1、 高高 三三 英英 语语专专 题题 复复 习习阅读理解阅读理解 高考阅读理解常见题型高考阅读理解常见题型A.Main ideas B.Guess the meaning C.Details D.Inference&judgment 主旨大意题主旨大意题-Main Ideas 主旨大意类题型主要测试学生对文主旨大意类题型主要测试学生对文章全面理解和概括的能力，提问的内章全面理解和概括的能力，提问的内容可能是全文的大意，也可能是某段容可能是全文的大意，也可能是某段的段落大意。一般不易在文中直接找的段落大意。一般不易在文中直接找到答案。到答案。Reading to dogs is an unusua
2、l way to help children improve their literacy skills(读写能力).With their shining brown eyes,wagging tails,and unconditional love,dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence(自信心),according to Intermountain Therapy Animals(ITA)in Salt Lake City.The group
3、says it is the first program in the country to use dogs to help develop literacy in children,with the introduction of Reading Education Assistance Dogs(READ).The Salt Lake City Public Library is sold on the idea.“Literacy specialists admit that children who read below the level of their fellow pupil
4、s are often afraid of reading aloud in a group,often have lower self-respect,and regard reading as a headache,”said Lisa Myron,manager of the childrens department.Last November the two groups started“Dog Day Afternoon”in the childrens department of the main library.About 25 children attended each of
5、 the four Saturday-afternoon classes,reading for half an hour.Those who attended three of the four classes received a“pawgraphed”book at the last class.The program was so successful that the library plans to repeat it in April,according to Dana Thumpowsky,public relations manager.Example and success
6、 of the program59.What is mainly discussed in the text?A.Childrens reading difficulties.B.Advantages of raising dogs.C.Service in a public library.D.A special reading program._高考题重现高考题重现 1、确定、确定主题句；（如：（如：“for example”“first”“second”等等之前的句子中或者之前的句子中或者“all in all”“above all”等之后的句子后。）等之后的句子后。）2、文章、文章“着
7、墨着墨”最多的点即文章的主旨意。最多的点即文章的主旨意。ReturnHow to find the topic sentences?How to find the topic sentences?Features of the topic sentences：1).1).相对于其他句子，它表达的意思比较概括；相对于其他句子，它表达的意思比较概括；2).2).主题句一般结构简单；主题句一般结构简单；3).3).段落中其他句子必定是用来解释、支撑或发展相段落中其他句子必定是用来解释、支撑或发展相 互题句所表达的思想的。互题句所表达的思想的。Example 1 People have differe
8、nt tastes in food.Some feel that they havent eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat.Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal.Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti,eggplant,and fresh fruit.Others could live on wh
9、at were called fast-foods:a hamburger or hot dog,French fries and a soft drink.（1）主题句在段首）主题句在段首 一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证性细节。性细节。Example 2Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do.Others prefer to be left to work on their own.Still others like a
10、 democratic discussion type of class.No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time.(2)主题句也会出现在段尾。主题句也会出现在段尾。作者先摆出事实依据作者先摆出事实依据,层层层推理论证层推理论证,最后自然得出结论最后自然得出结论,即段落的主题。即段落的主题。Example 3 Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat.Few invention
11、s are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark.In fact,the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations.Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand.A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out._1.What is the topic of the text?(
