1、阅读理解解题技巧(公开课)阅阅 读读 理理 解解 阅读理解考查的根本是检验学阅读理解考查的根本是检验学生对有关信息的加工能力生对有关信息的加工能力 阅读理解能力的重要标志是阅阅读理解能力的重要标志是阅读速度和理解力的正确率读速度和理解力的正确率主 旨 大 意 型主 旨 大 意 型事实细节型事实细节型 词词 义义 猜猜 测测 型型命命 题题 类类有关阅读理解题目主要有以有关阅读理解题目主要有以下几种下几种:推推 理理 判判 断断 型型1)What does the writer mainly tell us?2)Which of the following can summar-ize the
2、main idea of this text?3)Which of the following best expresses the main idea?4)Which is the subject discussed in the text?6)Whats the best title for this passage?主旨大意题主旨大意题的常见的提问形式的常见的提问形式:主旨大意题主旨大意题 做题要领做题要领1.干扰项干扰项 可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。2.干扰项干扰项 可能属从文中某些可能属从文中某些(不完全的不完全的)事事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。实或
3、细节片面推出的错误结论。3.干扰项干扰项 可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。(正确答案正确答案)是根据文章意思全面理解而是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过归纳概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。其实或以偏概全。主旨大意题指针对段落或短文的主旨大意题指针对段落或短文的subject(主题主题)、main idea（主要思想）、（主要思想）、title（标题）或（标题）或purpose（目的）拟题。（目的）拟题。找出找出主题句主题句(常在首尾段的首句、尾常在首尾段的首句、尾句、首尾句、段落中句、首尾句、段落中)或通过浏览全文，抓或通过浏览全文
4、，抓住住关键词关键词，把握主旨。，把握主旨。主旨大意题主旨大意题 解题方法与步骤解题方法与步骤阅读理解基础训练阅读理解基础训练Basic Training-主旨大意题主旨大意题Passage 1 In spite of the fact that cars from Germany and Japan are flooding the American market,Ford,General Motors and Chrysler are employing more workers than ever before.The flood of cheaper foreign cars has
5、not cast American autoworkers their jobs as some experts predicted.Ford operates as far as Asia,and General Motors is considered Australians biggest employer.Yet General Motors has its huge American work force and employs hundreds of people every day to meet the needs of an insatiable(不能满足的）不能满足的）so
6、ciety.练习题练习题Question:Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the paragraphA.GM is one of the largest car producers.B.Ford operates not only in the U.S.A.,but also in Asia.C.The foreign cars have not taken away the jobs of American autoworkers.D.The flood of the cheaper fore
7、ign cars is terrible for American autoworkers.文章文章1）Which of the following statement is true?2）Which of the following is not mentioned in the text?3）The author(or the passage)states that_.4）According to the passage,when(where,why,how,who,what,which,etc.)_?事实细节型事实细节型常有以下几种命题方式：常有以下几种命题方式：事实细节型事实细节型 干
8、扰项：干扰项：范围过大，过小范围过大，过小 干扰项：干扰项：偷换概念偷换概念 干扰项：干扰项：正误并存，某个分句是正确的正误并存，某个分句是正确的 解题方法：解题方法：原文定位法原文定位法1.抓住问题中的抓住问题中的关键词关键词，迅速回到原文中，迅速回到原文中 找到这一细节；找到这一细节；2.把细节所在段落仔细阅读一遍，与所给把细节所在段落仔细阅读一遍，与所给 选项核对、分析、判断、得出答案选项核对、分析、判断、得出答案阅读理解基础训练阅读理解基础训练Basic Training-事实细节题事实细节题 Passage2 Passage2 The human body is a living m
9、achine,and The human body is a living machine,and like all machines,it needs fuel to supply it like all machines,it needs fuel to supply it with energy.That is the food we eat.But how with energy.That is the food we eat.But how much do we need to stay healthy?The energy much do we need to stay healt
10、hy?The energy value of food is usually measured in calories.value of food is usually measured in calories.A calorie is the amount of heat required to A calorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1.raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1.The number of calori
11、es people need per day is The number of calories people need per day is different,as the chart showsdifferent,as the chart shows Q1)_ calories are required to raise the temperature of 5kg of water from 35to 90.A.55 B.175 C.325 D.275 Q2)Which statement is TRUE according to the chart above?A.A child a
12、ged 8 requires more than 3 times the amount of calories that a baby does.B.A boy aged 16 requires nearly twice the amount of calories that a boy aged 8 does.C.An office worker requires the same amount of calories per day as a woman feeding a baby does.D.A farmer requires nearly 1.5 times the amount
13、of calories that an office worker does.CALORIES NEEDED PER DAYBaby 750Office worker 2,700Child aged 8 2,100 Woman feeding baby 2,700Man over 70 2,100Boy aged 16 3,000Woman 3,600Farmer 2,600词义猜测题词义猜测题的常见的提问形式的常见的提问形式:The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means _?The word“”most likely means _?
