1、Unit 1 People of AchievementLearning About Language Write down the word that matches each definition.Then find the sentences containing these words in the text.1._ cook something in very hot water2._ relating to plants3._ qualities or characteristics of something4._ a kind of substance that flows fr
2、eely,such as water or milk5._ physical material that existsboilbotanicalpropertiesliquidsubstanceThey then tried boiling fresh wormwood.but this did not work either.In 1969,she.to find traditional botanical treatments for the disease.Her team examined.for their medical properties.They then tried.usi
3、ng the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria,.Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract,she found a substance that worked.Guess the meaning of the underlined words.Then fill in the blanks with words that have the same roots.1.The two flowers are quite distinct from one another,so it is
4、easy to make a _ between them.2.Scientists need to _ how the new material stands up to wear and tear to prove how valuable it is.3.A talented scientist well known for his _ to his country,Huang Danian committed himself to his research in geophysics.4.A:Did you come to any conclusions?B:Yes,we _ that
5、 by drawing out the extract at a low temperature,we could find the substance that we needed to complete the experiment.5.She spends a lot of time _ her patients dreams.This analysis is very helpful,explaining their daily behaviour very well.distinctionevaluatecommitmentconcludedanalysing Read the pa
6、ssage about Lu Xun.Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the box.insist obtain objective acknowledge apparently crucialLu Xun,_ as one of the greatest modern writers in China,was born in Shaoxing,Zhejiang Province in 1881.In 1904,he went to Japan and became a medical student,with
7、 the _ of improving peoples health and saving lives.However,he changed his mind when he saw in a photo a Chinese man about to be killed by a Japanese soldier.It struck him that the other Chinese men in the photo _ did not care about what was happening to their fellow countrymen.From this,he conclude
8、d that the _ problem in China was not physical illness,but the spiritual illness of people at that time.Following this,he quit medical school.When he returned to China in 1908,he _ a teaching job.In 1917,a friend _ that he help write for a magazine called New Youth.That was how his first famous shor
9、t story A Madmans Diary got published.acknowledgedobjectiveapparentlycrucialobtainedinsisted In pairs,discuss how people can achieve success,using words and expressions you have learnt in this unit.A:In order to achieve success in life,I think it is crucial to work hard.B:I agree,but I think it is v
10、ital to also work hard doing the right things.A:What do you mean?B:Well,some people apparently try to get ahead by being dishonest and lying.Even though they are working hard,what good will it do?A:Thats right.And even more people are working hard with wrong objectives.They just want to obtain money
11、 or become famous.B:But what is a good reason?A:I think it is good to work to make the world a better place,or to help other people with difficulties.B:I see what you mean.Discover useful structures Learn how to analyse and identify the uses of relative clauses.Use what you have learnt in the previo
12、us activities to combine sentences using non-restrictive relative clauses.Use what you have learnt in the previous activities to express your own ideas or opinions by using non-restrictive relative clauses.Learning objectives1.They tested hundreds of Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in
13、 the fight against the disease.2.Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize,which is considered one of the highest international honours a person can receive.3.Tu Youyou went to Hainan,where malaria was more common,to study malaria patients.4.Later,the medicine was tested on malaria patients,most of whom
14、 recovered.Read the following sentences and underline the relative clauses.Then name the two types of clauses and state their functions.restrictive,describe the kind of medical treatments they testednon-restrictive,give extra information about Nobel Prizenon-restrictive,give extra information about
15、Hainannon-restrictive,give extra information about the patients1.非限制性定语从句和它的先行词之间是比较松散的关系。在口语中有停顿，在书写中常用逗号隔开。Basic usage of non-restrictive clausesTom came to the party in patched jeans,which surprised the other guests for they were all wearing evening suits.汤姆穿着打补丁的牛仔裤来参加了宴会，这把其他客人都惊到了，因为他们穿的都是晚礼服。
16、2.非限制性定语从句的引导词通常是who,whom,whose和which等wh-词，不用that和why来引导非限制性定语从句。如果表原因，要用for which来替代why引导的从句。The sailors daughter,whose name is Ann,gave me a patient smile.那个水手的女儿耐心地冲着我微笑，她的名字叫安。3.关系副词where和when也能引导非限制性定语从句。Im seeing the manager tomorrow,when he will be back from New York.我明天要去见经理，他明天要从纽约回来。Differ
17、ences between restrictive relative clauses and non-restrictive relative clauses.AspectRestrictive Relative ClauseNon-restrictive Relative Clause形式上形式上主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开，口语中使用时也不停顿。与主句之间通常有逗号隔开，口语中使用时有停顿。功能上功能上用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别，如果去掉，就会造成句意不完整或概念不清。用于对先行词起补充说明作用，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整。翻译上翻译上翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前，如：He is
18、 the student whose leg was broken.他就是那个一条腿骨折了的学生。从句与主句分开翻译，如：Ive invited Jim,who lives in the next flat.我邀请了吉姆，他就住在隔壁。含义上含义上I have a brother who is a police.我有一个当警察的哥哥。（哥哥不止一个）I have a brother,who is a police.我有个哥哥，他是名警察。（只有一个哥哥）先行词先行词只能是名词或代词可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或句子引导词引导词that,why,which,who,whom有时可以省略whic