12、NMET93)2.The text is mainly about _.(NMET95)3.Whats the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph?(NMET98)4.What would be the best title for the text?(2004全国全国)I:English is clearly an international language.It is spoken by pilots and airport control operators on all the airways o
13、f the world.Over 70 percent of the worlds radio programs are in English.本段主题句为首句本段主题句为首句,其后的内容均说明首句其后的内容均说明首句。Please find out the key sentence of the following passages.巩固练习巩固练习 II.Just as I settle down to read or watch television,he demands that I play with him.If I get a telephone call,he screams
14、in the background or knocks something over.I always have to hang up to find out whats wrong with him.Baby-sitting with my little brother is no fun.He refuses to let me eat a snack in peace.Usually he wants half of whatever I have to eat.Then,when he finally grows tired,it takes about an hour for him
15、 to fall asleep.有时段落是先介绍背景和细节，接着用一句综合或概括有时段落是先介绍背景和细节，接着用一句综合或概括性的话概括前面所说的内容或事例，然后再围绕主题展性的话概括前面所说的内容或事例，然后再围绕主题展开对有关问题的深入讨论。开对有关问题的深入讨论。_A Little Game（脑筋急转弯）1.Which travels faster,heat or cold?Heat.Because you can catch a cold.2.Where does Friday come before Thursday?In the dictionary.3.Its yours,bu
16、t others use it more than you do.What is it?Your name.在阅读中常要求学生猜测某些单词在阅读中常要求学生猜测某些单词或短语的意思或短语的意思,词义的猜测贯穿在文章的词义的猜测贯穿在文章的阅读理解之中。历年高考中均有此类题阅读理解之中。历年高考中均有此类题目。目。生活生活常识常识上下文上下文对比对比转折转折因果因果关系关系同位同位关系关系同义词同义词反义词反义词构词法构词法定义定义猜猜Return方法指导方法指导 The whole family had experienced such a storm before and everyone
17、remembered the damage it had caused to stock and cropsThere was very little we could do about the corps.But we needed to protect the animals in case the river flooded againMy older brother called his sheep-dog and began driving our small flock of sheep to higher ground above riverIf the river floode
18、d，they should be safe there58The underlined word stock in the third paragraph refers to_.A.money owned by the family Bgoods for sale C.supplies for family use Dfarm animals (06江西卷江西卷)_1.上下文上下文The herdsman,who looks after sheep,earns about 650yuan a year.2.2.定义法定义法 定义或释义关系常由定语从句或由定义或释义关系常由定语从句或由is，or
19、，that is(to say),in other words，be called，be known as,be defined as等词汇等词汇或破折号来表示或破折号来表示 小小结结牧人牧人 With their shining brown eyes,wagging tails,and unconditional love,dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence.(2003NMET)unconditional:nonjudgmental:无条件的
20、，绝对的无条件的，绝对的没有判断力的没有判断力的3.3.根据构词法：合成、派生（前缀、后缀）、转化等根据构词法：合成、派生（前缀、后缀）、转化等disinmisunnon否定前缀recominioversuperprepostviceentele其它前缀重复共同,平等小过度超出-后副的使-可能远程-前常用前缀常用前缀嫁妆嫁妆 In old days,when girls from rich families were married to their husbands,they expected to bring with themselves a large quantity of dowr
21、y.4.生活常识生活常识 If you agree,write“Yes”;if you dissent,write“No”.and,or,such as,like，for example,for instance常连接同义词组常连接同义词组。小结小结disagree 6.根据同位语根据同位语语言学语言学3.Alexander Graham Bell was born in 1874 in Edinburgh,Scotland.His father was an expert in phonetics,the study of the sounds of language.7.根据因果关系根据因
22、果关系小结小结be lost in 常用关联词常用关联词(如如because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，therefore等等)表示前因后果。表示前因后果。Although the early morning had been very cool,the noonday sun was tropical.表转折关系的词常有如表转折关系的词常有如but,while,however,instead of,rather than,unlike,yet,otherwise,though on the contrary等。等。小结小结hot1.The underl
23、ined phrase“inheritable trait”in paragraph 2 means _(2006天津）2.By describing lions as“opportunists”in the first paragraph,the author means to say that lions _(2006安徽)3.The underlined word“this”refers to_(2006浙江)4.The underlined word“land”in the last paragraph probably means _(04全国).事实细节题事实细节题-Details
