1、1Essentials of ManagementHarold Koontz Heinz Weihrich8rd ed.An International PerspectiveSurrey International Institute,DUFEZhenhua LIU2Chapter 15Surrey International Institute,DUFEZhenhua LIU2012.061.Define leadership and its ingredients2.Describe the trait approaches and charismatic leadership appr
2、oach and their limitations3.Discuss various leadership styles based on the use of authority4.Identify the two dimensions of the management grid and the resulting extreme leadership styles5.Recognize that leadership can be seen as a continuum6.Explain the contingency approach to leadership7.Describe
3、the path-goal approach to leadership effectiveness8.Distinguish between transactional and transformational leaders3CHAPTER OBJECTIVESLeader&Manager Leader:a person who rules or guides or inspires others-do the right things.Manager:someone who controls resources and expenditures-do things right.Leade
4、rs:制定战略，把握方向制定战略，把握方向 Managers:执行领导者的战略布署，完成领导者的战略执行领导者的战略布署，完成领导者的战略任务任务 Separating leadership from managership has important analytical advantages.4Leader&Manager“别再沉溺于管理了，赶紧领导吧！别再沉溺于管理了，赶紧领导吧！”-杰克-韦尔奇 领导者与管理者具有四大区别：1.管理者关注的是执行，领导者思考的则是创新；2.管理者主要关注事情，领导者核心关注人；3.管理者依靠控制，领导者促进信任；4.管理者维护现状，领导者推动变革.5D
5、EFINING LEADERSHIP Leadership is the art or process of influencing people so that they will strive willingly and enthusiastically toward the achievement of group goals.6INGREDIENTS OF LEADERSHIP P.3117Fundamental Principle of LeadershipSince people tend to follow those who,in their view,offer them a
6、 means of satisfying their own personal goals,the more managers understand what motivates their subordinates and how these motivations operate,and the more they reflect this understanding in carrying out their managerial actions,the more effective they are likely to be as leaders.8*TRAIT APPROACHES
7、TO LEADERSHIP*CHARISMATIC LEADERSHIP APPROACH9LEADERSHIP BEHAVIOR AND STYLES10Leadership Styles Based onUse of Authority The autocratic leader commands and expects compliance,is dogmatic and positive,and leads by the ability to withhold or give rewards and punishment The democratic,or participative,
8、leader consults with subordinates and encourages participation from them The free-rein leader uses his/her power very little,if at all,giving subordinates a high degree of independence in their operations 11Leadership Styles Based on Use of Authority12Do Women Lead Differently?Women see leadership a
9、s changing the self-interest of followers into concern for the total enterprise,by using interpersonal skills and personal traits to motivate subordinates.13The Managerial Grid The grid has two dimensions:Concern for peopleConcern for production14The Managerial Grid 15Leadership as a Continuum Leade
10、rship continuum conceptualizes leadership as involving a variety of styles,ranging from one that is highly boss centered to one that is highly subordinate centered.16SITUATIONAL OR CONTINGENCY APPROACHES TO LEADERSHIP17Fiedlers Contingency Approach to Leadership People become leaders not only becaus
11、e of the attributes of their personalities but also because of various situational factors and the interactions between leaders and group members.18Critical Dimensions of the Leadership Situation(Fiedler)Position power Task structure Leader member relations19The Path goal Approach to Leadership Effe
12、ctiveness Path goal theory suggests that the main function of the leader is to clarify and set goals with subordinates,help them find the best path for achieving the goals,and remove obstacles.20Transactional and Transformational Leadership Transactional leaders identify what subordinates need to do
13、 to achieve objectives,clarify organizational roles and tasks,set up an organization structure,reward performance,and are considerate for the social needs of its followers Transformational leaders articulate a vision and inspire followers.They have the capacity to motivate,shape the organizational culture,and create a climate favorable for organizational change 21
