1、Sentence Analysis 雅思阅读难句的特点雅思阅读难句的特点v1.句子冗长，大多数句子由20个以上单词组成，很多句子超过40个单词 v2.结构复杂，频繁使用并列复合句、多重复合句等复杂句式 v3.大多是阅读考试的出题点，在阅读试题中常常有所涉及 句子的类型句子的类型 简单句简单句(simple sentences)并列句并列句/复合句复合句(compound sentences)复合复杂句复合复杂句(compound complex sentences)复杂句（复杂句（complex sentences）只包含一套主谓结构的句子叫简单句。只包含一套主谓结构的句子叫简单句。E.g.:
2、We encourage our children to be competitive,to go ahead,to make money,and to acquire possessions.突破策略：找出主谓宾简单句简单句(simple sentences)E.g.：1.A world rise in allergies,particularly asthma,over the past four decades,is now said to be linked with increased air pollution.l定语定语前置定语：前置定语：n.+n.:the entertainm
3、ent industry adj.+n.:the unwarranted criticism后置定语：后置定语：n.+形容词短语：a book useful for you n.+介词短语：a pen on the desk n.+分词短语：a person walking on the road a tool developed for the project n.+不定式：a way to solve the problem n.+从句：Those who have spent some time earning a living or traveling to other places
4、have a broader view.E.g.:1.Automated techniques to measure these characteristics and verify a persons identity infallibly are attracting widespread attention in these days of increased use of credit cards and E-mail.l状语状语n.：All this careful planning goes a long way to ensure thisadj.:Much interested
5、,he agreed to give it a try.adv.:Outdoor activities can greatly improve our health.n.+分词短语:He sat at the table reading a book.Faced with so much trouble,we failed to complete this task on time.不定式：They were delighted to learn of the arrival of our teacher.从句：When people believe they are resisting ch
6、ange themselves,they cannot stop the world around them for changing.Eg:Using techniques first developed for the offshore oil and gas industry,the DSPPs drill ship,the Glomar Challenger,was able to maintain a steady position on the oceans surface and drill in very deep water,extracting samples of sed
7、iments and rock from the ocean floor.(3)doing和和to do 做主语做主语Eg.1.To resolve a dispute means to turn opposing positions into a single outcome.2.Understanding how this objective might be achieved requires a review of the existing telecommunications network and the new technologies that are expected to
8、improve and extend its capacity.l 插入语插入语对句子某个成分的解释或补充说明，前后逗号与其他对句子某个成分的解释或补充说明，前后逗号与其他句子成分分开，容易造成思路中断句子成分分开，容易造成思路中断,可以先跳过不读。可以先跳过不读。突破策略：先读两端，再读中间。E.g.：1.Tea,now an everyday beverage in many parts of the world,has over the centuries been an important part of rituals of hospitality both in the home
9、and in the wider society.2.Over 120 years ago,the English botanist J.D.Hooker,writing of Australian edible plants,suggested that many of them were eatable but not worth eating.包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句，包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句，句与句之间通常用并列连词句与句之间通常用并列连词(and,or,but,for.)或或分号来连接。分号来连接。E.g.:We should help young c
10、hildren to set up their goals of lives,and we also have to cultivate their ability of independent thinking.突破策略：将句子从并列连词断开，抓住各个分句的主干。只要分别理解各个并列分句的意思，就能理解整个句子了。并列句并列句/复合句复合句(compound sentences)E.g.:1.Government has encouraged waste paper collection and sorting schemes and at the same time,the paper i
11、ndustry has responded by developing new recycling technologies that have paved the way for even greater utilization of used fiber.2.Government regulations limit the oil content allowed to be discharged,and the produced water is treated on the platforms to meet those specifications.包含一个主句从句和一个或几个从句的句