24、 即常见的“wh”问题。它们大多是根据它们大多是根据 文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。有些问题可以过程、论述等进行提问的。有些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些则要在理解在文章中直接找到答案，有些则要在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到，比的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。A giant dam was built many years ago to control the Colorado River in the U.S.This dam was bu
25、ilt to protect the land and houses around the river.This huge dam is in the Black Canyon.It is possible to drive a car from one side of the river to the other on a road，which is on the top of the dam.This dam is so big that there is an elevator inside.The elevator goes down forty-four stories from t
26、he road to the bottom.There is enough concrete in this dam to build a highway from New York to San Francisco.Thousands of people worked on this dam for five years.This huge dam was called Boulder Dam when it was finished in 1936.Later it was renamed Hoover Dam in honor of a president of the United S
27、tates.Hoover Dam，one of the highest dams in the world，is situated between the states of Arizona and Nevada.Q：Where does Hoover Dam lie _?A.between Arizona and Nevada B.in the Black Canyon C.between New York and San Francisco D.both A and B在解答这类问题时要求抓住题干文字信息，采用针对性方法进行阅在解答这类问题时要求抓住题干文字信息，采用针对性方法进行阅读。读
28、。高考题重现高考题重现_1).明确题意，顺藤摸瓜。2).按照要求，寻找答案来源。3).找准关键词，明白其暗示作用。4).多读原文，正确使用排除法。1.Which of the following is true/false/mentioned?2.What does the writer pay least attention to?3.Choose the right order of the events given in the passage.4.All of the following statements may be true except_.5.Which of the fol
29、lowing is not the result of Invited by Mr.Ye Huixian,host of the well received TV programme“Stars Tonight”，Miss Luo Lin,Miss Asia of 1991，appeared as the guest hostess on the Shanghai TV screen last Sunday.Born in Shanghai and taken to Hong Kong when she was only six years old，Luo Lin has never drea
30、med of being Miss Asia.Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess.Before she took part in the competition,she had been an airhostess in Cat hay Airline for seven years.However，it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage,dancing,singing,making-up and other proper manners
31、,designed by the Asia TV Station.“Its really a hard job for me.I wont enter for such competition any more.Anyhow,I am quite lucky.I am also glad to have had more chance to work for the social welfare since I won the title.This time,in Shanghai,Id love to make a deep impression on my TV audience,said
32、 Luo Lin with a sweet smile.Q：Which of the following is NOT true?A.Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.B.Luo Lin moved to Hong Kong with her parents.C.Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991.D.Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.纵观全文，在掌握各项信息的基础上进行正纵观全文，在掌握各项信息的基础上进行正确的逻辑推理，推断确的逻辑推理，推断作
33、者作者的意图；人物的动机、的意图；人物的动机、目的、性格特征；事件的前因后果；目的、性格特征；事件的前因后果；语言中的语言中的语气等。语气等。One day a man walked into a pet shop and said to the shop assistant，“I need two small mice and about five dozen roaches(蟑螂蟑螂)and two spiders.”“What do you need these things for?”the shop assistant was very surprised.“Well，”replie