14、Which is following is closest in meaning to the word _?The underlined word/phrase“”means _ in Chinese?1 1）文中找线索或信息词）文中找线索或信息词;2)2)根据熟悉的词及词义根据熟悉的词及词义判断新单词之意；判断新单词之意；3 3）根据上下文判断新词）根据上下文判断新词汇在特定句中确切意思。汇在特定句中确切意思。做题要领做题要领 同义法同义法 常在词或短语之间有并列常在词或短语之间有并列连词连词and或或or，它们连接的两项内容在含，它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此可以推测。
15、义上是接近的或递进的，由此可以推测。反义法反义法 如如 hot and cold,give and receive等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。总之，词与词间都起着互为线索的作用。总之，词与词间都起着互为线索的作用。释义法释义法 对文章中的生词用定语对文章中的生词用定语（从句）、表语甚至于用逗号、破折号（从句）、表语甚至于用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。词词义义猜猜测测型型 情景推断法、代词替代法情景推断法、代词替代法等等1.同义法同义法 In the ancient city of Rome,we visited eve
16、ry mansion,church,battle site,theatre,and other public halls.mansion:建筑物或场所建筑物或场所2.释义法释义法 It will be very hard but also very brittle.that will break easily.brittle:易碎的，脆弱的易碎的，脆弱的3.情景推断法情景推断法 She is usually prompt for all her class,but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.prompt:准时的准时的4
17、.常识推断法常识推断法 The old man put on his spectacles and begun to read.spectacles:眼镜眼镜阅读理解基础训练阅读理解基础训练Basic Training-词义猜测题词义猜测题Q:Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word“illiterate”A.repeat B.reiterated C.uneducated D.sick Passage3:Most women in Ghana the educated and illiterate,
18、the urban and rural,the young and old work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers.Their reputation for economic independence,self-reliance,and hard work is well known and well deserved(应得的，值得的应得的，值得的).推理判断型推理判断型常见的命题方式有：常见的命题方式有：1.The passage implies that_
19、.2.We can conclude from the passage that_.3.Which of the following can be inferred?4.What is the tone of the author?5.What is the purpose of this passage?6.The passage is intended to _.7.Where would this passage most probably appear?以以原文内容原文内容为前提，据作者的为前提，据作者的观点理论观点理论（非考生观点非考生观点），客观地对文，客观地对文中未明显说明的现象
20、或事例给予中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释逻辑推断，做出一定解释。推推理理判判断断型型 透过现象看本质透过现象看本质，领悟作者领悟作者思想倾向、观点、立场、语气及思想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态度等。态度等。不要选择表层信息不要选择表层信息推理判断题推理判断题（做题要领做题要领）既要求学生透过文章表面既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章文字信息推测文章隐含意思隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从推理判断，力求从作者的角度作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法去考虑，不要固守
21、自己的看法或观点。或观点。阅读理解基础训练阅读理解基础训练Basic Training-推理判断题推理判断题 Passage 4 One afternoon,in Paris,I took a trip to an art museum.I was looking forward to a quiet view of some great paintings of excellent artists.A young couple looking at the paintings in front of me were talking non-stop.I watched them a mome
22、nt and found the woman was doing all the talking.Each time I heard her voice,I moved away at once.练习题Q:The What can we infer from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1？A.The writer was a person with few words.B.The writer was waiting for some artists.C.The writer was looking for some great painting
23、s.D.The writer wanted to enjoy great paintings quietly.文章Summary主 旨 大 意 型主 旨 大 意 型事实细节型事实细节型 词词 义义 猜猜 测测 型型阅读理解阅读理解推推 理理 判判 断断 型型训练建议训练建议1.提高阅读速度提高阅读速度 计时和限时阅读训练计时和限时阅读训练2.改变阅读习惯改变阅读习惯 指读指读 出声读出声读 回读回读3.掌握阅读技巧掌握阅读技巧 先题后文先题后文 文题文文题文4.积累文化背景知识和生活知识积累文化背景知识和生活知识 关注中西方文化差异关注中西方文化差异5.注重长难句的理解注重长难句的理解 原因：修饰语过多，并列成分多，原因：修饰语过多，并列成分多，语言结构层次多语言结构层次多 方法：方法：1）抓句子主干）抓句子主干 2）分析从句和短语的功能）分析从句和短语的功能 3）分析词、短语和从句的关系）分析词、短语和从句的关系训练建议训练建议
