to call B.you call A.you to call B.you call C.your calling D.youre calling C.your calling D.youre calling3.The d
32、ay he has looked forward to_3.The day he has looked forward to_ at last.at last.A.coming B.came C.come D.comes A.coming B.came C.come D.comesDCB口诀：口诀：喜欢、考虑不可免（喜欢、考虑不可免（enjoy,consider,escape,avoidenjoy,consider,escape,avoid）停止，放弃太冒险（停止，放弃太冒险（stop,give up,riskstop,give up,risk）反对想象莫推延（反对想象莫推延（mind,ima
33、gine,delay,put offmind,imagine,delay,put off）要求完成是期望（要求完成是期望（require,finish,look forward to.require,finish,look forward to.）建议继续勤操练（建议继续勤操练（suggest,go on,practicesuggest,go on,practice）不禁原谅要坚持（不禁原谅要坚持（cant help,excuse,insist oncant help,excuse,insist on）继续注意使成功（继续注意使成功（keep on,mind,succeed inkeep on
34、,mind,succeed in）五、只接不定式作宾语的词/词组decide,expect,hope,wish,order,refuse,decide,expect,hope,wish,order,refuse,promise,pretend,agree,seem,attempt,fail,promise,pretend,agree,seem,attempt,fail,offer,happen,warn,affordoffer,happen,warn,affordmake up ones mind to,be determined to make up ones mind to,be dete
35、rmined to used to,be about to,be able to,have to used to,be about to,be able to,have to would like/love to=should like/love towould like/love to=should like/love to六、宾语不同、意义不同1)1)go ongo on to do/go on doing to do/go on doing2)2)stopstop to do/stop doing to do/stop doing3)3)rememberremember to do/re
36、member doing to do/remember doing4)4)forget forget to do/forget doingto do/forget doing5)5)meanmean to do/mean doing to do/mean doing6)6)regretregret to do/regret doing to do/regret doing7)7)trytry to do/try doing to do/try doing8)8)cant helpcant help(to)do/cant help doing(to)do/cant help doing cant
37、 help but do=cant but docant help but do=cant but do =have to do =have to doI cant help but tell him the truth.I cant help but tell him the truth.1.-I usually go there by train.1.-I usually go there by train.-Why not_by boat for a change?-Why not_by boat for a change?A.to try going B.trying to go A.
38、to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going C.to try and go D.try going2.-The light in the office is still on.2.-The light in the office is still on.-Oh,I forgot_.-Oh,I forgot_.A.turning it off B.turn it off A.turning it off B.turn it off C.to turn it off D.having turned it off C.to turn
39、 it off D.having turned it off DC七、接动名词、不定式意义区别不大begin,start,continue,like,love,hate begin,start,continue,like,love,hate preferpreferIt It began began raining.raining.It It is beginningis beginning to rainto rain.I I preferprefer stayingstaying home home toto goinggoing out.out.I I preferprefer to s
40、tayto stay home rather than home rather than go outgo out.Tired as he was,he Tired as he was,he continuedcontinued to workto work.=Though he was very tired,he=Though he was very tired,he continuedcontinued workingworking.He He likeslikes playingplaying football,but he doesnt football,but he doesnt l
41、ikelike to playto play football today.football today.八、宾语不同、但 意义相同need,require,want,deserveneed,require,want,deserveThe room requires The room requires to be cleaned.to be cleaned.=The room requires=The room requires cleaning.cleaning.1.This sentence needs_.1.This sentence needs_.A.an improvement B.
42、improve A.an improvement B.improve C.improving D.improvedC.improving D.improvedC2.The baby needs_.2.The baby needs_.A.looked after B.looking after A.looked after B.looking after C.look after D.to look afterC.look after D.to look afterB九、接宾语和宾补、形式不同allow,permit,forbid,advise,admit considerallow,permi
43、t,forbid,advise,admit considerWe We forbidforbid smokingsmoking here.here.We We forbidforbid anybody anybody to smoketo smoke here.here.You are You are forbiddenforbidden to smoketo smoke here.here.口诀：口诀：advise,forbid,understand,suppose,consider,allow,permit.连接首字母即为连接首字母即为a fus cap（阿福的帽子）阿福的帽子）阿福的帽子
44、，代表七动词，宾补不定式，宾语动名词阿福的帽子，代表七动词，宾补不定式，宾语动名词十、接虚拟语气的词1)1)insist insist 2)order,command 2)order,command 4)advise,4)advise,suggestsuggest,propose,recommend ,propose,recommend 4)demand,ask,require,request4)demand,ask,require,request1.He 1.He ordered ordered that we that we(should)(should)leave at once.lea
45、ve at once.2.His 2.His orderorder that we that we(should)(should)leave at once leave at once was right.was right.3.He 3.He insistedinsisted that his brother_ there.that his brother_ there.A.go B.went C.going D.to A.go B.went C.going D.to gogo4.He 4.He insistedinsisted that he_ nothing wrong and that
46、 he_ nothing wrong and _ set free._ set free.A.do;be B.had done;was A.do;be B.had done;was C.had done;be D.did;was C.had done;be D.did;was5.His voice 5.His voice suggested suggested that he_angry.that he_angry.A.is B.be C.was D.were A.is B.be C.was D.were 6.He 6.He suggestedsuggested that the boy _
47、sent to that the boy _ sent to hospital at once.hospital at once.A.was B.be C.is D.were A.was B.be C.is D.wereACCB十一、瞬间非延续性动词go,come,leave,start,return,arrive,go,come,leave,start,return,arrive,stop,finish,borrow,lend,open,close,stop,finish,borrow,lend,open,close,die,become,break,join,kill,marry,die,
48、become,break,join,kill,marry,graduate,buygraduate,buymarry-be married seat-be seatedmarry-be married seat-be seated hide-be hidden engage-be engaged hide-be hidden engage-be engaged die-be dead begin-be on join-be die-be dead begin-be on join-be inin borrow-keep come-be/stay borrow-keep come-be/stay
49、 leave-be away buy-have=have got leave-be away buy-have=have got1.He 1.He dieddied ten years ago,thats to say,he has ten years ago,thats to say,he has _ for ten years._ for ten years.A.been died B.been dead A.been died B.been dead C.died D.been dying C.died D.been dying2.When Jack 2.When Jack arrive
50、darrived he learned Mary he learned Mary _for almost an hour._for almost an hour.A.had gone B.had set off A.had gone B.had set off C.had left D.had been away C.had left D.had been awayBDHe He isis leavingleaving for Beijing tomorrow.for Beijing tomorrow.The boy is so sick that he The boy is so sick