34、d the man，“Im moving out of my apartment and the landlord insists that I should leave the house in exactly the same condition as I found it.”Q：The passage suggests that when the writer moved into the house,it was _.A.very clean B.just cleaned by the landlordC.tidy and comfortable D.dirty and full of
35、 insects_高考题重现高考题重现A.A.利用已知信息，进行逻辑推理利用已知信息，进行逻辑推理 B.B.结合一般常识，分析提供信息结合一般常识，分析提供信息 C.C.注意表层意思，悟出深层含义注意表层意思，悟出深层含义 在做判断推理题时，应选择在做判断推理题时，应选择“全面而不笼统、全面而不笼统、具体而不片面具体而不片面”的答案，而就事论事以及含有绝的答案，而就事论事以及含有绝对单词的结论一般都是错误的对单词的结论一般都是错误的.1.From the text we know that Dagmar is most likely _.(NMET 96)2.Which of the foll
36、owing might have happened afterwards?(NMET 91)3.This text is most probably taken from a _.(NMET 94)4.In the writers opinion,a good stage school should _.(NMET 99)5.This text most probably appears in _.(2004全国全国）Daylight saving time(DST)has been introduced this summer This year DST began on May 4.But
37、 next year,“Summer Time”will begin on the first Sunday in April.Clocks and other timepieces were set ahead one hour at 2:00 AM on Sunday,May 4 so that 2:00 AM became 3:00 AM.They should turn back one hour at 2:00 AM on Sunday,September 14.The new time is expected to save one and a half billion kilow
38、att hours（千瓦小时（千瓦小时）of electricity per year across the country.The new system could also help people form the good habit of getting up and going to bed early,thus raising their work and study efficiency(效率效率).During the DST period,the actual departure(发车发车)time of trains remains unchanged,but their
39、schedules have been set one hour late.Q:According to the passage,we know that _ people should turn their clocks back one hour that year.A.in 132 days B.in 133 days C.in 134 days D.in 4 months解析：应根据基本的日历常识来进行推算。解析：应根据基本的日历常识来进行推算。5月剩月剩27天，天，6月月30天，天，7月月31天，天，8月月31天，天，9月月14天。即：天。即：27+30+31+31+14=133（天
40、）（天）巩固练习巩固练习1.1.先读问题，弄清考查要点，以便能带着问题看文章，先读问题，弄清考查要点，以便能带着问题看文章，这样会心中有数，有的放矢。这样会心中有数，有的放矢。2.2.快速浏览全文，掌握全貌，注意与问题有关的快速浏览全文，掌握全貌，注意与问题有关的信息，如果时间紧，先扫视一下首段和尾段。信息，如果时间紧，先扫视一下首段和尾段。再把标题和文章内容结合起来想一想，这样全文大意再把标题和文章内容结合起来想一想，这样全文大意便清楚了。此时，不要忙于答题。便清楚了。此时，不要忙于答题。3.细读原文，捕捉相关信息词，掌握短文细节内容。细读原文，捕捉相关信息词，掌握短文细节内容。解题时常用方
41、法：解题时常用方法：简要提示简要提示What will you do when you come across the questions on:A.Main pointsB.Guess the meaningC.DetailsD.Inference and judgement 最近，各类材料中出现了一种新的题型，要最近，各类材料中出现了一种新的题型，要求根据文章用谚语或俚语来总结段落大意。求根据文章用谚语或俚语来总结段落大意。平时学习中，注意总结常见的谚语、俚语。平时学习中，注意总结常见的谚语、俚语。爱心提醒爱心提醒1.Stick to it,and youll succeed.2.A go
42、od medicine tastes bitter.3.More haste,less speed.4.Nothing is difficult to the man who will try.5.Where there is life,there is hope.6.An idle youth,a needy age.坚持就是胜利。坚持就是胜利。良药苦口。良药苦口。欲速则不达。欲速则不达。世上无难事，只要世上无难事，只要肯登攀。肯登攀。生命不息，奋斗不生命不息，奋斗不止。止。少壮不努力，老大少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。徒伤悲。7.What may be done at any time will
43、 be done at no time.8.Diligence is the mother of success.9.Take care of the pence,and the pounds will take care of themselves.10.Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today.11.Live and learn.12.Easier said than done.明日复明日，明日复明日，明日何其多。明日何其多。勤奋是成功之母勤奋是成功之母积少成多。积少成多。今日事今日完。今日事今日完。活到老，学到老。活到老，学到老。说着容易做着难。说着容易做着难。12.Action speak louder than words.13.There is no smoke without fire.14.Once bitten,twice shy.15.The path to glory is always rugged.事实胜于雄辩。事实胜于雄辩。无风不起浪。无风不起浪。一朝被蛇咬，十年怕一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳。井绳。前途是光明的道路是前途是光明的道路是曲折的。曲折的。Do some reading exercises