12、子叫复合句，包含一个主句从句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句，从句由从属连词引导。从句由从属连词引导。E.g.:None of these achievements,however,would have been possible without the efforts of the early pioneers who dared to believe that one day mans dream to fly would become a reality.突破策略：分清主丛句（which,that,who,when,where),分别找出主句和丛句的主干加以理解（主要理解主句的意思）。复杂
13、句（复杂句（complex sentences）各类从句 状语从句 定语从句 主语从句名词性从句：宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 句子套句子（包含多个主句和多个从句）。E.g.:Although Morse did not invent the telegraph and did not single-handed create Morse Code,he may have been telegraphys greatest promoter,and undoubtedlycontributed to its rapid development and adoption throughout
14、the world,which,to a large extent,bring convenience to and accelerate the speed ofcommunication.突破策略：找出连接词，确定句子各层之间的关系。分清主从句（which,that,who,when,where),先抓住主句的主干，再抓住从句的主干（主要理解主句的意思），由表及里，层层深入。复合复杂句复合复杂句(compound complex sentences)E.g.:1.Noise generated by traffic on arterial roads and freeways is an
15、increasing problem in Australia and there are growing concerns among highways authorities in Australia about the limitations of some types of noise barriers which have been installed in this country.2.Since both rapid and light rail have electric engines,pollution is measured not from the motor exha
16、ust,but from the power plant generating electricity,which is usually located outside the city,where air quality problemsare less serious.特殊结构：特殊结构：l倒装结构倒装结构完全倒装完全倒装：1.There be句型句型 There are many advantages to having school experience at a young age.2.表语位于句首表语位于句首Of all importance is to take actions
17、quickly.突破策略：还原自然语序突破策略：还原自然语序倒装结构倒装结构部分倒装：部分倒装：1.句首有否定词（否定副词）或否定短语（否定连词）的时候，句子要倒装。（1）以not only,not until等否定连词开头的句子（2）以never,seldom,rarely,hardly,scarcely,rarely,little,not,neither,nor,no more,nowhere,no soonerthan,by no means,in no case,under no circumstances等开头的句子2.only+状语置于句首时要倒装。3.以so,as引导的倒装句式，
18、表示前述情况同样适用另外一个人或事突破策略：还原自然语序突破策略：还原自然语序uHardly had we arrived in Shanghai when it began to snow.uNo sooner had I taken a bath than the bell rang.uNever before have I heard such a story.uBy no means did everyone learn English well enough to negotiate it.uOnly then did she realize she was wrong.uI can
19、 not speak French,nor can he.E.g.:1.In a dispute,not only do the interests of one party not coincide with those of the other party,but they are in conflict.2.In a typical example,when viewing photographs of food,hungry subjects experience a much greater increase in pupil diameter than do stated subj
20、ects.v在某些词组的固定搭配下，经常会出现倒装结构，在某些词组的固定搭配下，经常会出现倒装结构，这些词组通常由一个及物动词加上一个介词组成，这些词组通常由一个及物动词加上一个介词组成，如如bring to,当其表达为当其表达为bring A to B 的时候，的时候，则有则有可能被倒装成可能被倒装成bring to B A.类似的短语：类似的短语：throw over,insert into,inter from.E.g.:This was because the RTA had purchased and removed a number of houses to allow the n
21、ew corridor to be built,exposing to road traffic noises houses which were once located in a quiet back street.l强调句强调句基本句型：It isthat”就是”被强调的部分是主语、宾语或状语强调主语：It was he who visited the Island in 1835.强调宾语：It was the Island that He visited in 1835.强调状语：It was in 1835 that he visited the Island.阅读方法：先确定被强
22、调部分的句子成分，再将强调部分还原为普通句式进行阅读。E.g.:1.It is this desire,together with its lack of fulfillment in most families that brings about stress in the female parent.2.It is protein that spiders can make in an environment-friendly way similar to the way mammals make milk.Tips:克服这些特殊句式带来的理解困难，方法是通过多读，多练来熟悉这些句子的表达。Summary如何阅读长难句：先分析结构，后把握意思 简单句简单句:找出主谓宾。并列句并列句：先找出并列连词，再分别理解并列连词前后的句子（and,but,or）。复合句复合句：区分主从句，先理解主句后从句(that,which,where,when.)-主要理解主句。复合复杂句复合复杂句：先找出连接词，确定句子各层之间的关系。分清主从句,先理解主句后从句，由表及里，层层深入。先主干(主谓)，后分支(定语，补语，同位语等等)熟读一些特殊句型,识别固定搭配（sothat,fromto）
