1、 英语发音和拼读规则英语发音和拼读规则1、学习内容:英语音标基础知识2、学习目标:能熟练认读48个因素;能划分音节、拼读任一单词。3、学习重点:学会划分音节,按音节拼读单词。4、学习难点:辅音连缀、自成音节的处理 /t/d/r/j/的发音。5、学习方法:跟随老师就辅音、元音正确发音;理解并掌握划分音节的基本规则;通过大量实践练习掌握单词拼读技巧。注意学生分组学习并进行讲解。一、元音1.前元音:i:e 2.中元音::3.后元音:a:u:u :4.合口双元音为:e a au u 5.集中双元音为:e e u二、辅音1.爆破音:p b t d k g p 2.摩擦音:f v s z h r 3.破擦
2、音:t d tr dr ts dz 4.鼻辅音:m n 5鼻辅音:m n 6.舌边音:l 7.半元音:w j 1.前元音:i:i e i:(8)发音组合:e ee ea ie ei 代表单词:me he we even bee feel breeze deep free seat beat lead tea eat reason grief believe achieve receive conceive i (1)发音组合:i 代表单词:sit bit kick pick wish e (6)发音组合:e ea a 代表单词:pen ten best beg egg net bread he
3、aven marry any many (7)发音组合:a 代表单词:cap map bad mad bank thank lamp 2.中元音::(12)发音组合:or ir er ur ear代表单词:work worker worm bird dirt affirm term burn surf pearl learn (5)发音组合:a er or 代表单词:appear arise again alike a man a pen teacher mother brother driver anger doctor actor tutor famous jealous3.后元音:a:u
4、:u:a:(10)发音组合:ar ear al代表单词:far dark hart farm garden bar star heart half (3)发音组合:u o代表单词:up cut but bus luck butter monk onionu:(9)发音组合:oo o ou u代表单词:food fool boom cool hoop pool shoot tomb group blue clue rule truth concludeu (2)发音组合:oo u ou 代表单词:foot good cook hook took pull full bull should :(1
5、1)发音组合:a oo aw ou ore au or ar 代表单词:talk ball hall call door floor law saw bought fought thought before ignore caught naughty nautical force born sort warn (4)发音组合:o 代表单词:not cop rot hot lot dog nod shop 4.合口双元音为:ei ai au u ei (20)发音组合:ei a ai ay代表单词:eight cake fate naked snake lake make name paid m
6、ain day may ai (15)发音组合:y i uy 代表单词:cry dry my kite high bike tight fine time buy guy (16)发音组合:oy oi 代表单词:toy boy loyal noise voice point soil coin oil au(19)发音组合:ou ow代表单词:house sound out noun bow town now toweru (17)发音组合:o ow oa代表单词:host nose tone hole note coke cope bowl know low own boat coat 5.
7、集中双元音为:i u i (13)发音组合:eer ear ere 代表单词:beer deer hear near fear here (18)发音组合:air ear are ere代表单词:hair fair air chair bear swear dare hare there u (14)发音组合:oor ure our代表单词:poor lure sure tour II:辅音1.爆破音:p b t d k g p p (21)发音组合:p代表单词:pay pipe put pie peach sport speed spend b (29)发音组合:b 代表单词:bird be
8、d bag big buy bake bill bear book t (22)发音组合:t 代表单词:tea teacher team tare tank taught tip it meet cat thought fate tent boat student stand stick d (30)发音组合:d代表单词:do did does deer date dig doom need bed climbed k (24)发音组合:c k ck代表单词:cake car can cat come kite sky keep pick back g (32)发音组合:g代表单词:geese
9、 go gap get big bag beg 爆破音小结:1)p t k 是清辅音,发音时声带不震动,送气要强。2)b d g 是浊辅音,发音时声带必须震动。2.摩擦音:f v s z h r f (25)发音组合:f ph 代表单词:five first life fine fat fail fair fall farm telephone phonetics photo v (33)发音组合:v 代表单词:vote vine vat vail very vase leave five (26)发音组合:th 代表单词:think teeth thick theme thank thoug
10、ht both tooth truth fifth mouth cloth faith breath (34)发音组合:th 代表单词:this that these those then than though (28)发音组合:sh s ss ch代表单词:ship fish sheet sheep dish sure ensure assure machine (36)发音组合:s代表单词:pleasure usual leisure measure s (27)发音组合:s c 代表单词:seem set seek say see books dense mouse cups face