19、h,who,whom,whose,when,where一律不省略as&which1.用于非限制性定语从句时，可以指代整个主句的内容，as和which可以换用。He left her,as/which was strange.他离开了她，这很奇怪。2.as引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句可置于句首、句中和句尾。As everyone knows,Tom is good at English.大家都知道，汤姆擅长英语。3.非限制性定语从句中谓语为被动时，常用as作主语。如as is said/known/announced/reported/mentioned/expected/di
20、scussed等。As is known to all,Taiwan is a part of China.众所周知，台湾是中国的一部分。4.as引导非限制性定语从句，有“正如”的含义，如下列句式：as has been said above,as anybody can see,as we had expected,as(it)appears等。Things are not always as they appear.事情并不总是像表面那样。5.which引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句只能置于句尾。The decision was postponed,which was ex
21、actly what he wanted.决定被推迟了，这正是他想要的。6.which引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句中的一个词（先行词），从句置于先行词后，可在句中或句尾。The football match,which I watched yesterday,is very interesting.我昨天看的那场足球赛很有趣。7.which引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句的谓语带有宾语，有的还带宾语补足语。Water changes into steam,which is known to be a physical change.水变成蒸汽，这是众所周知的物理变化。8.whi
22、ch引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句意思可与主句相反。as&whichHe can write a letter in English,which I cannot.他会用英语写信，而我不会。Rewrite the sentences using non-restrictive relative clauses.How do the sentences flow differently?The book tells us about Alexander Fleming.He discovered penicillin.The book tells us about Alexand
23、er Fleming,who discovered penicillin.Example1.We were very impressed by the old man.He was not willing to acknowledge defeat.We were very impressed by the old man,who was not willing to acknowledge defeat.2.Afterwards,Einstein had to flee Germany.Hitler was in power there.Afterwards,Einstein had to
24、flee Germany,where Hitler was in power.4.The teacher asked us to listen to a speech by his favourite novelist,J.K.Rowling.It inspired us a lot.The teacher asked us to listen to a speech by his favourite novelist,J.K.Rowling,which inspired us a lot.5.The building under construction was designed by I.
25、M.Peia famous Chinese-American architect.He was born in Guangzhou,China.The building under construction was designed by I.M.Peia famous Chinese-American architect,who was born in Guangzhou,China.3.There is nothing we can do to help Linda.Her circumstances are beyond our control.There is nothing we c
26、an do to help Linda,whose circumstances are beyond our control.Rewrite the sentences using non-restrictive relative clauses.How do the sentences flow differently?6.I was asked to explain the project with the help of a flow chart.It was a big challenge for me.I was asked to explain the project with t
27、he help of a flow chart,which was a big challenge for me.In each case,there are two short sentences which sound separate to each other.By combining the two simple sentences together using non-restrictive relative clause,the sentence becomes more varied and has better flow.Rewrite the sentences using
28、 non-restrictive relative clauses.How do the sentences flow differently?Work in groups.Complete the sentences using non-restrictive relative clauses to give extra information.Then share them with your group members.ExampleId like to try.,.Id like to try that Chinese herbal medicine again,which seems
29、 to work best for my cough.1.I would like to travel around.,.I would like to travel around Sichuan Province,where Jiuzhaigou locates.2.What impressed me most.,.What impressed me most about the film was the ending,which was quite moving.3.My favourite scientist is.,.My favourite scientist is Nikola T
30、esla,who was quite brilliant but also had some crazy ideas.Work in groups.Complete the sentences using non-restrictive relative clauses to give extra information.Then share them with your group members.4.Finally we arrived at.,.Finally we arrived at the zoo,which was closed for repairs.5.My grandpar
31、ents like.,.My grandparents like going for outings in spring,which is good for their health.6.I wish to obtain.,.I wish to obtain a driving licence,which is necessary if you want to drive a car.7.My best friend.,.My best friend came to visit last week,which was the first time I had seen him in years
32、.Words and Expressions Her circumstances are beyond our control.(P5)她的情况是我们无法控制的。circumstance /skmstns/n.usually pl.条件；环境；状况条件；环境；状况in/under.circumstances 在情况下in/under no circumstances 决不；无论如何不 A man is not supposed to hurt a woman under any circumstances.在任何情况下，男人都不应该伤害女人。Under no circumstances sho
33、uld youngsters follow negative information on mass media blindly.青少年无论如何人都不应盲目跟从大众媒体上的负面消息。The teacher asked us to listen to a speech by his favourite novelist,J.K.Rowling.It inspired us a lot.(P5)老师让我们听他最喜欢的小说家J.K.罗琳的演讲。这个演讲启发了我们很多。novelist /nvlst/n.小说家小说家 For a novelist,thats quite an accomplishme
34、nt.对于一个小说家来说，那是一个了不起的成就。novel n.（长篇）小说（长篇）小说 Her latest novel is eagerly awaited.人们热切期待她的最新小说。I was asked to explain the project with the help of a flow chart.(P5)要求我借助流程图来解释这个项目。flow /fl/n.流；流动；流畅；供应流；流动；流畅；供应 vi.流；流动流；流动 flow chart 流程图流程图cash flow 现金流量 We are keeping our head above water,but our c
35、ash flow position is not too good.我们虽然还未陷入困境，但资金流转状况不太好。This flow chart,shown below,summarizes the overall costing process.如下所示，这张流程图概括了成本计算的整个过程。This valve regulates the flow of water.这个阀门调节水流。Practise the words and expressions learned in this class.Write a short passage to introduce a famous figure,using non-restrictive relative clauses.