11、 ice race price z (35)发音组合:z s代表单词:zoo prize zeal raise knees eyes h (40)发音组合:h wh【注意】wh 在元音字母o前才发此音。代表单词:hot home house horse hate high whole who whose whom r (42)发音组合:r wr代表单词:race red rice rain right road free fry pray wrong write摩擦音小结摩擦音小结:英语中有十个摩擦音即:f v s z h r发摩擦音时必须注意:1)口腔通道不完全阻塞,留有窄小空隙,气流从中泄
12、出时摩擦或震动成音。2)摩擦音可以延长而发音器官位置不变。3.破擦音:t d tr dr ts dz t (23)发音组合:ch 代表单词:cheap child chest choke check catch watch d (31)发音组合:j g dg代表单词:jeep joke jew juice gin change jodge judge tr 发音组合:tr代表单词:tree treat trip train tram dr 发音组合:dr代表单词:dream drag draw drink children ts 发音组合:ts 代表单词:sits seats mates pe
13、asants parents dz 发音组合:ds 代表单词:needs seeds spends 4.鼻辅音:m n m (37)发音组合:m代表单词:some come dime mother map moon n (38)发音组合:n代表单词:noon nose note not no nothing moon soon son gun thin run dine gain (39)发音组合:ng n 代表单词:sing song singer king thing ink sink thank tank 5.舌边音:l (41)发音组合:l 代表单词:清晰音 l let lad lat
14、e laid leap lap 代表单词:含糊音 l deal tell belt sale table6.半元音:w j w (43)发音组合:w wh代表单词:wait west way wet will wide wheel what why when where while j (44)发音组合:y代表单词:year yes yet yard young you2.摩擦音:f v s z h r f (25)发音组合:f ph 代表单词:five first life fine fat fail fair fall farm telephone phonetics photo v (3
15、3)发音组合:v 代表单词:vote vine vat vail very vase leave five v (33)发音组合:v 代表单词:vote vine vat vail very vase leave five (26)发音组合:th 代表单词:think teeth thick theme thank thought both tooth truth fifth mouth cloth faith breath (34)发音组合:th 代表单词:this that these those then than though (28)发音组合:sh s ss ch代表单词:ship
16、fish sheet sheep dish sure ensure assure machine (36)发音组合:s代表单词:pleasure usual leisure measure Step 2 单词拼读规则单词拼读规则 1、基本规则:将单词音标部分从左至右进行音节划分,把握好重音,依次读出各音节即可。一个单词至少有一个音节,各音节中所有音素均发音。通常情况下,一个音节由“一个辅音+一个元音”构成(辅音在前,元音在后,如同汉语的“声母+韵母”)想一想:它们有几个音节呢?k:;d/di ;k/bd ;m/ni/d ;注意:撇点“”类似于汉语音节上的声调,表示其右下方所在音节为重读音节;单
17、音节词是天然的重读音节,其重音符号“”省略;有重音符号的单词意味着它至少有两个音节。划一划,它们有几个音节?/pl ;dd ;k/mju:/ni/kei/n ;tei/bl ;想一想:以上音节数的认定让你产生了什么疑问?2、辅音归属规则 单词音标中的基本单元是“一个辅音+一个元音”所构成的一个个音节,那么多余的辅音该怎么处理呢?我们可以记住一个口诀:一归后,二分手,辅音连缀抱团走,常见组合不分手,双字相连不牵手。1)一归后【一对一】:从左到右,单独的一个辅音与其后的一个元音喜结连理,构成一个音节。用下划线标注它们的音节:bei/bi l/ki be/ni/fit tr/di/di r/bi2)
18、二分手【前归前,后归后】:在划分音节的过程中,如果有两个辅音黏在一起,则棒打鸳鸯,前者归入前一音节,后者归入后一音节,各得其所。用下划线标注它们的音节:kl:s/meit fk/tri tb/lit dk/t trit/mnt b:/skit/b:l3)辅音连缀抱团走【后一个当头,前几个当尾】:在划分音节的过程中,如果有三个及以上的辅音黏在一起时,一般将最后一个留给后一个音节当头,其余几个打包归入前一个音节当尾。用下划线标注它们的音节:trn/sp/tei/n i/kwip/mnt iks/teind lnd/lei/di ik/skju:s eks/pl/nei/n4).【4是3的特例】常见
19、组合不分手:英语里有一些字母常常组合在一起,但它们不像固定组合字母那样发一个音,而是各发各的音,如pr,pl,fr,cl,sp,st,sk,scr,gr等等,这类组合字母在划分音节时一般不拆开,把它们划分在一起,尊重它们的常见组合习惯。用下划线标注它们的音节:pru/rm ri/plai frai/tn klmp spi:/k skr/t greit/nis5)双字相连不牵手:很多单词是由两个独立的单词连起来构成的,如rest-room,it-self,how-ever,black-board,这种情况下两个单词一般分开发音,不合并。用下划线标注它们的音节:rest/ru:m it/self
20、hau/ev blk/b:d nju:s/peip3.特殊规则特殊规则 1)自成音节(成音节):一般而言,一个音节通常由“一个辅音+一个元音”构成,元音是“核”。如果音节开头只有一个元音时,该元音自成一个音节。划分下列单词的音节,识别哪一个是成音节。add d;argue/ju:;Louis lu:/is;obey u/bei;honest/nist 英语 中有 4 个辅音m,n,l 是响音,它们和其前面的辅音音素结合,也可构成音节。可以理解为它们充当了音节中的“核”。即“辅音+m,n,或l”自成音节。音标示例:/-bl/-zm/-vn/-pl/-tl/-dl/划分下列单词的音节,识别哪一个是成音节。l e/sn;nu:/dl;k:/sl;den/tl;prin/s/pl;b/tm2)半元音:j、w 为半元音,位于音节开头时被视为辅音,位于音节中时被视为元音。此种情况要注意单词前不定冠词的选取。用不定冠词填空:anMp5;ayear;auseful book;aEuropean boy3)清辅音浊化(中间音):清辅音浊化现象发生的条件是:在同一个音节内,当清辅音p,k,t,tr前的音是/s/,且该清辅音后还有元音,此时,我们在拼读时,应该将该清辅音读成其对应的浊辅音b,g,d,dr,这在英语中就叫做音的浊化。